This research unveils a straightforward and environmentally friendly method for producing silver nanoparticles by utilizing leaf extracts from Vitex negundo and Eclipta prostata plants. These nanoparticles are garnering significant interest due to their incorporation of biologically active plant compounds, making them ideal for green synthesis. The study highlights the efficacy of this process in creating nanoparticles with unique biological applications. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles demonstrate promising antimicrobial properties and show potential in combating biofilm formation. Stability of silver nanoparticles was observed by colorimetric observation. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from the leaf extracts of Vitex negundo and Eclipta prostata were tested separately for Antibacterial activity. The study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against both gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus and Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Klebsiella. Additionally, their antifungal properties were examined. Furthermore, the efficacy of the silver nanoparticles in inhibiting biofilm formation was assessed using E. coli and Staphylococcus organisms.

Keywords:Staphylococcus aureus, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, eclipta prostata, gram-positive bacteria, gram-positive bacteria colorimetric

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1. Alprol AE, Mansour AT, Abdelwahab AM, Ashour Advances in green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles by marine algae for wastewater treatment by adsorption and photocatalysis techniques. Catalysts. 2023 May 15;13(5):888.
2. Xu L, Wang YY, Huang J, Chen CY, Wang ZX, Xie H. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety. 2020;10(20):8996.
3. Mamatha R, Khan S, Salunkhe P, Satpute S, Kendurkar S, Prabhune A, Deval A, Chaudhari BP. Rapid synthesis of highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles from the leaves of Salvadora Materials Letters. 2017 Oct 15;205:226-9..
4. Sree Gayathri,Dr. (Mrs.) Rachel Regi Daniel,Dr.Shenbagaradhai Studies on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characterization using leaf extracts of Terminalia chebula,indian journal of applied research, March 2015 Volume : 5, Issue : 3 pg no. 9-12
5. Anurag Verma,Piyush Mittal,Milind S. Pande,Neelanchal Trivedi, Bhuvnesh Kumar, Prabhakar Vishwakarma Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadiracta indica and Gardenia gummifera Plant Extract,Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,2021 - Volume 33 [Issue 46B]Page: 491-498.
6. Muthukumaran U, Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Veerakumar K, Amsath A, Muthukumaravel Adulticidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Chomelia asiatica Linn.(Family: Rubiaceae) against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Int J Zool Applied Biosci. 2016;1:118-29..”
7. Koli SH, Mohite BV, Suryawanshi RK, Borase HP, Patil Extracellular red Monascus pigment- mediated rapid one-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its application in biomedical and environment. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering. 2018 May;41:715-27..”
8. Zeeshan Afsar,Dr.Nethaji Ramalingam,Dr.Kumanan R,Dr.Babu Ganesan,Dr. Vimal Kr.phytochemical analysis antimicrobial screening and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from lantana camara flower extract Indian journal of applied research November2022 volume12 issue 11 page 73-75 _2022”.
9. Gagandeep Kaur, Anu Kalia, Harpreet Singh Sodhi, Biosynthesis, characterisation and anti- bacterial effect of Pleurotus florida-mediated silver nanoparticles,INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH,Volume : 4 | Issue : 10 | October 2014 PAGE 78-80
10. Dhanunjaya Kumar Chadive, Dr.Ananya Nagepalli, Charecterization Of Green Synthesized Silver Nano Particles From Leaf Extract Of Erythroxylum Monogynum By Using Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy And Study Of Cell Viability Of Mcf-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines By Using The Silver Nano Particles, Indian Journal Of Applied RESEARCH, August – 2020 Volume – 10, Issue – 8,Page no.23-25 DOI : 10.36106/ijar
11. Singh P, Mijakovic I. Strong antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by the green synthesis in Viridibacillus extracts. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022 Feb 16;13:820048.
12. Saini Devichand Kashyap Bhuvan Batra and S. Kumar Rajesh kumar Deepak Kumar Malik, Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and Amla (Phyllanthus Emblica) Leaf Extract.” INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH May 2013 Volume : 3 |Issue : 5 pg no.209-210
13. Agrawal P, Kulkarni N. Studies on bacterial synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its synergistic antibacterial effect with antibiotics against selected MDR enteric bacteria. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. eISSN. 2018;2455(1716):1716..”
14. Tesfaye M, Gonfa Y, Tadesse G, Temesgen T, Periyasamy Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vernonia amygdalina plant extract and its antimicrobial activities. Heliyon. 2023 Jun 1;9(6)..
15. Urnukhsaikhan E, Bold BE, Gunbileg A, Sukhbaatar N, Mishig-Ochir Antibacterial activity and characteristics of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Carduus crispus. Scientific Reports. 2021 Oct 26;11(1):21047..
16. Pushparaj K, Balasubramanian B, Kandasamy Y, Arumugam VA, Kaliannan D, Arumugam M, Alodaini HA, Hatamleh AA, Pappuswamy M, Meyyazhagan A. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of Solanum melongena and in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, pesticidal and anticancer activity in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell Journal of King Saud University-Science. 2023 Jul 1;35(5):102663.
17. Melkamu WW, Bitew Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) JF Gmel plant leaf extract and their antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities. Heliyon. 2021 Nov 1;7(11).
18. Ghatage MM, Mane PA, Gambhir RP, Parkhe VS, Kamble PA, Lokhande CD, Tiwari AP. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Aloe barbadensis miller leaves: anticancer, antioxidative, antimicrobial and photocatalytic Applied Surface Science Advances. 2023 Aug 1;16:100426..
19. W. Melkamu and L. T. Bitew, “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel plant leaf extract and their antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities,” Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 11, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08459.

This research unveils a straightforward and environmentally friendly method for producing silver nanoparticles by utilizing leaf extracts from Vitex negundo and Eclipta prostata plants. These nanoparticles are garnering significant interest due to their incorporation of biologically active plant compounds, making them ideal for green synthesis. The study highlights the efficacy of this process in creating nanoparticles with unique biological applications. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles demonstrate promising antimicrobial properties and show potential in combating biofilm formation. Stability of silver nanoparticles was observed by colorimetric observation. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from the leaf extracts of Vitex negundo and Eclipta prostata were tested separately for Antibacterial activity. The study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against both gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus and Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Klebsiella. Additionally, their antifungal properties were examined. Furthermore, the efficacy of the silver nanoparticles in inhibiting biofilm formation was assessed using E. coli and Staphylococcus organisms.

Keywords:Staphylococcus aureus, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, eclipta prostata, gram-positive bacteria, gram-positive bacteria colorimetric

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Alprol AE, Mansour AT, Abdelwahab AM, Ashour Advances in green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles by marine algae for wastewater treatment by adsorption and photocatalysis techniques. Catalysts. 2023 May 15;13(5):888.
2. Xu L, Wang YY, Huang J, Chen CY, Wang ZX, Xie H. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety. 2020;10(20):8996.
3. Mamatha R, Khan S, Salunkhe P, Satpute S, Kendurkar S, Prabhune A, Deval A, Chaudhari BP. Rapid synthesis of highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles from the leaves of Salvadora Materials Letters. 2017 Oct 15;205:226-9..
4. Sree Gayathri,Dr. (Mrs.) Rachel Regi Daniel,Dr.Shenbagaradhai Studies on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characterization using leaf extracts of Terminalia chebula,indian journal of applied research, March 2015 Volume : 5, Issue : 3 pg no. 9-12
5. Anurag Verma,Piyush Mittal,Milind S. Pande,Neelanchal Trivedi, Bhuvnesh Kumar, Prabhakar Vishwakarma Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadiracta indica and Gardenia gummifera Plant Extract,Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,2021 - Volume 33 [Issue 46B]Page: 491-498.
6. Muthukumaran U, Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Veerakumar K, Amsath A, Muthukumaravel Adulticidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Chomelia asiatica Linn.(Family: Rubiaceae) against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Int J Zool Applied Biosci. 2016;1:118-29..”
7. Koli SH, Mohite BV, Suryawanshi RK, Borase HP, Patil Extracellular red Monascus pigment- mediated rapid one-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its application in biomedical and environment. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering. 2018 May;41:715-27..”
8. Zeeshan Afsar,Dr.Nethaji Ramalingam,Dr.Kumanan R,Dr.Babu Ganesan,Dr. Vimal Kr.phytochemical analysis antimicrobial screening and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from lantana camara flower extract Indian journal of applied research November2022 volume12 issue 11 page 73-75 _2022”.
9. Gagandeep Kaur, Anu Kalia, Harpreet Singh Sodhi, Biosynthesis, characterisation and anti- bacterial effect of Pleurotus florida-mediated silver nanoparticles,INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH,Volume : 4 | Issue : 10 | October 2014 PAGE 78-80
10. Dhanunjaya Kumar Chadive, Dr.Ananya Nagepalli, Charecterization Of Green Synthesized Silver Nano Particles From Leaf Extract Of Erythroxylum Monogynum By Using Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy And Study Of Cell Viability Of Mcf-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines By Using The Silver Nano Particles, Indian Journal Of Applied RESEARCH, August – 2020 Volume – 10, Issue – 8,Page no.23-25 DOI : 10.36106/ijar
11. Singh P, Mijakovic I. Strong antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by the green synthesis in Viridibacillus extracts. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022 Feb 16;13:820048.
12. Saini Devichand Kashyap Bhuvan Batra and S. Kumar Rajesh kumar Deepak Kumar Malik, Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and Amla (Phyllanthus Emblica) Leaf Extract.” INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH May 2013 Volume : 3 |Issue : 5 pg no.209-210
13. Agrawal P, Kulkarni N. Studies on bacterial synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its synergistic antibacterial effect with antibiotics against selected MDR enteric bacteria. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. eISSN. 2018;2455(1716):1716..”
14. Tesfaye M, Gonfa Y, Tadesse G, Temesgen T, Periyasamy Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vernonia amygdalina plant extract and its antimicrobial activities. Heliyon. 2023 Jun 1;9(6)..
15. Urnukhsaikhan E, Bold BE, Gunbileg A, Sukhbaatar N, Mishig-Ochir Antibacterial activity and characteristics of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Carduus crispus. Scientific Reports. 2021 Oct 26;11(1):21047..
16. Pushparaj K, Balasubramanian B, Kandasamy Y, Arumugam VA, Kaliannan D, Arumugam M, Alodaini HA, Hatamleh AA, Pappuswamy M, Meyyazhagan A. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of Solanum melongena and in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, pesticidal and anticancer activity in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell Journal of King Saud University-Science. 2023 Jul 1;35(5):102663.
17. Melkamu WW, Bitew Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) JF Gmel plant leaf extract and their antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities. Heliyon. 2021 Nov 1;7(11).
18. Ghatage MM, Mane PA, Gambhir RP, Parkhe VS, Kamble PA, Lokhande CD, Tiwari AP. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Aloe barbadensis miller leaves: anticancer, antioxidative, antimicrobial and photocatalytic Applied Surface Science Advances. 2023 Aug 1;16:100426..
19. W. Melkamu and L. T. Bitew, “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel plant leaf extract and their antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities,” Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 11, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08459.