The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of public health education in promoting vaccine acceptance and combating misinformation. As global immunization efforts faced challenges due to vaccine hesitancy and knowledge gaps, structured teaching programs emerged as a key strategy to improve vaccine literacy. This review explores the effectiveness of structured educational interventions in enhancing knowledge and shaping attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Drawing from a range of studies conducted across different populations, the review analyzes how structured teaching – delivered through workshops, seminars, multimedia tools, and community outreach – has influenced individuals’ understanding of vaccine efficacy, safety, and the importance of immunization. The findings suggest that structured teaching programs significantly improve participants’ knowledge levels and positively shift their attitudes toward vaccination. These interventions are particularly effective when culturally tailored, interactive, and supported by credible healthcare professionals. Moreover, the review identifies critical factors, such as delivery methods, duration, and participant engagement, that influence programme outcomes. By systematically organizing and evaluating educational strategies, the review underscores the importance of structured teaching in strengthening vaccine confidence and public health preparedness. In conclusion, structured teaching programs serve as powerful tools to enhance vaccine literacy and support immunization campaigns. Future initiatives should prioritize the integration of structured education into national and global health strategies to foster informed decision-making and mitigate the impact of vaccine-related misinformation.

Keywords: Vaccine literacy, structured teaching programme, COVID-19 vaccination, health education, vaccine hesitancy

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1. Kumari M, Mondal H, Marndi G, Juhi A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a structured educational program on improving the knowledge of COVID-19 among the vaccine-reluctant population in a block of Jharkhand, India. Cureus. 2023 May 6;15(5):e38628. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38628. PMID: 37284394; PMCID: PMC10241108.
2. Kaim A, Siman-Tov M, Jaffe E, Adini B. Effect of a concise educational program on COVID-19 vaccination attitudes. Front Public Health. 2021 Nov 30;9:767447. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.767447. PMID: 34917578; PMCID: PMC8669390.
3. Misra R, Kirk B, Shawley-Brzoska S, Totzkay D, Morton C, Kuhn S, et al. Educational intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in rural patients with chronic diseases: Lessons learned from an innovative academic-community partnership. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jan 8;21(1):71. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21010071. PMID: 38248535; PMCID: PMC10815710.
4. Fadel EA, Alshawish E, El-Shaboury RHR, Khalil DE, Mahmoud FZ, El-Feshawy NI. Effect of implementing virtual educational sessions on nursing students’ knowledge, attitude and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Inquiry. 2025 Jan–Dec;62:469580251339114. doi: 10.1177/00469580251339114. Epub 2025 Jun 4. PMID: 40468759; PMCID: PMC12144395.
5. Barnawi NA, Alraqei B, Hilwan A, Al-Otibi M, Alsubaie R, Altowymy S, et al. Impact of a video-based educational intervention on the levels of knowledge and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 24;11(4):727. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040727. PMID: 37112639; PMCID: PMC10145043.
6. Biasio LR, Zanobini P, Lorini C, Monaci P, Fanfani A, Gallinoro V, et al. COVID-19 vaccine literacy: a scoping review. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2176083. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2176083. Epub 2023 Feb 15. PMID: 36794338; PMCID: PMC10026896.
7. Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health. 2012 Jan 25;12:80. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-80. PMID: 22276600; PMCID: PMC3292515.
8. Eichler K, Wieser S, Brügger U. The costs of limited health literacy: A systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2009;54(5):313–24. doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-0058-2. Epub 2009 Jul 31. PMID: 19644651; PMCID: PMC3785182.
9. Brach C, Dreyer BP, Schillinger D. Physicians’ roles in creating health literate organizations: A call to action. J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Feb;29(2):273–5. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2619-6. PMID: 24113805; PMCID: PMC3912273.
10. MacDonald NE; SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4161–4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036. Epub 2015 Apr 17. PMID: 25896383.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of public health education in promoting vaccine acceptance and combating misinformation. As global immunization efforts faced challenges due to vaccine hesitancy and knowledge gaps, structured teaching programs emerged as a key strategy to improve vaccine literacy. This review explores the effectiveness of structured educational interventions in enhancing knowledge and shaping attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Drawing from a range of studies conducted across different populations, the review analyzes how structured teaching – delivered through workshops, seminars, multimedia tools, and community outreach – has influenced individuals’ understanding of vaccine efficacy, safety, and the importance of immunization. The findings suggest that structured teaching programs significantly improve participants’ knowledge levels and positively shift their attitudes toward vaccination. These interventions are particularly effective when culturally tailored, interactive, and supported by credible healthcare professionals. Moreover, the review identifies critical factors, such as delivery methods, duration, and participant engagement, that influence programme outcomes. By systematically organizing and evaluating educational strategies, the review underscores the importance of structured teaching in strengthening vaccine confidence and public health preparedness. In conclusion, structured teaching programs serve as powerful tools to enhance vaccine literacy and support immunization campaigns. Future initiatives should prioritize the integration of structured education into national and global health strategies to foster informed decision-making and mitigate the impact of vaccine-related misinformation.

Keywords: Vaccine literacy, structured teaching programme, COVID-19 vaccination, health education, vaccine hesitancy

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Kumari M, Mondal H, Marndi G, Juhi A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a structured educational program on improving the knowledge of COVID-19 among the vaccine-reluctant population in a block of Jharkhand, India. Cureus. 2023 May 6;15(5):e38628. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38628. PMID: 37284394; PMCID: PMC10241108.
2. Kaim A, Siman-Tov M, Jaffe E, Adini B. Effect of a concise educational program on COVID-19 vaccination attitudes. Front Public Health. 2021 Nov 30;9:767447. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.767447. PMID: 34917578; PMCID: PMC8669390.
3. Misra R, Kirk B, Shawley-Brzoska S, Totzkay D, Morton C, Kuhn S, et al. Educational intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in rural patients with chronic diseases: Lessons learned from an innovative academic-community partnership. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jan 8;21(1):71. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21010071. PMID: 38248535; PMCID: PMC10815710.
4. Fadel EA, Alshawish E, El-Shaboury RHR, Khalil DE, Mahmoud FZ, El-Feshawy NI. Effect of implementing virtual educational sessions on nursing students’ knowledge, attitude and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Inquiry. 2025 Jan–Dec;62:469580251339114. doi: 10.1177/00469580251339114. Epub 2025 Jun 4. PMID: 40468759; PMCID: PMC12144395.
5. Barnawi NA, Alraqei B, Hilwan A, Al-Otibi M, Alsubaie R, Altowymy S, et al. Impact of a video-based educational intervention on the levels of knowledge and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 24;11(4):727. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040727. PMID: 37112639; PMCID: PMC10145043.
6. Biasio LR, Zanobini P, Lorini C, Monaci P, Fanfani A, Gallinoro V, et al. COVID-19 vaccine literacy: a scoping review. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2176083. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2176083. Epub 2023 Feb 15. PMID: 36794338; PMCID: PMC10026896.
7. Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health. 2012 Jan 25;12:80. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-80. PMID: 22276600; PMCID: PMC3292515.
8. Eichler K, Wieser S, Brügger U. The costs of limited health literacy: A systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2009;54(5):313–24. doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-0058-2. Epub 2009 Jul 31. PMID: 19644651; PMCID: PMC3785182.
9. Brach C, Dreyer BP, Schillinger D. Physicians’ roles in creating health literate organizations: A call to action. J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Feb;29(2):273–5. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2619-6. PMID: 24113805; PMCID: PMC3912273.
10. MacDonald NE; SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4161–4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036. Epub 2015 Apr 17. PMID: 25896383.