Abstract- This study presents the analysis and design of shallow foundations subjected to vertical and lateral loads, considering the self-weight of structural elements and soil bearing capacity. Two loading cases are examined to evaluate the stability and suitability of foundation dimensions. In the first case, a column load of 120 t is considered, with an additional self-weight of 2.40 t, resulting in a total load of 122.40 t. Including 10% foundation weight, the total load at the base becomes 135 t. The corresponding lateral load is estimated as 29 t based on the internal friction angle of concrete. The required soil bearing capacity is verified as 30 t/m², which is greater than the applied load, ensuring safety. The suitable foundation size is determined as approximately 2.12 m × 2.12 m. In the second case, a higher column load of 130 t is analyzed. The self-weight of the column is calculated as 3.456 t, resulting in a total structural load of 133.456 t and an overall foundation load of 147 t. The lateral load is computed as 32 t. The required bearing capacity of 35 t/m² exceeds the applied load, confirming stable conditions. The corresponding foundation size is estimated as 2.05 m × 2.05 m.The study demonstrates that in both cases, the selected foundation dimensions and soil bearing capacities are adequate to safely resist the applied loads. The results emphasize the importance of considering both vertical and lateral forces, as well as soil properties, in the design of safe and efficient shallow foundations.

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1. Terzaghi K, Peck RB. Soil mechanics in engineering practice. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1967.
2. Terzaghi K. Theoretical soil mechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1943.
3. Das BM. Principles of foundation engineering. 8th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2015.
4. Murthy VNS. Geotechnical engineering: principles and practices of soil mechanics and foundation engineering. New York: CRC Press; 2002.
5. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 6403: Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations. New Delhi: BIS; 1981.
6. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 1904: Code of practice for design and construction of foundations in soils: general requirements. New Delhi: BIS; 1986.
7. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 456: Plain and reinforced concrete – code of practice. New Delhi: BIS; 2000.
8. Bowles JE. Foundation analysis and design. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996.
9. Coduto DP. Foundation design: principles and practices. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 2001.
10. Seed HB, Harder LF. SPT-based analysis of foundation behavior. J Geotech Eng. 1990;116(4):609–626.
11. American Society of Civil Engineers. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures (ASCE 7-10). Reston: ASCE; 2010.
12. Indian Geotechnical Society. Guidelines for foundation design and construction practices. New Delhi: IGS; 2010.

Abstract- This study presents the analysis and design of shallow foundations subjected to vertical and lateral loads, considering the self-weight of structural elements and soil bearing capacity. Two loading cases are examined to evaluate the stability and suitability of foundation dimensions. In the first case, a column load of 120 t is considered, with an additional self-weight of 2.40 t, resulting in a total load of 122.40 t. Including 10% foundation weight, the total load at the base becomes 135 t. The corresponding lateral load is estimated as 29 t based on the internal friction angle of concrete. The required soil bearing capacity is verified as 30 t/m², which is greater than the applied load, ensuring safety. The suitable foundation size is determined as approximately 2.12 m × 2.12 m. In the second case, a higher column load of 130 t is analyzed. The self-weight of the column is calculated as 3.456 t, resulting in a total structural load of 133.456 t and an overall foundation load of 147 t. The lateral load is computed as 32 t. The required bearing capacity of 35 t/m² exceeds the applied load, confirming stable conditions. The corresponding foundation size is estimated as 2.05 m × 2.05 m.The study demonstrates that in both cases, the selected foundation dimensions and soil bearing capacities are adequate to safely resist the applied loads. The results emphasize the importance of considering both vertical and lateral forces, as well as soil properties, in the design of safe and efficient shallow foundations.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Terzaghi K, Peck RB. Soil mechanics in engineering practice. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1967.
2. Terzaghi K. Theoretical soil mechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1943.
3. Das BM. Principles of foundation engineering. 8th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2015.
4. Murthy VNS. Geotechnical engineering: principles and practices of soil mechanics and foundation engineering. New York: CRC Press; 2002.
5. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 6403: Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations. New Delhi: BIS; 1981.
6. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 1904: Code of practice for design and construction of foundations in soils: general requirements. New Delhi: BIS; 1986.
7. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 456: Plain and reinforced concrete – code of practice. New Delhi: BIS; 2000.
8. Bowles JE. Foundation analysis and design. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996.
9. Coduto DP. Foundation design: principles and practices. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 2001.
10. Seed HB, Harder LF. SPT-based analysis of foundation behavior. J Geotech Eng. 1990;116(4):609–626.
11. American Society of Civil Engineers. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures (ASCE 7-10). Reston: ASCE; 2010.
12. Indian Geotechnical Society. Guidelines for foundation design and construction practices. New Delhi: IGS; 2010.