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By: Devesh Tiwari.
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow
Abstract
The global shift toward remote work has significantly increased the duration of indoor footwear usage, yet the ergonomic standards for slippers remain critically under-researched compared to athletic or industrial footwear. While “high-compliance” or soft slippers are traditionally marketed for immediate comfort, excessive mechanical softness may lead to foot instability, altered gait kinetics, and subsequent compensatory stress on the lumbar spine. This study aims to quantify the correlation between varying degrees of slipper sole compliance—measured by Shore A hardness ratings—and the resulting mechanical load on the L4-L5 and L5-S1 vertebral segments. Using a cohort of 30 participants, the research utilizes high-speed motion capture to track pelvic tilt alongside multi-sensor insole systems to measure plantar pressure distribution. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is then employed to model the musculoskeletal response, calculating vertical compression forces and shear stress on the lumbar discs. Preliminary simulations suggest a “Goldilocks Zone” of compliance; hyper-compliant soles (Shore A < 25) appear to increase pelvic instability and anterior tilt, leading to an estimated 12%–18% increase in lumbar muscle activation compared to mid-range orthopedic benchmarks. Conversely, high-stiffness soles increase ground reaction forces (GRF) transmitted directly to the spinal column. These findings provide a data-driven framework for footwear manufacturers to transition from purely aesthetic production to evidence-based ergonomic design, establishing standardized compliance ratings to minimize long-term musculoskeletal fatigue.
Citation:
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