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By: Hashimu Adamu, Abdulwadud Yusuf Abdulkarim, Abdulafeez Olayinka Akorede, and Oluwafunto Oyinkan Ilemore.
Lecturer II, Department of Chemical Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Rafin Kura, Nigeria.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Assistant Lecturer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Rafin Kura, Nigeria.
Lecturer II, Department of Chemical Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Rafin Kura, Nigeria.
Heavy metal release into the environment by industrial activities has become a persistent problem,
with these contaminants continually increasing in concentration. Heavy metals not only circulate
through ecosystems but also accumulate in organisms over time, which elevates their toxic effects
along the food chain. This research was conducted to explore the efficiency of biosorption in
removing lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions using water hyacinth powder modified with
hexadecyltriammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br), a cationic surfactant. The study examined the effect of
critical variables including temperature, contact time, pH, and biosorbent dosage, all within
controlled batch adsorption settings. The findings demonstrated that an optimal biomass dosage of
2.5 g at a pH of 7.0, contact time of 40 minutes, and temperature of 24°C achieved a remarkable lead
(II) ion uptake efficiency of 99.86%, based on an initial concentration of 695 mg/L. Among the
adsorption isotherm models tested, the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit with an R2-
value of 0.991, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Furthermore, the adsorption process was found to
be reversible, as indicated by an RL-value of 0.045, and the calculated free sorption energy of 18.26
kJ/mol confirmed the chemisorption nature of the process. The adsorption kinetics were consistent
with a pseudo-second-order model, with an impressive R2-value of 0.999, highlighting the process’s
efficiency and potential for practical applications in heavy metal remediation.
Citation:
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