Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study

Volume: 11 | Issue: 02 | Year 2025 | Subscription
International Journal of Immunological Nursing
Received Date: 08/03/2025
Acceptance Date: 10/18/2025
Published On: 2025-10-28
First Page: 1
Last Page: 7

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By: J. Samuel KAMANDA, Atul Khajuria, Eric Kwasi Elliason, and Stephen Monday.

1.Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Desh Bhagat University,India.
2.Director, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Desh Bhagat University,India.
3.Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Desh Bhagat University,India.
4.Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Desh Bhagat University,India.

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a major public health concern, disproportionately affecting women due to hormonal, genetic, and environmental influences. This hospital-based study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of ADs among women in Punjab, India. A total of 800 participants (680 cases, 120 controls) aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Inclusion criteria comprised confirmed AD diagnoses (per standard classification criteria), while exclusion criteria eliminated confounding conditions. Data on demographics, lifestyle, and clinical parameters were collected. The most prevalent ADs were thyroid disorders (32.4%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (28.7%), and psoriasis (12.5%). Risk factors included family history (OR=3.2, p<0.001), obesity (OR=2.1, p=0.003), and vitamin D deficiency (OR=1.8, p=0.02). Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in disease distribution and associated risk factors. This study highlights the high burden of ADs among Punjabi women and underscores the need for targeted screening and prevention strategies.

Keywords: Autoimmune diseases, prevalence, risk factors, women’s health, Punjab

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Citation:

How to cite this article: J. Samuel KAMANDA, Atul Khajuria, Eric Kwasi Elliason, and Stephen Monday Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study. International Journal of Immunological Nursing. 2025; 11(02): 1-7p.

How to cite this URL: J. Samuel KAMANDA, Atul Khajuria, Eric Kwasi Elliason, and Stephen Monday, Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study. International Journal of Immunological Nursing. 2025; 11(02): 1-7p. Available from:https://journalspub.com/publication/ijin/article=22924

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