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621 articles
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Application of Acid Treated Carbon Derived from Biomass (Lantana camara) for Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions
Abstract: The presence of phenolic compounds is toxic and harmful to human health and aquatic life. Five biomass: cotton stalk, rice straw, bagasse, wheat straw and Lantana camara were characterized. Based on characterization and availability, Lantana camara (LC) was selected for study as an adsorbent. LC and activated Lantana camara (ALC) were further characterized and studied for their suitability as the commercial adsorbent for removal of phenol. Equilibrium study on ALC …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Air Pollution – Its Effects on Health and Environment
Abstract: Air pollution can harm us when it accumulates in the air in high enough concentrations. Millions of Americans live in areas where urban smog, particle pollution, and toxic pollutants pose serious health concerns. People exposed to high enough levels of certain air pollutants may experience Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and breathing difficulties, Worsening of existing lung and heart problems, such as asthma and …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Environmentalism-Protecting Life on Earth
Abstract: Our planet is endowed with vast population. Day-by-day due to increased usage of its resources and energy, it is becoming difficult to survive like this for long. The environment of Earth is deteriorating at an alarming rate making it unfit to survive not only for us but for our future generations to come. ‘Environmentalism’ is a new concept that aims to identify the problems associated with the environment and ways …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 3–4 Read article
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Major Environmental Concerns in India: An Overview
Abstract: India is a developing country with huge population of nearly 1.3 billion. The population of India is growing steadily at the rate of 1.26% per year. However, the resources required to fulfill the growing population is limited. Increasing population is putting a lot of pressure on the infrastructure and economy of the country. Also, with the urbanization, many of the technologies that were introduced had negative impact on the environment …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 5–8 Read article
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Feasibility Study on Spent Pot Lining (SPL) as Raw Material in Cement Manufacture Process
Abstract: SPL is a waste material that comes free from the production of Aluminum industrial. SPL is separated in two fractions: a carbon-rich fraction referred to as “first cut” and a refractories rich fraction referred to as “second cut”. One commonly used solution is the processing of SPL fractions in cement kilns. The primary reasons for the cement producer to process the SPL are the reduction in raw material costs from …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 18–26 Read article
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Pyrolysis Characteristics and Isoconversional kinetics of kusum deoiled seedcake.
Abstract: The pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of kusum de-oiled seed cake were conducted using a Thermo gravimetric analyzer. Thermogravimetric analysis of biomass was carried out at three different heating rates of 10, 20, 30, ̊ C/min from 28 ̊ C to 1000 ̊ C under N2 atmosphere. The results indicated that the biomass was decomposed in the temperature range of 270 ̊C to 520 ̊ C and further decreased when temperature …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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Modification of Cubic Equations of State for Polar Compounds
Abstract: Abstract Volumetric properties of substances are crucial thermodynamic parameters in that they aid personnel to compute other thermodynamic parameters like internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, etc. Moreover, these are required in the design of process equipment and in the sizing of pipelines. In 1873 van der Waals proposed an equation to predict volumetric properties of idealized gases. Hitherto, a plethora of such equations known as cubic equations of state have been …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Health Impact of Pollutants
Abstract: With the advent of industrial revolution, there has been a sharp rise in the atmospheric pollution contaminating the natural surroundings and negatively affecting the day-to-day lifestyle of living beings. Pollution is caused by waste materials of different forms that are dumped randomly on open areas or released into water bodies. Huge quantities of wastes come from the industries effluents which are toxic and highly hazardous. These include wastes from pulp …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–2 Read article
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Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Oxidation of Benzydamine Hydrochloride by Permanganate (VII) in Acidic Medium
Abstract: The kinetics and mechanism of Permanganate (Mn (VII)) oxidation of Benzydamine hydrochloride (B.HCl) in acidic medium has been studied at 26 ± 0.1°C. The reaction shows first order dependence in [Mn (VII)], less than unit order in [B.HCl] and fractional order dependence in [H2SO4]. Variation of ionic strength by the addition of KCl has no significant effect on the rate. The stoichiometry of the reaction is found to be 1:4 …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Reduction of Some Carbonyl Compounds with Sodium Dithionite in Aqueous Alkaline Medium
Abstract: Kinetics of the reduction of some carbonyl compounds (acetophenone, benzophenone, benzaldehyde, and salicylaldehyde) with sodium dithionite was studied at 28± 0.5oC and basic concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 mol dm-3 (NaHCO3). Under these conditions, the reaction rates were found to be first order with respect to sodium dithionite as plot of log kobs versus log [S2O42-] showed linearity to about 95% extent of reaction, however, the overall …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 11–19 Read article
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The decomposition of tris-(oxalato)-manganate (III) complex ion as the reaction suitable for the laboratory practice on chemical kinetics
Abstract: The complex ion [Mn(C2O4)3]3- is very photosensitive and rapidly decomposes at the daylight even at ambient temperatures. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, its kinetic equation obeys the pseudo-first order. In addition, the tris-(oxalate)-manganate ion has a low thermal stability, and the reaction of its decomposition is highly affected by temperature. This makes this reaction very suitable for demonstrating the laws of chemical kinetics to the students – …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics: An Overview
Abstract: Almost every chemical reaction has a kinetic and a thermodynamic aspect. The terms ‘kinetic’ and ‘thermodynamic’ though inter-related are two different facets of a chemical reaction. Here is an overview of the underlying relationships between the two through application to chemical reactions and an example from natural processes. Keywords: activation energy, chemical reaction, kinetic, reactant, thermodynamics
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 25–27 Read article
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Graphene Modification for Thermal Modulators: A Current Report
Abstract: Graphene has attracted a lot of interest in recent years on account of its unique electrical and optical properties. Graphene has a spring constant in the range of 1-5N/m and a Young's modulus of 0.5 Tpa, which shows that it has a breaking strength 200 times greater than steel and one of the strongest materials known. Moreover, the electronic structure of graphene is unique in the sense that it can …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 28–29 Read article
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Trees Conservation: Protecting Life on Earth
Abstract: Today, one of the biggest concerns about the environment and our Earth is the need for tree conservation. Trees are the cornerstones of all the ecosystems and the building blocks for all the living organisms on Earth. It is difficult to even imagine our lives without trees. There would be no place for the birds and animals to live and have leisure time. Trees stabilize soils, regulate water and carbon …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 34–35 Read article
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Square Wave Pulsed Electrodeposition of Chromium from Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) Based on Choline Chloride
Abstract: Electrodeposition of chromium from hexavalent chromium ion is very toxic, carcinogenic, not environmentally benign, cathodic efficiency is low, and the quality of coating is very poor (due to H2 evolution). Ambient temperature Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) can be formed by reacting choline chloride (HOC2H4 (CH3)3Cl) with metal salts. These low cost DES are not sensitive to air and moisture and have good electro-conductivity and they do not have vapour pressure. …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 26–33 Read article
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Characterization of Tesu Colour Dyeing on Excel Fibre and to Study the Effects of Caustic Treatment
Abstract: Tesu, the natural flower colour, was extracted in such way that the maximum colour yield can be obtained on textile fibre. The extracted Tesu colour was applied on excel, the third generation regenerated cellulosic fibre, at different pH, time, temperature and electrolyte concentration. The characterisation of Tesu colour dyeing on excel fibre was developed. Further, the effects of caustic soda treatment on dyeability of excel fibre with natural Tesu colour …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 20–25 Read article
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River Bihar Water Analysis in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract: This paper aims to carry out analysis of water in Bihar River during winter season in year 2015 in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh, India. We have analyzed the seasonal variation and change in physical and chemical properties such as temperature, pH, color, odor, alkalinity, turbidity, hardness; and presence of total dissolved solutes (TDS) like calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl), and sulfate (SO42), of Bihar river water. The variable …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Analysis of Impure and Pure Underground Water in Post Monsoon of Rewa City, MP, India
Abstract: Present papers to analysis of underground water in postmonsoon of Rewa city, Madhya Pradesh, India in a year of 2015. Most of the samples analyzed are within the prescribed limits as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), Indian Standard Institute (ISI) and BIS desirable limit. Seasonal variation in physical and chemical parameters like Temperature, Turbidity, Color, Odor, Taste, pH value, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Total alkalinity, chloride, Nitrate, Total …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Fluoride Distribution and Related Health Problems
Abstract: Fluoride is one of the very few chemicals that cause significant effects in people depending upon their concentration. Although present naturally in soil, water and air, fluoride consumption occurs largely through water. Fluoride intake at low concentration is known to cause beneficial effects on teeth, however at high concentrations; it may give rise to a number of adverse effects. These range from mild dental fluorosis to crippling skeletal fluorosis as …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 9–12 Read article
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Chemical Safety in Solid Waste Management
Abstract: Solid waste disposal is a burning issue now-a-days. Municipal solid waste consists of wastes like paper, plastics, glass, metal, food, etc. These wastes come from various sources, may be houses, industries, hotels, etc. This paper focuses specifically on the chemical waste disposal. It is observed that in society many times illegal dumping of toxic chemical waste is done. This is not a good practice. This can pose serious hazard to …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 4–8 Read article