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890 articles for “activity”
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Mechanical Studies and Thermal Kinetics of Isoniazid Crystals
Abstract: Single crystals of isoniazid were crystallized by slow solvent evaporation method. The crystal structure was confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Micro hardness was estimated and work hardening coefficient and Newtonian resistance pressure of the crystal were determined. Kinetic analysis of the thermogravimetric data was carried out by using Coats-Redfern relation. Activation energy, frequency factor and order of reaction were also calculated. Arrhenius equation for isoniazid is k=0.43×105e–79103/RT mol–1s–1. …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015 Read article
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EFFECTS OF THE LABORATORY ASSISTED LECTURE METHODS ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF GRADE 8 STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY SUBJECT IN FINOTE SELAM WOREDA, AMHARA REGION
Abstract: In Science education, laboratories are considerably important because they provide the opportunity for students to perform various hands-on activities. The aim of this study was to examine the comparative effects of the laboratory assisted and lecture methods on primary school students’ achievements in chemistry subject. With this aim, four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. Sixty six (66) students (12 male and 11 female in the experimental group …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Synthetic Studies on Fused Benzodiazepines: A Class of Medicinally Privileged Heterocycles
Abstract: 1,4-Benzodiazepine is an important nitrogen heterocyclic scaffold because of its presence in various natural products, drugs and biologically active molecules. Henceforth, it is also known as privileged heterocycle in the field of medicinal to synthetic organic chemistry. Reactions towards the synthesis of five- and six- membered heterocycles are very easy and facile. On the other hand, synthesis of medium ring heterocycles is more difficult because of the thermodynamic limitations. Thus …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 44–59 Read article
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Investigation into the Kinetics of Biodegradation of Crude Oil Hydrocarbon in Different Soil Types Using Aloe Vera
Abstract: A pilot study was conducted on three different soil type contaminated with crude oil bio-simulated with Aloe vera juice to examine the effect of the stimulant on the rate of degradation of the crude oil by the indigenous microbes. Soil contaminated with crude is deficient of the essential nutrients which are needed to boast the activities of the microbes which feed on the crude. These nutrients are found in Aloe …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 10–21 Read article
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Spectrophtometric Study of Catalysed Oxidation of Some Cyclic Alcohols by N-bromophthalimide
Abstract: The spectrophotometric kinetic investigation of cyclohexanol and cycloheptanol catalysed by Keggin type anion [PW12O40]3- with N-bromophthalimide have been carried out in 30% acetic acid medium in absence of mercuric(II) acetate and in presence of sulphuric acid. The observed kinetic data was used for the justification of Beer-Lambert law. The reactions follow a fractional-order with respect to cyclic alcohols, PTA catalyst and first-order with respect to oxidant NBP. The added H+ …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 44–50 Read article
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Predictive Modelling of a Bioreactor for the Production of Ethanol Using Palmwine
Abstract: This research focuses on the feasibility of biochemical technology with yeast cells (Sacccharomycees cerevisiae) for continuous ethanol production from palm wine. This was carried out in a non-isothermal batch reactor at constant room temperature. 1.5L of palm wine solution was reacted with dry active baker’s yeast until reaction was completed. Biomass, ethanol and glucose concentration were sampled every two hours, and kinetic rate parameters for the fermentation calculated using concentration/time …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Synthesis of Different types of Heterocycles are used by Claisen rearrangement reaction
Abstract: The Claisen rearrangement is a powerful tool for carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction which was discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen. The discovery of the Claisen rearrangement nearly a century ago accessible a potentially useful synthetic tool to the organic chemist. Utility of this rearrangement over the decades has been realized and the reaction has drawn the consideration of numerous research groups, which has been showed in the number of publication on the …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 44–48 Read article
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Green Synthesis of Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of Bis(Imine) Schiff base Derived from o-vanilline and m-phenylenediamine.
Abstract: The synthesis of Schiff base ligand derived from aromatic aldehyde (o-vanillin) and m-phenylenediamine via liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis (LAG) in the presence of small amount of dimethylformamide were reported. The Schiff base complexes of Ni(II) and Zn(II) were also synthesized mechanochemically and characterized using infra-red spectroscopy, thermogrametric analysis, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, powder x-ray diffraction, UV-Visible analysis, conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility measurement and CHN, micro-analysis. Infrared spectral study indicated a strong …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 31–43 Read article
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Aerogel from Ceramic Composite
Abstract: This article is written from conferred articulated forms of aerogel. Sol-gel is a usual method toprepare aerogel. Compromise of inherent fragile mater under extensive moisture absorption tendencyof silica network has mitigated after inclusive of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)molecule. Long term applicability of silica aerogel has cited to confer superhydrophobic and flexibleconfigure based on synthesis by the catalysed sol-gel process; in accord of usual two-step method ofacid activation followed by basic …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Design of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor for Acetic Acid Production Using Homogeneous Catalyzed Reaction
Abstract: The carbonylation of methanol to give acetic acid is one of the most important homogeneously catalyzed industrial processes. Detailed work has been carried out by researchers on its kinetic study and attempt to increase the activity of the catalyst. In this work attention is focused on the design of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the production of 210, 000 tons per year of acetic acid. At a maximum …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 17–38 Read article
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Review on Azomethine-Compounds with Their Applications
Abstract: Azomethine derivatives are very important and the initiating compound for most synthetic chemistrycompounds in all their fields. Since R, R1 is an alkyl or aryl group, the first to prepare and isolate itwas the German scientist Hugo Schiff in 1864 from the condensation of the carbonyl group (aldehyde,ketone) with a primary amine compound (aliphatic, aromatic). During the past few decades there hasbeen great interest in Schiff base compounds. The rules …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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SYNTHESIS OF NICOTINE CORE UNIT OF 2-NITRO-3-PHENYLPROPAN-1-OL FROM BAYLIS-HILLMAN ADDUCTS DERIVED FROM NITRO OLEFINS.
Abstract: The Baylis-Hillman adducts derived from nitroolefins have been conveniently transformed into 2- nitro-3-phenylpropan-1-ol via simple reaction condition. These compounds have been demonstrated for the synthesis of reduction olefin is highly biological reactive compounds. This novel nitro derivative of the BH adduct was simply treated with mole percentage of iron and acetic acid in reactive condition. Hence this novel nicotine core unit compounds were very intrusting and new opportunities for the …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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Advance in the Synthesis of Oxadiazole Based Heterocyclic Compound
Abstract: The five members of the heterocyclic ring 1,3,4-oxadiazole are necessary for the production of strong bioactive molecules. Numerous pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, anti-HIV, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant qualities, are exhibited by this intriguing class of chemicals. We have created four novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds in the continuing study, which are sourced from the NSAID Ibuprofen. Melting point analysis and TLC were used to verify the compounds' purity. Open …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 10–15 Read article
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Valorization of agro-industrial waste into bioethanol: a case of brewers spent grain
Abstract: AbstractThe global impetus to produce alternatives to petroleum-based fuels and value-added chemicals to reduce greenhouse gases are putting pressure on the industries to diversify and valorize byproducts. By-products valorization of the brewery industry such as spent grain has given critical attention for long-term socio-economic and environmental benefits. Brewer`s spent grain is the major by-product of the brewing industry, represses around 85% of the total by-product generated. In the current work, …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–20 Read article
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Enhanced Recovery by Hydrotropes in Oxidized Coal Flotation
Abstract: AbstractSo far flotation proved its best in improving the concentration of low grade fines by recovering the maximum with the use of advanced flotation reagents. In this context we propose the process optimization with the use of hydrotropes as activators in the coal flotation process. It is observed that sodium benzoate a known hydrotrope helped in increasing the recovery of the concentrate percent from 12.8% at plant condition to 31% …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 19–23 Read article
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Catalytic Steam recycle of Bio-Oil Produces Hydrogen
Abstract: The "water-gas shift reaction" is a process that combines the vapour and carbon monoxide to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen.Steam reforming of actual bio-oil is a more realisticmethod for producing H2 despite substantial research on the heat reform of model compounds (such as ethanol). With a focus on the creation of catalysts for the procedure, this paper covers current developments in the steam reforming of actual bio-oil. Given its …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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The decomposition of tris-(oxalato)-manganate (III) complex ion as the reaction suitable for the laboratory practice on chemical kinetics
Abstract: The complex ion [Mn(C2O4)3]3- is very photosensitive and rapidly decomposes at the daylight even at ambient temperatures. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, its kinetic equation obeys the pseudo-first order. In addition, the tris-(oxalate)-manganate ion has a low thermal stability, and the reaction of its decomposition is highly affected by temperature. This makes this reaction very suitable for demonstrating the laws of chemical kinetics to the students – …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics: An Overview
Abstract: Almost every chemical reaction has a kinetic and a thermodynamic aspect. The terms ‘kinetic’ and ‘thermodynamic’ though inter-related are two different facets of a chemical reaction. Here is an overview of the underlying relationships between the two through application to chemical reactions and an example from natural processes. Keywords: activation energy, chemical reaction, kinetic, reactant, thermodynamics
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 25–27 Read article
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Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Oxidation of Benzydamine Hydrochloride by Permanganate (VII) in Acidic Medium
Abstract: The kinetics and mechanism of Permanganate (Mn (VII)) oxidation of Benzydamine hydrochloride (B.HCl) in acidic medium has been studied at 26 ± 0.1°C. The reaction shows first order dependence in [Mn (VII)], less than unit order in [B.HCl] and fractional order dependence in [H2SO4]. Variation of ionic strength by the addition of KCl has no significant effect on the rate. The stoichiometry of the reaction is found to be 1:4 …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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AN OUTLINE OF KINETICS VERSUS THERMODYNAMICS CHEMISTRY
Abstract: Nearly all chemical reactions has a kinetic and a thermodynamic feature. The terms ‘kinetic’ and ‘thermodynamic’ though inter-related are two diverse aspects of a chemical reaction. This paper represents an outline of the underlying relationships between the two through application to chemical reactions and an example from natural processes. A required condition for thermodynamic control is reversibility or a mechanism allowing the equilibration between products. In this manner, the thermodynamically …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 17–20 Read article