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7057 articles
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A Review Status on Application of Separation Techniques in Daily Life
Abstract: In chemistry and related fields, a unit operation is the basic step in a process. Unit operations involve a physical change or chemical transformation such as separation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration, polymerization, isomerization, and other reactions. Researchers have developed economic ways of using materials and energy. Chemical engineers use chemistry and engineering to turn raw materials into usable products, such as medicine, petrochemicals and plastics on a large-scale industrial setting. They …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene to dimethyl-aniline in a three-phase Reactor
Abstract: The liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene (DN) to Dimethyl-aniline (DA) was carried out in ethanol using 5% Pd/C as a catalyst. The effects of hydrogen partial pressure (400–1000 kPa), reaction temperature (343–403 ), catalyst loading (5–15 g/lit), speed of stirring range (200-800 rpm) and dimethyl-nitrobenzene concentration (0.12–0.75 mol/lit) on the hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene and the yield of Dimethyl-aniline have been studied. Dimethyl-aniline was the only reaction product, generated through the …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography - A Separation Technique in Chemical Analysis
Abstract: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a chromatographic technique used to split a mixture of compounds in the fields of analytical chemistry, biochemistry and industrial. The main purposes for using HPLC are for identifying, quantifying and purifying the individual components of the mixture. High-performance liquid chromatography or high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a chromatographic method that is used to separate a mixture of compounds in analytical chemistry and biochemistry so as …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 14–17 Read article
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Chemical Separations to Transform the Domain
Abstract: The chemical industry includes producers of industrial gases, large-volume commodity chemicals and polymers, chemical products for agricultural and medicinal uses, and performance-targeted chemical and polymer specialties. The industry produces more than 70,000 products, including raw and basic materials, intermediate materials, and finished products. The chemical industry obtains raw materials from the petroleum refining, natural gas, and mining industries, as well as from biological sources. Air emissions included 4.3 million metric …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 24–29 Read article
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A Potential Application of Nanofiltration Technology in Chemical Industry
Abstract: The upsurge in energy costs and the demands for products with larger nutritional value and of processing ways less toxic to the environment are eye-catching factors for transferring membrane processing to food industries. Nanofiltration (NF) technology is still progressing, finding more and more uses in food processing and seems as a vital alternative to conventional methods. The purpose of this review is to present the recent development and future potential …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 18–23 Read article
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ROLE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY IN OUR DAILY LIFE
Abstract: Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous substances. EPA's efforts to speed the adoption of this revolutionary and diverse discipline have led to significant environmental benefits, innovation and a strengthened economy. The beginning of green chemistry is considered as a response to the need to reduce the damage of the environment by man-made materials and the processes used to …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Synthesis, Structural and Thermal Properties of Nanoporous Silica Aerogels
Abstract: Aerogel is a pellucid that has varieties of permeable and fabricated solid materials with remarkably low density. It has an exceptional thermal insulation and its structure varies from analogous to foamed polystyrene during solid state. Aerogels are considerably the lightest when solid due to presence of air by volume, which is around 99.8%. For extracting aerogels, air or other specific types of gas are used; heat therapy is also used …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Importance of the Laws of Thermodynamics in the Field of Chemical Sciences
Abstract: The Laws of Thermodynamics are important because they control interactions of everything in the universe - regardless of scale. These rules stretch across every form of science known to humankind. Classical physics is, from a certain perspective, entirely based on Newton's Laws of motion. The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. The second law …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Thermodynamic Techniques in Food Chemistry – A Review
Abstract: The thermal activities of food strongly depend on its composition. The aims of food processing are to inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms and to sustain this condition in storage. Using calorimetric techniques, many physicochemical effects can be detected in the temperature range between -50°C and 300°C. Biophysical techniques viz., isothermal titration (ITC) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) are used to characterize the structure and properties of food materials before and …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Thermodynamic Chemistry in Dyeing of Wool: A Study on Thermodynamics Chemistry of Dyeing of Wool Products
Abstract: Dyes are synthetic aromatic compounds which can bring bright and fixed color to other materials. It is described that over 100,000 commercially accessible dyes occur and more than 7x105 metric tons of dyes are produced universal annually. When a textile fiber is dipped in a solution of dye under favorable conditions, the fiber becomes colored, the color of the solution decreases and dyeing has occurred. The wool fiber is hair …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 21–26 Read article
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AN OUTLINE OF KINETICS VERSUS THERMODYNAMICS CHEMISTRY
Abstract: Nearly all chemical reactions has a kinetic and a thermodynamic feature. The terms ‘kinetic’ and ‘thermodynamic’ though inter-related are two diverse aspects of a chemical reaction. This paper represents an outline of the underlying relationships between the two through application to chemical reactions and an example from natural processes. A required condition for thermodynamic control is reversibility or a mechanism allowing the equilibration between products. In this manner, the thermodynamically …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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A Study of Thermodynamics of Ligand - Receptor Interaction in Chemical Sciences
Abstract: The formation and separation of definite non-covalent interactions between varieties of macromolecules play a crucial role in the function of biological systems. During the last few years, three main lines of research led to a dramatic improvement of our understanding of these important phenomena. First, combination of genetic engineering and X ray crystallography made available a simultaneous knowledge of the precise structure and affinity of series or related ligand-receptor systems …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 12–16 Read article
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Experimental Study on Scour Around T-Head Groynes in Open Channel
Abstract: Groynes are the river training structures which are used extensively in anti-erosion activities. An experimental investigation of scouring around the groynes in an open channel is presented in this paper and an attempt to analyze the behavior of T-shaped groynes in terms of its applicability in alluvial channels was made. Tests were conducted by varying the symmetry of flange in three different manners (symmetric, larger flange in upstream and downstream …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 33–39 Read article
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Estimation and Comparison of Depth of Scouring Around Straight Partially Submerged Impermeable Groynes Aligned at Different Angles
Abstract: Groynes are the part of river training structures which are constructed to reduce the sediment load, protection of the banks from erosion and deflect the flow of river in a determined direction to avoid the meandering of the rivers. While protecting the banks of river from erosion, the foundation of the groynes experience severe scouring that leads to the structural collapse of the groynes which may results in loss of …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 17–32 Read article
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Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict Reservoir Storage
Abstract: The rapid growth in population increases water demand thus resulting in scarcity of water which is due to improper management rather than lack of resources. Reservoir is the most important source for surface water. So, reservoir storage plays a crucial role in efficient reservoir management. Artificial neural network (ANN) is capable of simulating reservoir storage capacity. So, in present work cascade forward back propagation and feed forward back propagation network …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Managing Complexity of City Growth in India – A Planner’s Dilemma (Draft)
Abstract: Indian cities are experiencing accelerated suburbanization with increasing informality and declining accessibility. To address the inadequacies in prevailing planning practice, the paper explores the applicability of complexity theory based planning principles and adaptive management in the Indian context. Under the suggested paradigm private agents are free to self-organize within a framework based codes to manage negative externalities and interferences between buildings and city elements. Whereas, public agents remain responsible for …
Published in International Journal of Town Planning and Management · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Water – Through the Windows of Indian Traditions
Abstract: Indian Traditions believe that God always play where water exists. Hindu Temples are recommended at river banks, lakes, Sangams, seashores, etc. Kunds, baolis, Sarovars, Kalyanis are meant to be sacred water bodies which in addition to religious beliefs were used for aesthetics, recreational and harvesting purposes. Old structures were the strong support systems during the times when modern infrastructural marvels had no existence and were more efficient in managing the …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 1–20 Read article
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The Effect of Air Bubbles Injection into a Shell and Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger: A Review
Abstract: In present study, a shell and coiled tube heat exchanger has been mathematically studied. The helically coiled tube and the effects of on thermal characteristics of heat exchanger will be proposed in this study. CFD analysis on ANSYS software will be performed. Shell tube carrying cold water, helical coil containing hot water and U shaped hollow pipe carries air. Thermal properties and its effect has been considered in the study.
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 34–42 Read article
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CFD Analysis of Earth Heat Exchanger with Air as a Cooling Medium
Abstract: An earth air tube heat exchanger (EATHE) uses the thermal energy of the ground for the air cooling in summer and air heating in winter due to the temperature difference between the air and underground surface. With the help of EATHE we can reduce the energy consumption required for space heating or cooling. However, for determining the surface heat convection, due to lack of available methods it is difficult to …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 21–30 Read article
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Selection Criteria for a CAD System
Abstract: Computer aided design has become an important part of inventions and innovations these days. They help to accelerate and advance the development process. Today, in market, there are many CAD systems available on the basis of their functions and properties. Therefore, it becomes difficult to choose a CAD system for a particular job. This article is related to selection of appropriate CAD system for a job focusing on all influences …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 31–33 Read article