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2000 articles for “PLA” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Reactive Separation for Biodiesel Purification Using Hybrid Membrane Systems
Abstract: Biodiesel produced through transesterification typically contains several impurities, including residual glycerol, unreacted methanol, soaps, water and homogeneous catalysts, all of which reduce fuel quality and hinder compliance with EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. Conventional purification techniques such as water washing, centrifugation and vacuum distillation are energy-intensive, generate large volumes of wastewater and often fail to efficiently remove polar contaminants. To overcome these limitations, this study examines a reactive separation …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 17–30 Read article
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Brown Onion Oil Characteristics of Medicinal Integrity byLooking at the Extraction Operating Conditions
Abstract: New forms of disease are increasingly affecting people living in today’s highly pressure environment, and these diseases are less responsive to conventional treatments. Aromatic plants and species are used for thousands of years for many purposes, such as medicine, perfumes and cosmetics, as well as in the food industry for culinary and medicinal uses. The brown onion shows the following physic and chemical properties as determined experimentally as Refractive index …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–51 Read article
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Predicting User Engagement on Social Media: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning-based Modeling Approaches
Abstract: Abstract Even while mobile social apps are becoming more and more important in people's daily lives, little is known about the elements that motivate users to interact with these apps. The goal of this work is to analyze and define the transition patterns of individual users' in-app actions as a temporally changing action graph. According to our investigation, action graphs are a useful tool for characterizing user behaviour patterns and …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–62 Read article
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How Heavy Metal Minerals Affect the Quality of Soil and Groundwater
Abstract: Heavy metal minerals polluting soil and groundwater is becoming a major environmental issue because these components are not biodegradable and last a long time. This study examines the degree to which heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr), affect the chemical and physical characteristics of soil and groundwater in regions impacted by industrial, agricultural, and mining operations. Soil and water samples were obtained …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–20 Read article
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The Historical and Architectural Importance of Buckingham Palace
Abstract: Buckingham Palace is a timeless icon of British history, the monarchy, and great architecture. This article examines the Palace’s history, cultural significance, and artistic beauty – from its origins as a small townhouse to its status as the official home of the British monarch. The essay shows how Buckingham Palace represents national identity and royal history by looking closely at its neoclassical architecture, lavish interiors, and ceremonial activities. It also …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Optimization of Pulse Current TIG Welding Parameters for Enhanced Performance of CompositeAluminum Alloy Joints
Abstract: Abstract Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is highly regarded as the primary welding method, especially for challenging metals like aluminum. Pulsed current TIG welding has been specifically developed for welding aluminum alloys. Composite weld joints of aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6063 find extensive use in diverse sectors, such as automotive and marine applications, where significant mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are required. It is crucial to carefully select the process …
Published in International Journal of Mechanics and Design · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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STRATEGIES FOR SMOOTH TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Abstract: Abstract - Pune, one of India’s fastest-growing metropolitan cities, faces severe traffic congestion due to rapid urbanization, increasing vehicular density, and inadequate transport infrastructure. This research paper explores the challenges associated with traffic management in Pune and evaluates existing solutions implemented by local authorities. Through case studies of critical traffic zones such as Katraj, Nal Stop, Warje, and Hadapsar Road, we identify key congestion factors, including poor road design, improper …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 19–24 Read article
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Application of Total Quality Management & Retrofitting Techniques for Rehabilitation (By using Carbon Fiber Method)
Abstract: Abstract— The report focuses on the Application of Total Quality Management (TQM) and Retrofitting Techniques for Rehabilitation in construction projects. The aim is to extend the lifespan of aging structures, ensure safety, and improve performance through systematic approaches. TQM provides a framework for continuous improvement and customer satisfaction, ensuring that rehabilitation projects meet modern standards. Various retrofitting techniques, such as seismic retrofitting, structural strengthening, and energy efficiency upgrades, are employed …
Published in International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Investigation of Seismic Pounding Effect on Symmetric 10 Storey Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using SAP2000
Abstract: ABSTRACT Earthquakes have historically been responsible for significant structural failures, often resulting in substantial economic losses and endangering human lives. One notable failure mechanism observed during seismic activity is seismic pounding, which occurs when adjacent buildings collide due to insufficient separation gaps. This phenomenon is particularly concerning in densely populated urban areas where space constraints often prevent the provision of adequate clearances between structures. Such impacts can lead to severe …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 32–42 Read article
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ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH DIFFERENT OUTRIGGER SYSTEM AND LOCATIONS
Abstract: ABSTRACT- Designing and constructing high-rise buildings requires structural systems that can efficiently resist lateral forces caused by wind and seismic activity. Outrigger systems are commonly used in tall structures to increase lateral stiffness, minimize building drift, and better use structural materials. This research examines the performance of multi-storey buildings incorporating various outrigger configurations, including traditional outriggers, belt trusses, deep beams, and shear wall systems. A response spectrum analysis is carried …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Pyramids of Egypt
Abstract: The Egyptian pyramids, notably those at Giza, are iconic icons of ancient civilisation and architecture. The Egyptian pyramids’ construction, religious purpose, and legacy are examined in this article via historical, cultural, and technological lenses. It traces the development of pyramid architecture from stepped to smooth-sided marvels in the Old Kingdom, particularly under the Fourth Dynasty. Archaeological and scholarly perspectives examine the pyramids’ royal tomb role, alignment with celestial bodies, and …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 21–30 Read article
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BEHAVIORAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS DURING MAINSHOCK–AFTERSHOCK EARTHQUAKES
Abstract: ABSTRACT - Earthquakes are among most destructive natural hazards, often causing widespread damage to buildings and vital infrastructure. The extent of this damage depends on various factors, one of which is the nature of fault movement. The point of initial rupture beneath the Earth’s surface is known as the hypocenter or focus. Seismic activity can be broadly divided into two categories: mainshocks and aftershocks. While the mainshock generally causes the …
Published in International Journal of Concrete Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–14 Read article
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Cognitive Metallurgy: A Study on Microstructure and Energy Efficiency in High-Temperature Alloying via Sensor Fusion and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Abstract: Background Traditional high-temperature metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting and specialty alloy synthesis, are characterized by high energy consumption, stochastic variability, and reliance on post-process defect inspection. The inability to precisely monitor, model, and predict the real-time thermal, chemical, and mechanical state of molten metal and cooling substrates results in significant material waste and inconsistent microstructural integrity. Methodology This study introduces a novel framework for Cognitive Metallurgy utilizing an integrated …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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Exploring Antiviral Organic Compounds
Abstract: Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections [1]. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses [2]. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies [3, 4] Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Study of Recyclable Thermoset Polymers Using Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Abstract: Thermoset polymers are widely used in advanced engineering applications due to their excellent mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and chemical stability. However, their permanent three-dimensional cross-linked networks make them traditionally non-recyclable, contributing significantly to polymer waste and environmental challenges. In recent years, dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) has emerged as a transformative approach for designing recyclable thermoset materials by incorporating reversible and exchangeable bonds within their structure. This project focuses on the …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Experimental Study on Charging Conditions of a Single Component DDT Detonator Using Nickel Hydrazine Nitrate
Abstract: As a salt of a coordination compound of nickel, nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN) is an energetic substance with characteristics halfway between those of primary and secondary explosives. It is less sensitive to friction and mechanical impact than other primary explosives, although it is highly sensitive to flames. NHN is not very dangerous to handle, but it explodes readily when exposed to flame. This property makes it possible to fabricate safety …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Improved Programming Model Using AI: Shifting from Imperative Coding to Declarative Intent
Abstract: The contemporary software development lifecycle is burdened by significant cognitive friction, characterized by high demands for syntax recall, boilerplate management, and painstaking manual debugging. This paper proposes and examines a novel programming model built upon deeply embedded artificial intelligence, moving beyond simple code completion tools to establish a truly intent-based, declarative development environment. The proposed model leverages specialized large language models and domain-specific generative agents (Cognitive Programming Assistants, or CPAs) …
Published in International Journal of Software Computing and Testing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Non-Equilibrium Entropy Pathways in Complex Fluids: A New Framework for Thermodynamic Irreversibility
Abstract: When a system is driven, sheared, stretched, heated, or pressurized under varying thermodynamic gradients and kept away from equilibrium, ultra-microscopic rearrangements begin to occur, indicating continuous energy dissipation. Along these energy pathways, the microstructures of complex fluids undergo multiple stages of reforming and rearrangement. In complex fluids composed of identical compounds (chemically identical species), these interactions play a supportive role and reduce the overall entropy of the system. However, when …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Aluminum Alloy as Sacrificial Anode for Corrosion Protection: A Review
Abstract: Aluminum sacrificial anodes are widely used for cathodic protection in marine, offshore, and energy applications due to their light weight, high current efficiency, and favorable electrochemical potential. Pure aluminum, however, rapidly passivates in seawater, reducing protective performance. Alloying with elements, such as zinc, indium, gallium, tin, and bismuth, improves activation, ensures uniform dissolution, and stabilizes long-term behavior. This review examines the influence of alloying elements on electrochemical performance, microstructure, and …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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A Critical Study of Virtualization Technologies for Design of Web 3.0 Applications
Abstract: Web 3.0 represents a paradigm shift toward decentralized, user-centric internet applications built on blockchain technology, semantic web principles, and distributed systems. Virtualization technologies play a crucial role in enabling the infrastructure, scalability, and resource management required for Web 3.0 applications. This review article critically examines the intersection of virtualization technologies and Web 3.0 application design, exploring how containerization, virtual machines, serverless computing, and network virtualization facilitate decentralized architectures. We analyze …
Published in International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–12 Read article