Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices
Yelwa Jibrin | International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry | Vol 10, Issue 02 | pp. 28-37 | ISSN: 2582-5933
Abstract
Steel slag, a byproduct of the steelmaking process, is generated at an estimated 160 kg per ton of steel production. This study explores the chemical and mineral compositions of steel slag, highlighting key compounds such as SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and MnO, along with mineral components like C3S, C2S, C4AF, and free-CaO. The research emphasizes the extensive applications of steel slag in cement-based products, ceramics, road paving, and concrete admixtures. Specifically, it evaluates the incorporation of steel slag into road construction materials, categorizing it as a naturally occurring material, industry byproduct, and reusable construction material. With an annual production of approximately 24 million metric tons of slag waste in India, this study investigates the recycling potential of steel slag in enhancing the geotechnical properties of new road construction. The optimal application of slag, mixed with soil in proportions ranging from 5 to 25%, is assessed for its impact on soil stabilization and embankment formation. Additionally, the environmental suitability of steel slag is confirmed based on the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India's findings that classify it as non-hazardous. The study further explores the use of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) in high-performance concrete, highlighting its effectiveness as a landfill cover liner and its role in enhancing asphaltic concrete’s stability and resistance. The research concludes by evaluating the technological advancements and best practices for steel slag utilization, aiming to optimize the environmental and geotechnical benefits in road construction while minimizing potential environmental impacts.
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Matsumoto Takeshi et al.; Iron and steel slag products and new effective utilization technologies; JFE Technical Report No. 23 (Mar. 2018) 62. 2. Xiaolei Zhang et al.: The potential utilization of slag generated from iron and steelmaking industries: a review; Environ. Geochem. Health.; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00419-y 3. B. Das et al.: An overview of utilization of slag and sludge from steel industries; Resou., Conserv. and Recyc.; 50 (2007) 40. 4. Lucy V. Fisher, Andrew R. Barron: Suitability of steel making slag as a construction material resource; Rec. Prog. in Mater.; 3(3) (2021). 5. Ryusuke Uemura et al.: Overview of slag usage technology development at various works; Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Technical Report No. 109; (JULY 2015); UDC 669-1- 054- 82. 6. Bhavin G. Buddhdev & Ketan L. Timani: Critical review for utilization of blast furnace slag in geotechnical application; IGC-2018; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; (13-15 December 2018). 7. Khobotova E. B. et al.: Toxic properties and hydraulic activity of dump blast furnace slag; Izvestiya. Ferr. Met.; 63(9) (2020) 693. 8. Anjali, M. S. et al.: Potential valorisation of ferrous slag in the treatment of water and wastewater: a review; Adv. in Environ. Res.; 8 55. 9. Zhao Lu et al.: Study on denitration performance of solid waste blast furnace slag catalysts under different preparation processes; ACS Omega; 5(50) (2020) 32216. 10. R Ochoa Díaz: Blast furnace dust and phosphorous slag, new materials for use in road engineering; [Proc. Conf.]; IMRMPT; J. of Phys.; (935) (2017) 012003. 11. Ivana, Sanja Dimter, Ivanka Netinger: Possibilities of application of slag in road construction; Tech. Gaz.; (17) (2010) 523. 12. Ivana et al.: Possibilities of application of slag in road construction; Tech. Gaz.; 17(4) (2010) 523. 13. Md Shah Azam et al.: Construction of highway using industrial waste; Int. Res. J. of Eng. and Technol. (IRJET); 7(7) (2020) 3392. 14. Sandip.S.Patil et al.: Use of steel slag in construction of flexible pavement; Int. J. of Eng. and Innov. Technol. (IJEIT); 5(11) (2016). 15. Chris Maharaj et al.: Re-use of steel slag as an aggregate to asphaltic road pavement surface; Cogent Eng.; 4(1) (2017). 16. Alfonso López-Díaz et al.: Use of BOF slag and blast furnace dust in asphalt concrete: an alternative for the construction of pavements; DYNA; 85(206) (2018) 24. 17. Ochoa, R. and López, A.: Electric arc furnace slag and blast furnace dust, use for the manufacture of asphalt concrete for roads; Civ. Eng. Infrastruct. J.; 52(1) (June 2019) 155. 18. Jin Liu and Runhua Guo: Applications of steel slag powder and steel slag aggregate in ultra- high-performance concrete; Adv. in Civ. Eng.; (2018) 1426037. 19. Yasmina Amalia, Syoni Soepriyanto: Utilization of slag powder for cement substitution based on the compressive strength and penetration of chloride ions; Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia; 20(2) (January 2019) 58.
How to cite this article
APA
Jibrin, Y. (2025). Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, 10(02), 28-37.
MLA
Jibrin, Yelwa. “Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, vol. 10, no. 02, 2025, pp. 28-37.
Chicago
Yelwa Jibrin. “Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry 10, no. 02 (2025): 28-37.
Vancouver
Jibrin Y. Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. 2025;10(02):28-37.
BibTeX
@article{JibrinY2025,
author = {Yelwa Jibrin},
title = {Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices},
journal = {International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry},
year = {2025},
volume = {10},
number = {02},
pages = {28--37},
issn = {2582-5933},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/uncategorized/article=14351}
}
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Yelwa Jibrin | International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry | Vol 10, Issue 02 | pp. 28-37 | ISSN: 2582-5933
Abstract
Steel slag, a byproduct of the steelmaking process, is generated at an estimated 160 kg per ton of steel production. This study explores the chemical and mineral compositions of steel slag, highlighting key compounds such as SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and MnO, along with mineral components like C3S, C2S, C4AF, and free-CaO. The research emphasizes the extensive applications of steel slag in cement-based products, ceramics, road paving, and concrete admixtures. Specifically, it evaluates the incorporation of steel slag into road construction materials, categorizing it as a naturally occurring material, industry byproduct, and reusable construction material. With an annual production of approximately 24 million metric tons of slag waste in India, this study investigates the recycling potential of steel slag in enhancing the geotechnical properties of new road construction. The optimal application of slag, mixed with soil in proportions ranging from 5 to 25%, is assessed for its impact on soil stabilization and embankment formation. Additionally, the environmental suitability of steel slag is confirmed based on the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India's findings that classify it as non-hazardous. The study further explores the use of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) in high-performance concrete, highlighting its effectiveness as a landfill cover liner and its role in enhancing asphaltic concrete’s stability and resistance. The research concludes by evaluating the technological advancements and best practices for steel slag utilization, aiming to optimize the environmental and geotechnical benefits in road construction while minimizing potential environmental impacts.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
Matsumoto Takeshi et al.; Iron and steel slag products and new effective utilization technologies; JFE Technical Report No. 23 (Mar. 2018) 62. 2. Xiaolei Zhang et al.: The potential utilization of slag generated from iron and steelmaking industries: a review; Environ. Geochem. Health.; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00419-y 3. B. Das et al.: An overview of utilization of slag and sludge from steel industries; Resou., Conserv. and Recyc.; 50 (2007) 40. 4. Lucy V. Fisher, Andrew R. Barron: Suitability of steel making slag as a construction material resource; Rec. Prog. in Mater.; 3(3) (2021). 5. Ryusuke Uemura et al.: Overview of slag usage technology development at various works; Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Technical Report No. 109; (JULY 2015); UDC 669-1- 054- 82. 6. Bhavin G. Buddhdev & Ketan L. Timani: Critical review for utilization of blast furnace slag in geotechnical application; IGC-2018; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; (13-15 December 2018). 7. Khobotova E. B. et al.: Toxic properties and hydraulic activity of dump blast furnace slag; Izvestiya. Ferr. Met.; 63(9) (2020) 693. 8. Anjali, M. S. et al.: Potential valorisation of ferrous slag in the treatment of water and wastewater: a review; Adv. in Environ. Res.; 8 55. 9. Zhao Lu et al.: Study on denitration performance of solid waste blast furnace slag catalysts under different preparation processes; ACS Omega; 5(50) (2020) 32216. 10. R Ochoa Díaz: Blast furnace dust and phosphorous slag, new materials for use in road engineering; [Proc. Conf.]; IMRMPT; J. of Phys.; (935) (2017) 012003. 11. Ivana, Sanja Dimter, Ivanka Netinger: Possibilities of application of slag in road construction; Tech. Gaz.; (17) (2010) 523. 12. Ivana et al.: Possibilities of application of slag in road construction; Tech. Gaz.; 17(4) (2010) 523. 13. Md Shah Azam et al.: Construction of highway using industrial waste; Int. Res. J. of Eng. and Technol. (IRJET); 7(7) (2020) 3392. 14. Sandip.S.Patil et al.: Use of steel slag in construction of flexible pavement; Int. J. of Eng. and Innov. Technol. (IJEIT); 5(11) (2016). 15. Chris Maharaj et al.: Re-use of steel slag as an aggregate to asphaltic road pavement surface; Cogent Eng.; 4(1) (2017). 16. Alfonso López-Díaz et al.: Use of BOF slag and blast furnace dust in asphalt concrete: an alternative for the construction of pavements; DYNA; 85(206) (2018) 24. 17. Ochoa, R. and López, A.: Electric arc furnace slag and blast furnace dust, use for the manufacture of asphalt concrete for roads; Civ. Eng. Infrastruct. J.; 52(1) (June 2019) 155. 18. Jin Liu and Runhua Guo: Applications of steel slag powder and steel slag aggregate in ultra- high-performance concrete; Adv. in Civ. Eng.; (2018) 1426037. 19. Yasmina Amalia, Syoni Soepriyanto: Utilization of slag powder for cement substitution based on the compressive strength and penetration of chloride ions; Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia; 20(2) (January 2019) 58.
How to cite this article
APA
Jibrin, Y. (2025). Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, 10(02), 28-37.
MLA
Jibrin, Yelwa. “Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, vol. 10, no. 02, 2025, pp. 28-37.
Chicago
Yelwa Jibrin. “Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry 10, no. 02 (2025): 28-37.
Vancouver
Jibrin Y. Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. 2025;10(02):28-37.
BibTeX
@article{JibrinY2025,
author = {Yelwa Jibrin},
title = {Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices},
journal = {International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry},
year = {2025},
volume = {10},
number = {02},
pages = {28--37},
issn = {2582-5933},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/uncategorized/article=14351}
}
Yelwa Jibrin | International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry | Vol 10, Issue 02 | pp. 28-37 | ISSN: 2582-5933
Abstract
Steel slag, a byproduct of the steelmaking process, is generated at an estimated 160 kg per ton of steel production. This study explores the chemical and mineral compositions of steel slag, highlighting key compounds such as SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and MnO, along with mineral components like C3S, C2S, C4AF, and free-CaO. The research emphasizes the extensive applications of steel slag in cement-based products, ceramics, road paving, and concrete admixtures. Specifically, it evaluates the incorporation of steel slag into road construction materials, categorizing it as a naturally occurring material, industry byproduct, and reusable construction material. With an annual production of approximately 24 million metric tons of slag waste in India, this study investigates the recycling potential of steel slag in enhancing the geotechnical properties of new road construction. The optimal application of slag, mixed with soil in proportions ranging from 5 to 25%, is assessed for its impact on soil stabilization and embankment formation. Additionally, the environmental suitability of steel slag is confirmed based on the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India's findings that classify it as non-hazardous. The study further explores the use of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) in high-performance concrete, highlighting its effectiveness as a landfill cover liner and its role in enhancing asphaltic concrete’s stability and resistance. The research concludes by evaluating the technological advancements and best practices for steel slag utilization, aiming to optimize the environmental and geotechnical benefits in road construction while minimizing potential environmental impacts.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
Matsumoto Takeshi et al.; Iron and steel slag products and new effective utilization technologies; JFE Technical Report No. 23 (Mar. 2018) 62. 2. Xiaolei Zhang et al.: The potential utilization of slag generated from iron and steelmaking industries: a review; Environ. Geochem. Health.; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00419-y 3. B. Das et al.: An overview of utilization of slag and sludge from steel industries; Resou., Conserv. and Recyc.; 50 (2007) 40. 4. Lucy V. Fisher, Andrew R. Barron: Suitability of steel making slag as a construction material resource; Rec. Prog. in Mater.; 3(3) (2021). 5. Ryusuke Uemura et al.: Overview of slag usage technology development at various works; Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Technical Report No. 109; (JULY 2015); UDC 669-1- 054- 82. 6. Bhavin G. Buddhdev & Ketan L. Timani: Critical review for utilization of blast furnace slag in geotechnical application; IGC-2018; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; (13-15 December 2018). 7. Khobotova E. B. et al.: Toxic properties and hydraulic activity of dump blast furnace slag; Izvestiya. Ferr. Met.; 63(9) (2020) 693. 8. Anjali, M. S. et al.: Potential valorisation of ferrous slag in the treatment of water and wastewater: a review; Adv. in Environ. Res.; 8 55. 9. Zhao Lu et al.: Study on denitration performance of solid waste blast furnace slag catalysts under different preparation processes; ACS Omega; 5(50) (2020) 32216. 10. R Ochoa Díaz: Blast furnace dust and phosphorous slag, new materials for use in road engineering; [Proc. Conf.]; IMRMPT; J. of Phys.; (935) (2017) 012003. 11. Ivana, Sanja Dimter, Ivanka Netinger: Possibilities of application of slag in road construction; Tech. Gaz.; (17) (2010) 523. 12. Ivana et al.: Possibilities of application of slag in road construction; Tech. Gaz.; 17(4) (2010) 523. 13. Md Shah Azam et al.: Construction of highway using industrial waste; Int. Res. J. of Eng. and Technol. (IRJET); 7(7) (2020) 3392. 14. Sandip.S.Patil et al.: Use of steel slag in construction of flexible pavement; Int. J. of Eng. and Innov. Technol. (IJEIT); 5(11) (2016). 15. Chris Maharaj et al.: Re-use of steel slag as an aggregate to asphaltic road pavement surface; Cogent Eng.; 4(1) (2017). 16. Alfonso López-Díaz et al.: Use of BOF slag and blast furnace dust in asphalt concrete: an alternative for the construction of pavements; DYNA; 85(206) (2018) 24. 17. Ochoa, R. and López, A.: Electric arc furnace slag and blast furnace dust, use for the manufacture of asphalt concrete for roads; Civ. Eng. Infrastruct. J.; 52(1) (June 2019) 155. 18. Jin Liu and Runhua Guo: Applications of steel slag powder and steel slag aggregate in ultra- high-performance concrete; Adv. in Civ. Eng.; (2018) 1426037. 19. Yasmina Amalia, Syoni Soepriyanto: Utilization of slag powder for cement substitution based on the compressive strength and penetration of chloride ions; Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia; 20(2) (January 2019) 58.
How to cite this article
APA
Jibrin, Y. (2025). Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, 10(02), 28-37.
MLA
Jibrin, Yelwa. “Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, vol. 10, no. 02, 2025, pp. 28-37.
Chicago
Yelwa Jibrin. “Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices.” International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry 10, no. 02 (2025): 28-37.
Vancouver
Jibrin Y. Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. 2025;10(02):28-37.
BibTeX
@article{JibrinY2025,
author = {Yelwa Jibrin},
title = {Chemical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction Practices},
journal = {International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry},
year = {2025},
volume = {10},
number = {02},
pages = {28--37},
issn = {2582-5933},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/uncategorized/article=14351}
}
