Urban pollution has become a critical environmental and health concern. The rapid urbanization and increasing energy demands have led to a significant rise in urban pollution, posing severe threats to environmental sustainability and human health. This study examines the role of renewable energy adoption in mitigating urban pollution, based on a structured survey conducted among various stakeholders, including energy experts, city officials, and general residents. The survey covers awareness, technological acceptance, policy satisfaction, and future trends. The findings indicate a strong interest in renewable energy but highlight concerns about government support, cost, and technological limitations. A comprehensive review of existing case study is conducted to analyze the effectiveness of renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and bioenergy. The study suggests implementing policy improvements, offering financial incentives, and providing public education to enhance adoption. This study investigates the potential of renewable energy in addressing urban pollution through a structured survey that targeted diverse stakeholders, including energy experts, city administrators, policymakers, and everyday urban residents. The survey explored four key dimensions: awareness of renewable technologies, acceptance of new innovations, satisfaction with current government policies, and expectations regarding future energy trends. Results show that while there is a strong and growing interest in transitioning toward renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and bioenergy, several barriers hinder widespread adoption. These include high initial costs, limited technological infrastructure, and a perceived lack of consistent governmental support and incentives. To supplement survey findings, the study also conducts a comprehensive review of existing case studies that document real-world applications of renewable technologies in urban environments. Evidence suggests that cities investing in renewable solutions not only reduce their carbon footprint but also experience co-benefits such as improved public health, job creation, and enhanced energy security. Based on these insights, the study recommends targeted policy reforms, stronger financial incentives, and public education campaigns to raise awareness and promote behavioral change. Together, these measures can accelerate renewable energy adoption and play a critical role in mitigating urban pollution.

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1. Singh SN, Singh AK. Renewable energy for sustainable development in India.
2. Chandel SS, Shrivastava P, Chandel RK. Energy factors affecting environmental pollution for sustainable development in India. 2025;43(1):410–450. doi: 10.1177/01445987241282349.
3. Kumar P, Aggarwal SK. Barriers to renewable energy technologies adoption (Indian perspective). Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2015;41:762–776. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.077.
4. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA); Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW); World Health Organization (WHO); World Bank Group. Renewable energy and sustainable development reports. 2022–2023.
5. Yao Z, Lum Y, Johnston A, Mejia-Mendoza LM, Zhou X, Wen Y, et al. Machine learning for a sustainable energy future. Nat Rev Mater. 2023;8:202-215. doi: 10.1038/s41578-022-00490-5.
6. Gallagher MB. The race to develop renewable energy technologies. MIT News. 2019.
7. Zillman DN, Godden L, Paddock L. Advanced Introduction to Law and Renewable Energy.
8. Khodakarami J, Ghobadi P. Urban pollution and solar radiation impacts. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2016;57:965–976. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.166.
9. Bibri SE, Krogstie J. Environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities: Applied innovative solutions for energy efficiency, pollution reduction, and urban metabolism. Energy Inform. 2020;3(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s42162-020-00130-8.
10. Badreddine A, Cherif HL. Public health improvement by reducing air pollution: A strategy for the transition to renewable energy. Health Econ Manag Rev. 2024;5:1–4. doi: 10.1186/s42162-020-00130-8.

Urban pollution has become a critical environmental and health concern. The rapid urbanization and increasing energy demands have led to a significant rise in urban pollution, posing severe threats to environmental sustainability and human health. This study examines the role of renewable energy adoption in mitigating urban pollution, based on a structured survey conducted among various stakeholders, including energy experts, city officials, and general residents. The survey covers awareness, technological acceptance, policy satisfaction, and future trends. The findings indicate a strong interest in renewable energy but highlight concerns about government support, cost, and technological limitations. A comprehensive review of existing case study is conducted to analyze the effectiveness of renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and bioenergy. The study suggests implementing policy improvements, offering financial incentives, and providing public education to enhance adoption. This study investigates the potential of renewable energy in addressing urban pollution through a structured survey that targeted diverse stakeholders, including energy experts, city administrators, policymakers, and everyday urban residents. The survey explored four key dimensions: awareness of renewable technologies, acceptance of new innovations, satisfaction with current government policies, and expectations regarding future energy trends. Results show that while there is a strong and growing interest in transitioning toward renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and bioenergy, several barriers hinder widespread adoption. These include high initial costs, limited technological infrastructure, and a perceived lack of consistent governmental support and incentives. To supplement survey findings, the study also conducts a comprehensive review of existing case studies that document real-world applications of renewable technologies in urban environments. Evidence suggests that cities investing in renewable solutions not only reduce their carbon footprint but also experience co-benefits such as improved public health, job creation, and enhanced energy security. Based on these insights, the study recommends targeted policy reforms, stronger financial incentives, and public education campaigns to raise awareness and promote behavioral change. Together, these measures can accelerate renewable energy adoption and play a critical role in mitigating urban pollution.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Singh SN, Singh AK. Renewable energy for sustainable development in India.
2. Chandel SS, Shrivastava P, Chandel RK. Energy factors affecting environmental pollution for sustainable development in India. 2025;43(1):410–450. doi: 10.1177/01445987241282349.
3. Kumar P, Aggarwal SK. Barriers to renewable energy technologies adoption (Indian perspective). Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2015;41:762–776. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.077.
4. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA); Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW); World Health Organization (WHO); World Bank Group. Renewable energy and sustainable development reports. 2022–2023.
5. Yao Z, Lum Y, Johnston A, Mejia-Mendoza LM, Zhou X, Wen Y, et al. Machine learning for a sustainable energy future. Nat Rev Mater. 2023;8:202-215. doi: 10.1038/s41578-022-00490-5.
6. Gallagher MB. The race to develop renewable energy technologies. MIT News. 2019.
7. Zillman DN, Godden L, Paddock L. Advanced Introduction to Law and Renewable Energy.
8. Khodakarami J, Ghobadi P. Urban pollution and solar radiation impacts. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2016;57:965–976. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.166.
9. Bibri SE, Krogstie J. Environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities: Applied innovative solutions for energy efficiency, pollution reduction, and urban metabolism. Energy Inform. 2020;3(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s42162-020-00130-8.
10. Badreddine A, Cherif HL. Public health improvement by reducing air pollution: A strategy for the transition to renewable energy. Health Econ Manag Rev. 2024;5:1–4. doi: 10.1186/s42162-020-00130-8.