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By: Karishma.
Guest Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India
The purpose of this article is to provide a broad summary of recent discoveries, identify important constraints, and suggest future lines of inquiry. In recent years, pollution has surpassed the environment’s bearing capacity. There hasn’t been much progress despite the installation of multiple pollution-control initiatives. Natural resources are occasionally exploited by unavoidable waste discharges, despite our government’s best attempts to safeguard them. For instance, the water-intensive and polluting sectors of textiles, leather, sugar, and paper have altered in recent decades due to their large-scale water extraction and untreated effluent discharge. To address this, better pollution-linked databases and ecosystem-balancing technologies are needed. There are several pollution tracking technologies in the literature, however they are all based on traditional databases. The integration of IoT-based technologies enables real-time monitoring of critical parameters, such as temperature and humidity, in industrial waste and air management systems. Continuous assessment of environmental pollution is essential for preserving biodiversity, preventing ecosystem degradation, and safeguarding human health. While traditional methods for evaluating air and water quality are scientifically reliable, they often suffer from limitations including high operational costs, low spatiotemporal resolution, slow data processing, and restricted scalability. Recent advancements in machine learning have facilitated the development of more efficient and robust solutions to address these challenges. Supervised learning paradigms like random forests, support vector machines, and deep neural networks are especially notable since they have shown great success in low-cost sensor array calibration, anomaly detection, and pollution forecasting. The groundwork for future intelligent stewardship systems that will be transparent, scalable, and successful after 2025.
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