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814 articles for “problems”
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Smart Voting System using Biometrics
Abstract: Election integrity and openness are essential components of democratic governance. Voter impersonation, duplicate voting, and the absence of real-time verification are common problems with traditional voting systems, including paper-based and electronic voting machines. This paper proposes a secure and efficient Biometric Voting System that leverages biometric authentication techniques, such as fingerprint or iris recognition, to ensure the uniqueness and authenticity of each voter. The system integrates a centralized database containing …
Published in International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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AI-Based Image Detection of Rice Crop Diseases Using Deep Learning and Grad-CAM
Abstract: The Indian economy relies heavily on agriculture, and rice is one of the most significant staple crops grown in the country. Nevertheless, rice cultivation faces numerous challenges due to several leaf diseases, such as bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and leaf smut. These diseases can lead to substantial yield losses and financial burdens for farmers. Therefore, the early detection and classification of these diseases are essential to minimize crop damage …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Automated Vehicle classification and counting for Smart City Traffic management using AI/ML and DL
Abstract: Traffic jams and safety on the road have become a serious problem in modern cities. They need smart and versatile solutions. This project is a proposal to use automated vehicles to count and classify real- time vehicles. The system will enhance the traffic monitoring and management in smart cities. It can identify and differentiate the various kinds of vehicles: cars, trucks, buses, and motorcycles by utilizing machine learning on real-time …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Predicting Traffic Congestion in Mumbai Using Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Abstract — Mumbai's ongoing traffic problems are brought on by the city's fast urbanization, population expansion, and growing reliance on private automobiles. The majority of traffic management technologies in use today are reactive, frequently reacting only after congestion has already arisen. Using information from a variety of sources, such as commuter surveys, weather reports, and traffic incident logs, this study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Remote Sensing Technologies for Weather Forecasting: Techniques, Uses, andAssessment
Abstract: Remote sensing has become an important tool for modern weather forecasting since it lets us see the Earth's atmosphere and surface all the time and on a huge scale. Remote sensing uses satellites and sensors to collect data in real time on important weather variables like temperature, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation patterns, and atmospheric motion. These numbers are used in numerical weather prediction models to make forecasts more accurate and …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–34 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures and Evolution
Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become a foundational deep learning framework in computer vision because they can automatically extract layered, increasingly complex features directly from raw image data. CNNs use convolutional, pooling, and activation layers to extract spatial patterns from basic edges to intricate object components, drawing inspiration from the human visual cortex. An overview of CNNs’ basic architecture is given in this study, along with an explanation of important …
Published in International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 32–40 Read article
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An Overview on Metal Processing using Machine Learning
Abstract: Metalworking, which is an important part of modern industry, includes a wide range of steps, such as shaping and casting the metal, machining it, and riveting it. The industry has always relied on trial and error and other empirical methods, but machine learning (ML) is now causing a big change. It is expected that this change will lead to higher production, better product quality, and better use of resources. The …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 43–53 Read article
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CAM Software Selection in Tamil Nadu Manufacturing SMEs using ELECTRE III and Decision Resonance Methods
Abstract: This paper contributes a conceptual framework to guide the strategic alignment of software selection criteria using a new method - Decision Resonance Method and an established method - ELECTRE III within the existing decision theory frameworks. The analysis contributes empirically tested software selection criteria that will improve the categorization of decision implications This study provides input for decision theory extensions related to information, the value of problem structuring, and its …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 40–49 Read article
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Microelectronics: Reach, Functions, and Worldwide Effects
Abstract: Microelectronics has changed modern life by making it possible to make small, powerful, and efficient electronic systems. This article looks at the basic ideas behind microelectronics, with a focus on how to design and make integrated circuits and semiconductor devices that power the technologies we use every day. It also highlights how crucial advanced lithographic methods and fabrication techniques are for attaining high precision and scalability in the contemporary production …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 33–46 Read article
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RF Integrated Circuits: Fundamentals & Basic Concepts
Abstract: Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFICs) are essential building blocks of current wireless communication systems, integrating high frequency analogue components on a single semiconductor chip. Such circuits have a wide use in applications like mobile communication, satellite systems, radar, wireless networking and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. RF integrated circuits are designed to function efficiently at radio frequencies with low power consumption, small size and good performance. The future of wireless …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 24–31 Read article
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Front-End Converters for Power Quality Enhancement in EV Chargers: A Review
Abstract: The increasing growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption has increased the need for charging infrastructure that is efficient, reliable, and works well with the grid. Front-end converters (FECs) are very important for making sure that power quality is good and that international standards are followed. They are located between the utility grid and the power conversion stages of EV chargers. This research paper offers an extensive examination of front-end converter …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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The Cellphone Communication Crisis: Lost Signals, Dropped Calls
Abstract: Cellular communication is becoming an important feature of modern life offering immediate connectivity for personal, commercial and emergency communications. But poor network performance, lost calls, weak signals and limited coverage continue to be serious concerns for users around the world. The essay addresses the emerging crisis in cellular communication by assessing the main reasons for connectivity problems, such as network congestion, inadequate infrastructure, geographical obstacles, and technology constraints. The rapid …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 49–53 Read article
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Next-Generation IoT-Based Air & Noise Pollution Monitoring System Using ESP32-S3
Abstract: Air and noise pollution have become serious environmental problems in modern urban areas due to rapid industrialization, increasing traffic, and population growth. Continuous monitoring of pollution levels is important to protect public health and maintain environmental safety. Traditional pollution monitoring systems are expensive and limited in coverage, which makes real- time monitoring difficult in many locations. To address this issue, this project proposes a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) based …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 69–75 Read article
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Combating Deepfakes and AI-Generated Misinformation: Towards a Digital Likeness and Integrity Framework for India
Abstract: The real struggle is to distinguish what is real and what is fake in the communication of the hyper-digitalized age, in which AI and generative technologies significantly impact the field of communication. The change in the creation and consumption of information has come with the deepfake AI-generated fake media that can imitate a human in voice, image, and video. However, on the one hand, generative models such as Generative Adversarial …
Published in International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–20 Read article
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Utility of Corrosion Inhibitors for the Corrosion Protection of Materials in Hostile Environments
Abstract: The term “inhibitor” refers to a material that reduces the rate of corrosion in an environment when added in trace amounts. As a result, the inhibitor functions as a catalyst for those delays. Inhibitors come in a wide variety of forms and formulations. The two most crucial considerations when choosing materials for industrial applications are cost and safety. Physical criteria are typically simple to achieve, but corrosion resistance presents significant …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–34 Read article
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Animal Biotechnology: Finding a Balance Between New Ideas and Morality
Abstract: Animal biotechnology has become a revolutionary subject that combines genetics,farming, and medicine. It offers new ways to solve global problems like food security,disease management, and drug manufacture. Scientists have used geneticengineering, cloning, transgenesis, and genome editing to make livestock moreproductive, generate animals that are immune to disease, and make useful scientificmodels. Transgenic animals are also being utilised more and more to maketherapeutic proteins and help with research on organ transplants.Animal …
Published in International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Engineering Behaviour of Expansive Clay Modified with Lime, Cement, and Fly Ash for Geotechnical Applications
Abstract: Abstract Soils exhibiting high swelling and shrinkage characteristics present a persistent challenge in geotechnical engineering, particularly in regions dominated by clay-rich deposits. These materials undergo significant volumetric changes due to moisture fluctuations, often resulting in structural distress, pavement failure, and increased maintenance demands. The present study investigates the modification of expansive soil behavior through the application of chemical stabilization techniques using lime, cement, and fly ash. A structured experimental program …
Published in International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Fast Lanes by Design: Quantifying RFID Electronic Tolling Impacts on Plaza Halt Times in Highway
Abstract: Abstract—Rapid urban growth and the steady rise in the number of vehicles have made congestion at highway toll plazas a persistent and costly problem. Long queues at toll booths not only waste travelers’ time but also increase fuel consumption, air pollution, and overall operating costs of the transport system. Traditional manual toll collection methods contribute significantly to these delays, as vehicles are required to stop for cash or card-based transactions. …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Automated Vehicle classification and counting for Smart City Traffic management using AI/ML and DL
Abstract: Abstract: Traffic jam and safety at the road have become a serious problem in modern cities. They need smart and versatile solutions. This project is a proposal to use automated vehicles to count and classify real- time vehicles. The system will enhance the traffic monitoring and management in smart cities. It is capable of identifying and differentiating the various kinds of vehicles: cars, trucks, buses, and motorcycles by utilizing machine …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Assessment of a Reef for Protecting Reclamation and Mitigating Sedimentation in a Navigational Channel
Abstract: Abstract Among various engineering interventions, submerged breakwaters (reefs) have emerged as a promising solution that balances shoreline protection with environmental and aesthetic considerations. This paper presents a study at Essar Bulk Terminals Limited (EBTL), Hazira, Gujarat, on the effectiveness of a reef in protecting reclaimed areas from wave and tidal action, as well as mitigating sediment accumulation in the navigational channel within the Tapi Estuary on India's west coast. A …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–20 Read article