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295 articles for “Density”
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Analysis and Comparison of Pedestrian Flow Characteristics Variation on Passageway, Stairway and Escalator in Intercity Railway Stations
Abstract: Pedestrians while commuting through public transport facilities like integrated public transportation system, metro system, railway system, encounter level change facilities to transfer among different platforms. These facilities include passageway, stairway, escalator and ramps. They are confined areas and are the basic means of pedestrian movements inside a terminal to access platforms at different levels. Within limited terminal area, designing and planning of level changing infrastructures is of great challenge. For …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 8–19 Read article
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Influence of Compaction Technique on Shear Strength of Modified Subgrade Soil
Abstract: The subgrade soil is considered as the foundation for the roadway structure, it is responsible to provide the required stability for the overlaying pavement layers and to limit the deformation due to traffic load repetitions by furnishing homogeneous stress distribution. For poor soil condition, grid reinforcement or Asphalt stabilization techniques are usually implemented to control the deformation and improve shear strength of poor granular subgrade soil. In this work, the …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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Stabilization using Waste plastic for Subgrade soil
Abstract: The Biggest challenge in a developing country like India is to build infrastructure system especially roads with limited financial source available. Use of local materials can considerably lower down the construction cost. If the stability of local soil is not adequate for supporting wheel loads, the properties are improved by soil stabilization techniques e.g. use of waste material obtained from industries or waste plastic in the subgrade soil, this can …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 14–17 Read article
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Assessment of Pedestrian Walking Speed Through the Religious Occasions in Iraq
Abstract: The design of safe pedestrian facilities usually depends on assessment of pedestrian characteristics and behavior. In this investigation, pedestrian walking speed through the religious occasion has been monitored at three locations: Al-Kadhimiya (Imam Al-Kadim), Najaf, and Karbala (Imam Al-Husain) holy shrines. Video captures of the pedestrians through their walking to the two holy shrines have been prepared and analyzed for walking speed, gender, age groups, and clothing tradition. The pedestrian …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Comparative Assessment of Tensile and Shear Behavior of Cold, Warm and Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete
Abstract: The environment awareness of toxic gases emissions during the production, transportation, and construction of hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC) have led to the development of Warm, half warm, and cold mix asphalt concrete. Such development of alternative mixtures is considered as sustainable materials in asphalt concrete paving process. The temperature reduction in the mixing of binder during production, handling, and compaction of the mix results in saving energy, reduction of …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 39–47 Read article
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Data Transmission Using Visible Light
Abstract: Li-Fi, an acronym for Light-Fidelity, is a novel technology that was first introduced by Dr. Harald Haas from Germany in 2011. It allows the transmission of data through light using LED light bulbs. Like Wi-Fi, Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology that provides high-speed communication. While Wi-Fi is suitable for providing wireless connectivity in buildings and societies, Li-Fi is ideal for providing high-density wireless data coverage in restricted …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 9–13 Read article
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Determination of Lightning Arrester Value to 11/0.415 KV Distribution Substation Transformer on Unprotected Overhead Lines
Abstract: Lightning is among the major causes of outages in distribution networks. Over-voltagesarising from lightning strokes disrupt electricity supply by causing damages to transformersand other sensitive equipment in the network. Transformers are a critical part of everydistribution network and serve the purpose of stepping down electrical energy to levelssuitable for consumption by the end users. Adequate protection of transformers and otherdistribution equipment against lightning is a proactive measure to achieve high …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 18–28 Read article
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The Study of Electrical Performance of Perovskite (CH3NH3PbX3, X=I, Br, Cl) Solar Cell at Different Absorption Coefficient
Abstract: Electrical Performance and numerical simulation of perovskite solar cells were carried out utilizing perovskite materials such "methyl ammonium lead halide (MAPbX3, MA= CH3NH3, X=I, Br, Cl)" with different absorption coefficients with the help of SCAPS tools and calculated the open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE), and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the MAPbI3, MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 material used as active layer, respectively. The hole transport layer …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 16–22 Read article
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Numerical simulation of P3HT based Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFTs)
Abstract: This paper presents numerical simulation of P3HT based organic thin film transistors using commercially available device simulation software ATLAS from Silvaco Inc. We present a model of the P3HT based OTFTs based on the tail and the deep states, which can produce well the characteristics of the P3HT based OTFTs in both the subthreshold and the above-threshold regions. Simulation includes the hopping mobility model, Poole-Frenkel mobility model, Schottky contact, and …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 13–20 Read article
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Silicone Coating on Porcelain Insulator
Abstract: Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) utilized porcelain insulators in the transmission overhead line system. These insulators reputed to be the best insulators with regard to the design and durability. In spite of satisfactory performance, porcelain insulators have disadvantages such as regular washing and cleaning. Because of the coastal location and industrial pollution of the overhead lines, frequent washing of porcelain insulators is required to ensure interruption free and reliable …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 31–37 Read article
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Microwaves-Impact on our living!
Abstract: Electromagnetic Field (EMF) radiation is the flow of photons through space. Each photon contains a certain amount of energy, and the different types of radiations are defined by the amount of energy found in the photons. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation. X-rays used in hospitals or the radio waves from a radio station are all part of this spectrum. Even when a building …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 20–22 Read article
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Analyzed the Interfacing Effect on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cell Using Copper Thiocyanate (CuSCN) as Hole Transport Layer
Abstract: The interfacing layers occurs between the electron transport layer (ETL) (TiO 2 ) and Absorber layer(CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) and also Absorber layer (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) and hole transport layer (HTL) play important role in the efficacy of perovskite solar cells using SCAPS Tool. Using solar cells makes sense and may even be required in the future when new clean energy sources are …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 49–55 Read article
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A Low-Carbon Economic-Load Dispatching Using PSO Technique
Abstract: This paper presents the solution of economic-load dispatch problem with quadratic cost function by using particle swarm optimization (PSO). PSO technique is useful at solving optimization problems with both single- and multiple-objective functions with non-convex, discontinuous, noisy and non-differentiable solution. The results show that PSO has the ability of minimizing the cost of productions in power system operations. Carbon emission characteristics of all kinds of power units are analysed against …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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A Review of Modified and Photovoltaic PZT
Abstract: Since the discovery of ferroelectricity, the most widely investigated, used and availablematerial is lead zirconate titanate (PZT). This communication provides a review on the workbeing done on PZT, its present status in the world of materials science and its futureexcogitation. The classification of modification has been done on the basis of literaturesurvey till date. This review also includes the present status of PZT in the technology ofphotovoltaics. The effect of …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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SOC estimation for Battery Management Systems using Li-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles
Abstract: Since the battery system controls the occupants' safety, functioning, and even life, most electric vehicles (EVs) require battery monitoring. This is precisely what Battery- management system is: to monitor and regulate the condition of the battery among the parameters set for safe operation. For safe and dependable operation, electric vehicles (EVs) need high rated capacity batteries and appropriate battery management systems (BMS). Consumer adoption of high energy density battery materials …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 13–21 Read article
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Communication Channel Model between Two Neighbors in UAV Networks
Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle "UAV" networking is evolving as a major state of the art research field, thanks to the foreseen revolution in its applications. Enhancing the performance of such networks requires developing a channel model between any couple of neighbors within the UAV network. In this paper, we present a statistical signal reception model for the shadowed communication channel between two neighbors in a UAV network. In this model, we …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 11–27 Read article
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Model Simulation & Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio System
Abstract: Cognitive radio is the technique where different sorts of wireless communication devices work dynamically and change frequencies and other parameters over time. The idea of cognitive radio (CR) is to find means to use these “gaps” or “holes” in the frequency spectra and do something useful of the frequencies floating around unused and the goal of cognitive radios is to utilize under used spectrum as spectral resources are becoming sparts. …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 14–17 Read article
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Preparation and Characterization of Nanosize SnO2 Nanopowders by Precipitation Method
Abstract: Nanocrystalline Tin oxide (SnO2) powders have been synthesized by a direct precipitation method from an aqueous solution in the presence of SnCl4 and NH3. The crystallite size, lattice parameters, dislocation density and number of unit cells in SnO2 nanocrystalline powder (as-prepared and heated) are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of XRD show that pure SnO2 nanocrystalline powder has tetragonal rutile structure; the broad peak indicates small crystallite size …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 1, Issue 1-2, 2015 Read article
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Study and Simulation of Radiation Effects on MOS Structures through High Energy Ions
Abstract: MOS structures exposed to 305 MeV Kr and 710 MeV Bi ions irradiation with fluences of 109 cm 2 and 1010 cm 2 were investigated by capacitance measuring methods (C–V, C–t), completed by quasistatic low-frequency C–V and DLTS measurements. The irradiated MOS structures were functional in spite of a high density of radiation defects. The electric activity of the defects brought a sharp decrease in the generation parameters tr and …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 40–46 Read article
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Impact of Active Layer Thickness and Incident Beam Intensity on Organic Solar Cell Efficiency
Abstract: Organic solar cell is becoming an emerging and popular field in research because of its various economic and environmental merits. This paper presents the impact of thickness of active layer and incident beam intensity on power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cell. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell is considered with organic active layer of MEH-PPV: PCBM material and Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) material as transparent anode onto which beam is incident. …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 19–26 Read article