This study investigates the in vitro culture and water stress tolerance of Musa paradisiaca L. (Banana) using a systematic approach to explant preparation, sterilization, media preparation, and stress induction. Banana explants were sourced locally and treated to ensure aseptic conditions. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, enriched with essential nutrients, vitamins, and plant growth hormones (IAA and BAP), served as the base for culturing. The study applied Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) as a water stress inducer, which effectively reduced osmotic potential without being metabolized by plants, enabling the discrimination of tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Parameters, such as growth reduction were assessed to evaluate plant responses under controlled environmental conditions. The findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of water stress tolerance and provide insights into improving banana cultivation under adverse conditions.

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1. Thomas DS, Turner DW. Leaf gas exchange of droughted and irrigated banana cv. Williams (Musa spp.) growing in hot, arid conditions. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol. 1998;73:419–429.
2. Stover RH. Banana, Plantain and abaca diseases. Kew, England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute; 1972.
3. Mir RR, Zaman-Allah M, Sreenivasulu N, Trethowan R, Varshney RK. Integrated genomics, physiology and breeding approaches for improving drought tolerance in crops. Theory Appl Genetics. 2012.
4. R Kumar, MK Berwal, PL Saroj. Morphological, Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Facet of Drought Stress in Horticultural Crops. Bikaner, Rajasthan, India: ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture; 2019. (334 006).
5. Adriadna Souza Santos, Edson Perito AmorimI, Claudia Fortes FerreiraI, Carlos Priminho Pirovani. Water stress in Musa spp: A systematic review. Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil: . Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhe´us, Bahia, Brazil, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura; 2018.
6. Feng RJ, Lu LF, Yuan KH, Cheng P, Zhang LL, Qi JF, et al. Cloning and expression analysis of rubredoxin from cold-treated banana leaves. Phyton-Revista Internacional de Botanica Experimental. 2015;79:163.
7. Cao X, Jiang F, Wang X, Zang Y, Wu Z. Comprehensive evaluation and screening for chilling-tolerance in tomato lines at the seedling stage. Euphytica. 2015;205:569.
8. Bo W, Fu B, Qin G, Xing G, Wang Y. Evaluation of drought resistance in Iris germanica L. based on subordination function and principal component analysis. Emirates J Food Agric. 2017; 29:770–778.
9. Cheng HY, Song SQ. Species and organ diversity in the effects of hydrogen peroxide on superoxide dismutase activity in vitro. J Integr Plant Biol. 2006;48:672–678.
10. Mahajan S, Tuteja N. Cold, salinity and drought stress: An overview. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005;444:139–158.
11. Suzuki N, Koussevitzky S, Mittler RON, Miller GAD. ROS and redox signaling in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Plant, Cell & Environ. 2012; 35:259–270.
12. Robinson JC, Saúco VG. Bananas and plantains. Cabi; 2010.
13. Simmonds NW. The Evolution of the Bananas. 1962; Vol. 19.
14. Stover RH, Simmonds NW. Bananas. 3rd ed. London: Longrnans; 1987. pp. 27–45.
15. Ravi I, Mustaffa MM. Impact, adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate resilient banana production. Climate-Resilient Horticulture: Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies. India: Springer; 2013. pp. 45–52.
16. Chen JY, He LH, Jiang YM, Wang Y, Joyce DC, Ji ZL, et al. Role of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in heat pretreatment-induced chilling tolerance in banana fruit. Physiologia Plantarum. 2008;132: 318–328.
17. Turner DW. Bananas-response to temperature. Australia Ag fact: NSW Agriculture; 2003.
18. Stohs SJ, Bagchi D, Hassoun E, Bagchi M. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of chromium and cadmium ions. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 2000;19:201–213.
19. Hossini H, Shafie B, Niri AD, Nazari M, Esfahlan AJ, Ahmadpour M, Nazmara Z, Ahmadimanesh M, Makhdoumi P, Mirzaei N, Hoseinzadeh E. A comprehensive review on human health effects of chromium: Insights on induced toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022 Oct;29(47):70686-705.
20. Subhashini V, Swamy AVVS. Phytoremediation of cadmium and chromium from contaminated soils using Physalis minima Linn. Am. Int. J. Res. Form. Appl. Nat. Sci. 2013;3:119–122.
21. Schutzendubel A, Schwanz P, Teichmann T, Gross K, Heyser RL, Godbold DL, et al. Cadmium induced changes in antioxidative systems, hydrogen peroxide content, and differentiation in Scot’s pine roots. Plant Physiol. 2001;127:887–898.
22. Sethy SK, Ghosh S. Effect of heavy metals on germination of seeds. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013;4:272–275.
23. Yu R, Tang Y, Liu C, Du X, Miao C, Shi G. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the roles of ROS scavenging genes in response to cadmium in two pak choi cultivars. Sci Rep. 2017;7: 9217.
24. Shanmugaraj BM, Harish MC, Balamurugan S, Sathishkumar R. Cadmium induced physio-biochemical and molecular response in Brassica juncea. Int. J. Phytoremediation. 2013;15:206–218.

This study investigates the in vitro culture and water stress tolerance of Musa paradisiaca L. (Banana) using a systematic approach to explant preparation, sterilization, media preparation, and stress induction. Banana explants were sourced locally and treated to ensure aseptic conditions. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, enriched with essential nutrients, vitamins, and plant growth hormones (IAA and BAP), served as the base for culturing. The study applied Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) as a water stress inducer, which effectively reduced osmotic potential without being metabolized by plants, enabling the discrimination of tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Parameters, such as growth reduction were assessed to evaluate plant responses under controlled environmental conditions. The findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of water stress tolerance and provide insights into improving banana cultivation under adverse conditions.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Thomas DS, Turner DW. Leaf gas exchange of droughted and irrigated banana cv. Williams (Musa spp.) growing in hot, arid conditions. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol. 1998;73:419–429.
2. Stover RH. Banana, Plantain and abaca diseases. Kew, England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute; 1972.
3. Mir RR, Zaman-Allah M, Sreenivasulu N, Trethowan R, Varshney RK. Integrated genomics, physiology and breeding approaches for improving drought tolerance in crops. Theory Appl Genetics. 2012.
4. R Kumar, MK Berwal, PL Saroj. Morphological, Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Facet of Drought Stress in Horticultural Crops. Bikaner, Rajasthan, India: ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture; 2019. (334 006).
5. Adriadna Souza Santos, Edson Perito AmorimI, Claudia Fortes FerreiraI, Carlos Priminho Pirovani. Water stress in Musa spp: A systematic review. Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil: . Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhe´us, Bahia, Brazil, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura; 2018.
6. Feng RJ, Lu LF, Yuan KH, Cheng P, Zhang LL, Qi JF, et al. Cloning and expression analysis of rubredoxin from cold-treated banana leaves. Phyton-Revista Internacional de Botanica Experimental. 2015;79:163.
7. Cao X, Jiang F, Wang X, Zang Y, Wu Z. Comprehensive evaluation and screening for chilling-tolerance in tomato lines at the seedling stage. Euphytica. 2015;205:569.
8. Bo W, Fu B, Qin G, Xing G, Wang Y. Evaluation of drought resistance in Iris germanica L. based on subordination function and principal component analysis. Emirates J Food Agric. 2017; 29:770–778.
9. Cheng HY, Song SQ. Species and organ diversity in the effects of hydrogen peroxide on superoxide dismutase activity in vitro. J Integr Plant Biol. 2006;48:672–678.
10. Mahajan S, Tuteja N. Cold, salinity and drought stress: An overview. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005;444:139–158.
11. Suzuki N, Koussevitzky S, Mittler RON, Miller GAD. ROS and redox signaling in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Plant, Cell & Environ. 2012; 35:259–270.
12. Robinson JC, Saúco VG. Bananas and plantains. Cabi; 2010.
13. Simmonds NW. The Evolution of the Bananas. 1962; Vol. 19.
14. Stover RH, Simmonds NW. Bananas. 3rd ed. London: Longrnans; 1987. pp. 27–45.
15. Ravi I, Mustaffa MM. Impact, adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate resilient banana production. Climate-Resilient Horticulture: Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies. India: Springer; 2013. pp. 45–52.
16. Chen JY, He LH, Jiang YM, Wang Y, Joyce DC, Ji ZL, et al. Role of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in heat pretreatment-induced chilling tolerance in banana fruit. Physiologia Plantarum. 2008;132: 318–328.
17. Turner DW. Bananas-response to temperature. Australia Ag fact: NSW Agriculture; 2003.
18. Stohs SJ, Bagchi D, Hassoun E, Bagchi M. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of chromium and cadmium ions. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 2000;19:201–213.
19. Hossini H, Shafie B, Niri AD, Nazari M, Esfahlan AJ, Ahmadpour M, Nazmara Z, Ahmadimanesh M, Makhdoumi P, Mirzaei N, Hoseinzadeh E. A comprehensive review on human health effects of chromium: Insights on induced toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022 Oct;29(47):70686-705.
20. Subhashini V, Swamy AVVS. Phytoremediation of cadmium and chromium from contaminated soils using Physalis minima Linn. Am. Int. J. Res. Form. Appl. Nat. Sci. 2013;3:119–122.
21. Schutzendubel A, Schwanz P, Teichmann T, Gross K, Heyser RL, Godbold DL, et al. Cadmium induced changes in antioxidative systems, hydrogen peroxide content, and differentiation in Scot’s pine roots. Plant Physiol. 2001;127:887–898.
22. Sethy SK, Ghosh S. Effect of heavy metals on germination of seeds. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013;4:272–275.
23. Yu R, Tang Y, Liu C, Du X, Miao C, Shi G. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the roles of ROS scavenging genes in response to cadmium in two pak choi cultivars. Sci Rep. 2017;7: 9217.
24. Shanmugaraj BM, Harish MC, Balamurugan S, Sathishkumar R. Cadmium induced physio-biochemical and molecular response in Brassica juncea. Int. J. Phytoremediation. 2013;15:206–218.