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627 articles for “limitations”
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Transportable Water and Air Quality Monitoring Equipment Karishma
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide a broad summary of recent discoveries, identify important constraints, and suggest future lines of inquiry. In recent years, pollution has surpassed the environment's bearing capacity. There hasn't been much progress despite the installation of multiple pollution-control initiatives. Natural resources are occasionally exploited by unavoidable waste discharges, despite our government's best attempts to safeguard them. For instance, the water-intensive and polluting sectors of …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Microelectronics: Reach, Functions, and Worldwide Effects
Abstract: Microelectronics has changed modern life by making it possible to make small, powerful, and efficient electronic systems. This article looks at the basic ideas behind microelectronics, with a focus on how to design and make integrated circuits and semiconductor devices that power the technologies we use every day. It also highlights how crucial advanced lithographic methods and fabrication techniques are for attaining high precision and scalability in the contemporary production …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 33–46 Read article
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An Energy-Efficient CMOS Analog Front-End for Wearable Biomedical Monitoring Applications
Abstract: Because wearable biomedical monitoring technologies allow for continuous, real-time, and remote measurement of physiological parameters, they are quickly becoming a key component of contemporary healthcare. These systems place stringent demands on the analog front-end (AFE), which must accurately acquire and condition extremely low-amplitude biopotential signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and electromyogram (EMG) while operating under severe power and size constraints. This paper presents the design and simulation of …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Energy Transition for Sustainable Development in Saudi Arabia: Renewable Energy Growth and Emission Reduction
Abstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is undergoing a major shift toward sustainability under Vision 2030, targeting 58.7 GW of renewable energy (RE) by 2030 and major green hydrogen projects, such as NEOM’s 4 GW plant, to cut oil use by 500,000 barrels daily and achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of KSA’s energy transition, assessing the energy landscape, RE development, environmental impacts, and climate …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–70 Read article
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Performance Evaluation of EV Charging Station with Bidirectional Power Flow for Grid Support Applications
Abstract: The swift increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) brings considerable prospects and difficulties for contemporary power distribution networks. This paper presents the performance evaluation of a 20 kW bidirectional EV charging station designed to facilitate both Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) power flow for enhanced smart grid support applications. The proposed topology integrates an AC/DC bidirectional converter interfaced to the 415 V, 50 Hz three-phase utility grid through …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–28 Read article
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Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based MPPT for PV Systems Under Partial Shading: A Hybrid Metaheuristic-Optimized Control Framework.
Abstract: Partial shade and quickly changing environmental conditions make Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) arrays particularly difficult. In these situations, traditional algorithms frequently fail to find the global optimum or experience sluggish convergence and steady-state oscillations. To obtain reliable, real-time MPPT under non-uniform irradiance, this research suggests a hybrid control architecture that combines a deep recurrent reinforcement learning (DRL) agent with metaheuristic-based parameter optimization and a digital-twin training …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 35–46 Read article
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The Cellphone Communication Crisis: Lost Signals, Dropped Calls
Abstract: Cellular communication is becoming an important feature of modern life offering immediate connectivity for personal, commercial and emergency communications. But poor network performance, lost calls, weak signals and limited coverage continue to be serious concerns for users around the world. The essay addresses the emerging crisis in cellular communication by assessing the main reasons for connectivity problems, such as network congestion, inadequate infrastructure, geographical obstacles, and technology constraints. The rapid …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 49–53 Read article
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Design and Simulation of Compact Microstrip Patch Antennas for 5G Applications
Abstract: The rapid growth of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems has created significant demand for compact, high-gain, low-profile, and energy-efficient antenna technologies. Microstrip patch antennas have emerged as one of the most suitable antenna structures for 5G applications because of their lightweight design, low fabrication cost, compact size, ease of integration, and compatibility with modern wireless devices. However, conventional microstrip patch antennas suffer from limitations such as narrow bandwidth, low gain, …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–16 Read article
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Combating Deepfakes and AI-Generated Misinformation: Towards a Digital Likeness and Integrity Framework for India
Abstract: The real struggle is to distinguish what is real and what is fake in the communication of the hyper-digitalized age, in which AI and generative technologies significantly impact the field of communication. The change in the creation and consumption of information has come with the deepfake AI-generated fake media that can imitate a human in voice, image, and video. However, on the one hand, generative models such as Generative Adversarial …
Published in International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–20 Read article
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Effectiveness of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by airflow limitation, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has emerged as a cornerstone non-pharmacological intervention aimed at improving functional capacity and overall well-being in COPD patients. This article evaluates the effectiveness of PR programmes on functional capacity, particularly focusing on exercise tolerance, dyspnea, and quality of life outcomes. Evidence from recent randomized controlled …
Published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 2–12 Read article
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Data-Driven Multiscale Design of Nanostructured Composite Materials for Sustainable Engineering Applications.
Abstract: The increasing demand for high-performance, lightweight, and environmentally sustainable materials has accelerated the advancement of nanostructured composite systems in modern engineering. This study develops a comprehensive data-driven framework for the multiscale design and optimization of nanostructured composite materials, with emphasis on the interaction between structure–property relationships across nano-, micro-, and macro-scales. By integrating hybridization strategies with intelligent manufacturing techniques—such as machine learning-assisted modeling and additive fabrication—the research addresses critical limitations …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 48–58 Read article
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Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite: A Biomimetic Revolution in Enamel Regeneration and Remineralization
Abstract: Background Dental caries and erosive enamel wear remain among the most common chronic conditions worldwide, affecting more than 2 billion people and contributing to pain, tooth loss, and substantial economic costs. Conventional fluoridebased strategies reduce demineralization but do not fully restore enamel microstructure. Source and selection of data We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for in vitro, in situ, and clinical studies on nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) used for enamel …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Stem Cell and Cloning Technologies in Livestock Improvement: Advances, Applications, and Future Prospects for Sustainable Animal Production and Genetic Improvement
Abstract: Stem cell and cloning technologies have emerged as transformative tools for livestock improvement, enabling rapid genetic advancement, conservation of elite or endangered breeds, and development of animals with desirable production and health traits. Stem cells, including embryonic, adult, and induced pluripotent types, offer unparalleled potential due to their self-renewal, differentiation capacity, and versatility for genetic modification. Cloning technologies, particularly somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryo splitting, allow replication of superior …
Published in International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–53 Read article
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Animal Biotechnology: Finding a Balance Between New Ideas and Morality
Abstract: Animal biotechnology has become a revolutionary subject that combines genetics,farming, and medicine. It offers new ways to solve global problems like food security,disease management, and drug manufacture. Scientists have used geneticengineering, cloning, transgenesis, and genome editing to make livestock moreproductive, generate animals that are immune to disease, and make useful scientificmodels. Transgenic animals are also being utilised more and more to maketherapeutic proteins and help with research on organ transplants.Animal …
Published in International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Enhancing the strength and flexibility of crowns and bridges: advances in materials, design, and nanotechnology.
Abstract: The continuous advancement in restorative dentistry has led to the integration of nanotechnology in the fabrication of crowns and bridges, significantly enhancing their mechanical and functional performance. Nano-enhanced materials, including nanoparticle-reinforced resin matrices, nanostructured ceramics, and nano-modified adhesive systems, demonstrate superior properties compared to conventional materials. These improvements are largely attributed to the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, which enhances filler–matrix bonding, increases surface interaction, and reduces microstructural defects, resulting in …
Published in International journal of Nanobiotechnology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 34–42 Read article
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Psychological Impacts of Built Environments in Varied Office Types: A Survey–Literature Comparative Analysis
Abstract: Modern workplaces are no longer just places to sit and work – they are environments that shape how people think, feel, and perform every single day. A well-designed office can energize, calm, or motivate its users, while a poorly designed one can quietly drain their focus and well-being. This study examines how lighting, ventilation, acoustics, privacy, greenery, and spatial layout influence the psychological experience of office users. Insights from 20 …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 52–61 Read article
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Demographic Determinants of Investment Behavior Among Farmers: Evidence from Saurashtra Region
Abstract: Understanding how farmers make investment decisions is particularly important in regions where agriculture serves as the main source of livelihood. In areas, such as the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, farmers often deal with uncertain income due to factors like changing weather conditions, price fluctuations, and rising input costs. In such situations, the way they manage and invest their savings becomes an important part of their financial security. The present study …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–45 Read article
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Nanotechnology-Enabled Non-Invasive Teeth Whitening: Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Perspectives with a Focus on India, Asia, and Developed Countries
Abstract: Demand for tooth whitening is growing worldwide, but conventional peroxide-based bleaching is associated with dentin hypersensitivity, enamel softening, and soft tissue irritation, especially under repeated or high-concentration use. Nanotechnology offers a new class of non-invasive whitening strategies that aim to combine esthetic improvement with enamel protection and remineralization. Among these, nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) toothpastes and gels have the most advanced evidence base; in vitro and in situ studies indicate that nanoHAP …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Low-Cost FDM-Printed Microfluidic Droplet Generators with Vertical Flow-Focusing Channels
Abstract: *Author for CorrespondenceL. K. NarangammanaE-mail: [email protected] Low-cost fabrication methods are now essential for expanding access to microfluidic technologies in biological and laboratory applications. In this work, we present a fused deposition modeling (FDM) based approach for the rapid fabrication of monolithic microfluidic droplet generators incorporating several T-junction and specific flow-focusing geometries, including a novel vertical channel configuration. All devices were fabricated without post-processing or bonding, demonstrating a simple and cost-effective …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 30–46 Read article
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Design Strategies for Future Ready Residential Buildings: A Case for Dehradun
Abstract: Dehradun, a city in foothills of Himalayas, is experiencing rapid urbanization and lifestyle shifts. Since it is the capital city of Uttarakhand, these changes are reshaping housing patterns and creating pressing challenges for architects to design spaces that can accommodate evolving user needs. This research aims to investigate how residential spaces in Dehradun have transformed over time, and how architects can design flexible, future-ready homes that anticipate long-term changes in …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 33–43 Read article