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1013 articles for “characterization”
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Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Exploration ofHexagonal Copper Sulfide (CuS) Nanocrystals for EnergyApplications
Abstract: Copper sulfide (CuS) is a promising material for a variety of applications, including solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, sensors, and catalysts. In this current study, a facile technique for the synthesis of CuS nanocrystallites at modrate temperature 160°) without the use of any template or additives was reported. The reaction was carried out in a pressure reactor for 24 hours. he crystalline nature of the synthesized CuS nanocrystallites was confirmed using …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Beneficiation of Low-Grade Iron Ores: Comprehensive Review of Conventional and Advanced Techniques
Abstract: Due to the rapid depletion of high-grade iron ore resources and exponential demand from the global steel industry, particularly in India targeting 300 MTPA by 2025, the utilization of low-grade iron ores including Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ), Banded Hematite Jasper (BHJ), and lateritic iron ores has become critically important. These ores contain 30–50% Fe with associated gangue minerals such as SiO₂ (40–50%), Al₂O₃ (0.5–2.5%), and minor constituents including goethite, magnetite, …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–18 Read article
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Chemical Engineering Aspects of Carrageenan Hydrogel–Silver Composite Systems: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance
Abstract: This review presents a green chemistry–driven strategy for the synthesis, design, and chemical engineering of carrageenan-based hydrogel matrices embedded with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for advanced biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Silver nanoparticles were fabricated through an environmentally benign route employing natural biopolymeric reducing and stabilizing agents, eliminating the need for hazardous chemical reagents and minimizing ecological impact. The synthesized AgNPs were subsequently incorporated into κ-carrageenan hydrogel networks under controlled physicochemical …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–28 Read article
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Preserving the past: Stepwell as a Cultural Landscape and Sustainable Water Source
Abstract: Water is an essential element of nature and a fundamental resource for all life on Earth. Since ancient times, human civilizations have flourished around water sources, and rivers are revered as sacred, across diverse cultures. In India, traditional water conservation systems like stepwells played a crucial role in ensuring the availability of water throughout the year. Stepwells, known for its unique architectural and cultural significance, have been an integral part …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 72–84 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of the Development of Magnesium Composites and the Effect of Nanomaterials on Tribo-Mechanical Performance in Automotive Applications
Abstract: Abstract Magnesium and its alloys have emerged as promising lightweight materials for the automotive industry owing to their extremely low density, high specific strength, and potential to significantly improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Despite these advantages, the widespread structural and functional application of magnesium alloys remains limited due to inherent challenges such as insufficient mechanical strength, poor wear resistance, low hardness, and high susceptibility to tribo-corrosion under severe service …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Study of the Effect of SLS Loading on the One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted Piperidines
Abstract: Piperidine derivatives represent a vital class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with extensive pharmacological and industrial significance. Their synthesis has garnered considerable interest due to their presence in numerous bioactive molecules, including drugs with CNS activity, analgesic properties, and antimicrobial effects. Traditional multi-step synthetic pathways are often time-consuming and resource-intensive. To address this, one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as an efficient and eco-friendly alternative, allowing for the rapid construction of complex …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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AI-Assisted Conversion and Optimization of Analog-to-Digital Signal Transmission forLow-Power IoT and Edge Devices
Abstract: The booming implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing devices is requiring theimplementation of efficient signal transmission mechanisms to balance between performance and energyefficiency. The current paper introduces an AI-assisted conversion and optimization system of the analog-to-digital (A/D) signal transmission, aimed at low-power IoT and edge devices. The given strategy combines both machine learning algorithms and adaptive sampling and quantization methods to optimize the A/D conversion process in …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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From Waves to Wires: The Story of AnalogSignals
Abstract: Analog signals form the foundation of how humans originally captured, communicated, and processed information in electronic devices. Characterized by their continuous fluctuation in amplitude, frequency, and phase, these signals readily replicate real-world phenomena such as sound, light, and temperature. This article covers the history of analog signals from their roots in natural waveforms to their implementation in electrical circuits and communication systems. It addresses essential topics such waveform representation, signal …
Published in International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–49 Read article
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The Versatility of the IC 741 in Electronic Sensor System Design
Abstract: In the vast and intricate realm of electronics, few components have had as profound an impact onthe development of sensor systems as the humble IC 741. This groundbreaking device wasdesigned to provide a high degree of flexibility and reliability, making it an ideal choice for awide range of applications. The IC 741 is characterized by its high input impedance, low outputimpedance, and high gain, which allow it to amplify weak …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Predictive Maintenance of 6G Infrastructure Using Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: The transition to Sixth Generation (6G) wireless infrastructure introduces unprecedented complexity, characterized by massive densification, reliance on the Terahertz (THz) spectrum, dynamic cell topologies driven by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS), and stringent requirements for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC). Traditional reactive or fixed-schedule maintenance protocols are fundamentally inadequate for sustaining the necessary service continuity and energy efficiency in this hyper-connected, heterogeneous environment. This paper explores the critical role of Artificial Intelligence …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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AI-Optimized Reconfigurable Microstrip Bandpass Filters for DynamicSpectrum Access in 6G Networks
Abstract: The evolution toward sixth generation (6G) wireless networks introduces unprecedented demands on spectral efficiency, ultra-low latency, and real-time adaptability to dynamic radio environments. Central to this transformation is the requirement for intelligent, spectrum-agile radio front ends that can seamlessly operate across heterogeneous frequency bands. Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) addresses this challenge by enabling transceivers to autonomously detect, evaluate, and utilize the most suitable spectrum opportunities. The realization of DSA in …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 30–38 Read article
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A Case Study on Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Abstract: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) represent a diverse group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders characterized by significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advances have led to the development of a new classification system for idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, dividing them into major, rare, and unclassified groups, with a novel approach based on disease behavior. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains the most fatal ILD, demonstrating considerable clinical heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis …
Published in International Journal of Medical Surgical Nursing · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 13–20 Read article
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THE STUDY OF DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY OF NINPs-PDMS
Abstract: Nickel–polydimethylsiloxane (Ni–PDMS) nanocomposites were fabricated to investigate the influence of metallic nanoparticle loading on the dielectric behavior of flexible polymer matrices. Nickel nanoparticles with controlled size distributions were dispersed in PDMS using solution blending and curing protocols optimized to minimize agglomeration. The dielectric permittivity and loss tangent of the resulting nanocomposites were measured across a broad frequency range (typically 10²–10⁶ Hz) and at varying filler volume fractions. Results show a …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 39–50 Read article
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The Principal role of Carbon nanostructures and quantum size effect onquantum Gravity wave and Space applications
Abstract: Carbon bears several important nanostructures including carbon quantum dots, Carbon nanotube,fullerene, and Graphene. These nanomaterials are sensitive and wide area of research innanotechnology era and nanomedicine. The possibility of sensing, simulating, and performingquantum computation at nanoscale makes carbon nanostructures quit suitable in quantumteleportation, space probe studies, and artificial breathing. This research is focused on the impactof such carbon based structure and quantum size effect on the quantum gravity waves. Thus, …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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A Powerful Partnership Between Nanotechnology and IoT
Abstract: IOT has the power to transform industries and enhance people's lives. However, resolving thegrowing concerns about energy usage is necessary for its widespread adoption. Becausenanotechnology makes it possible to manufacture self-powered gadgets, low-power circuits,high-performance batteries, and sophisticated sensors, it offers a method to build an IoTecosystem that uses less energy. With thousands of devices connected and vast amounts of databeing generated, Internet of Things(IoT) is quickly changing how we live …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Processing–Structure–Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Materials
Abstract: AbstractMechanical processing is very important in modern production since it changes raw materials into usable parts with exact sizes and qualities. This article looks at the basic methods of mechanical processing, such as cutting, shaping, grinding, milling, and joining. It also talks about how important these methods are for getting things done quickly, accurately, and with the least amount of material possible. Recent advancements, including computer numerical control (CNC) machining, …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 25–34 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
Abstract: Abstract Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) combine metallic matrices with reinforcing phases (ceramics, intermetallics, fibers, or particles) to achieve superior mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties compared with monolithic metals. This review surveys fabrication routes, reinforcement types, microstructural characteristics, mechanical and tribological behavior, machining challenges, applications across aerospace, automotive, electronics, and future directions including additive manufacturing, in-situ MMCs, and data-driven materials design. Critical challenges such as interface control, scalability, cost, and machinability …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Determinants of Homeownership Satisfaction in Urban India: A Comparative Evaluation Across Housing Typologies in Lucknow
Abstract: Housing satisfaction is a multidimensional concept shaped by physical, social, psychological, neighborhood, and socio-demographic factors that collectively influence residents’ perceptions of their living environment. The habitability of a dwelling depends not only on its engineering and physical attributes but also on behavioral, cultural, interpersonal, and community characteristics. This study examines homeownership satisfaction across three major housing categories – private builder-constructed, government-constructed, and self-constructed houses – in Lucknow, India. Using an …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–26 Read article
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Carrying Capacity-Based Urban Design Framework to Tackle Overtourism in the Pilgrim Sites of India
Abstract: Overtourism has emerged as a rapidly spreading concept across tourist destinations worldwide. Pilgrim sites, such as Varanasi, Vaishno Devi, and Tirupati, have suffered from the continuous surge of visitors, especially during peak seasons or festivals, causing environmental degradation, choking crowd situations and a lower visitor experience, and decline the quality of life for the residents. This, along with poor infrastructural planning, causes a significant threat to sustainable development in the …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 18–33 Read article
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Optimizing Die Life in Hot Forging: A Comprehensive Review of Improvement Methods
Abstract: Abstract: The wear investigation on die inserts utilized in the hot forging method to create a yoke type forging—an element that makes up passenger car steering systems—is presented in this paper. In order to provide a quick and accurate wear examination of the forging tools (of complex forms), the investigation used an innovative reverse scanning technique that eliminates the need to remove the tools from the producing unit. The study …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 62–67 Read article