Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting
Girish K.S., Lavina S. Naik | International Journal of Neurological Nursing | Vol 12, Issue 01 | pp. 7-11 | ISSN: 2456-5229
Abstract
Speech and language stimulation during early childhood is critical for communication, cognitive, and social development. This study investigated parental reports of speech and language stimulation sources and duration in 99 typically developing toddlers (1–3 years) from extended family settings across varied socioeconomic groups. Participants were categorized using the Modified Kuppuswamy Scale (2022), and data were collected through a validated researcher-designed checklist. Results indicated mothers as the primary language stimulators, followed by fathers, siblings, and paternal grandmothers, while maternal grandparents contributed minimally. Socioeconomic status significantly influenced fathers’ involvement, with greater contributions in upper middle-class families compared to lower middle-class families. Age-related differences were evident in digital media exposure, with older toddlers demonstrating higher gadget use. In lower SES families, neighbors, and relatives played a greater role, reflecting strong community-based caregiving patterns. These findings highlight the dominant role of mothers, the cultural significance of paternal grandparents in Indian extended families, and the growing influence of digital media in early development. The study emphasizes the need for speech-language pathologists and educators to consider cultural, socioeconomic, and age-related factors in designing family-centered interventions that optimize naturalistic stimulation sources while mitigating risks, such as excessive gadget exposure..
Keywords: Language, speech, stimulation exposure, toddlers, typically developing children
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1. Malhi P, Sidhu M, Bharti B. Early stimulation and language development of economically disadvantaged young children. Indian J Pediatr. 2014;81:333–338. doi: 10.1007/s12098-013-1127-1. 2. Weisleder A, Fernald A. Talking to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(11):2143–2152. doi: 10.1177/0956797613488145. 3. Topping K, Dekhinet R, Zeedyk S. Parent–infant interaction and children’s language development. Educ Psychol. 2013;33(4):391–426. doi: 10.1080/01443410.2012.744159. 4. Cologon K, Wicks L, Salvador A. Supporting caregivers in developing responsive communication partnerships with their children: Extending a caregiver-led interactive language program. Child Lang Teach Ther. 2017;33(2):157–169. doi: 10.1177/0265659016671166. 5. Bochner S, Jones J. Child language development: Learning to talk. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2008. 6. Music G. Nurturing natures: Attachment and children’s emotional, sociocultural and brain development. 2nd ed. London: Psychology Press; 2016. 7. Schwab JF, Lew-Williams C. Language learning, socioeconomic status, and child-directed speech. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2016;7(4):264–275. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1393. 8. Chen Q, Kong Y, Gao W, Mo L. Effects of socioeconomic status, parent–child relationship, and learning motivation on reading ability. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1297. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2018.01297. 9. Kumar G, Dash P, Patnaik J, Pany G. Socioeconomic status scale—Modified Kuppuswamy scale for the year 2022. Int J Community Dent. 2022;10(1):1–6. 10.Pan BA, Rowe ML, Singer JD, Snow CE. Maternal correlates of growth in toddler vocabulary production in low-income families. Child Dev. 2005 Jul–Aug;76(4):763–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00876.x. PMID:16026495.
How to cite this article
APA
K.S., G., & Naik, L. S. (2026). Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting. International Journal of Neurological Nursing, 12(01), 7-11.
MLA
K.S., Girish, and Lavina S. Naik. “Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting.” International Journal of Neurological Nursing, vol. 12, no. 01, 2026, pp. 7-11.
Chicago
Girish K.S., and Lavina S. Naik. “Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting.” International Journal of Neurological Nursing 12, no. 01 (2026): 7-11.
Vancouver
K.S. G, Naik LS. Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting. International Journal of Neurological Nursing. 2026;12(01):7-11.
BibTeX
@article{KSG2026,
author = {Girish K.S. and Lavina S. Naik},
title = {Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting},
journal = {International Journal of Neurological Nursing},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {01},
pages = {7--11},
issn = {2456-5229},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijnen/article=27492}
}
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Girish K.S., Lavina S. Naik | International Journal of Neurological Nursing | Vol 12, Issue 01 | pp. 7-11 | ISSN: 2456-5229
Abstract
Speech and language stimulation during early childhood is critical for communication, cognitive, and social development. This study investigated parental reports of speech and language stimulation sources and duration in 99 typically developing toddlers (1–3 years) from extended family settings across varied socioeconomic groups. Participants were categorized using the Modified Kuppuswamy Scale (2022), and data were collected through a validated researcher-designed checklist. Results indicated mothers as the primary language stimulators, followed by fathers, siblings, and paternal grandmothers, while maternal grandparents contributed minimally. Socioeconomic status significantly influenced fathers’ involvement, with greater contributions in upper middle-class families compared to lower middle-class families. Age-related differences were evident in digital media exposure, with older toddlers demonstrating higher gadget use. In lower SES families, neighbors, and relatives played a greater role, reflecting strong community-based caregiving patterns. These findings highlight the dominant role of mothers, the cultural significance of paternal grandparents in Indian extended families, and the growing influence of digital media in early development. The study emphasizes the need for speech-language pathologists and educators to consider cultural, socioeconomic, and age-related factors in designing family-centered interventions that optimize naturalistic stimulation sources while mitigating risks, such as excessive gadget exposure..
Keywords: Language, speech, stimulation exposure, toddlers, typically developing children
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Malhi P, Sidhu M, Bharti B. Early stimulation and language development of economically disadvantaged young children. Indian J Pediatr. 2014;81:333–338. doi: 10.1007/s12098-013-1127-1. 2. Weisleder A, Fernald A. Talking to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(11):2143–2152. doi: 10.1177/0956797613488145. 3. Topping K, Dekhinet R, Zeedyk S. Parent–infant interaction and children’s language development. Educ Psychol. 2013;33(4):391–426. doi: 10.1080/01443410.2012.744159. 4. Cologon K, Wicks L, Salvador A. Supporting caregivers in developing responsive communication partnerships with their children: Extending a caregiver-led interactive language program. Child Lang Teach Ther. 2017;33(2):157–169. doi: 10.1177/0265659016671166. 5. Bochner S, Jones J. Child language development: Learning to talk. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2008. 6. Music G. Nurturing natures: Attachment and children’s emotional, sociocultural and brain development. 2nd ed. London: Psychology Press; 2016. 7. Schwab JF, Lew-Williams C. Language learning, socioeconomic status, and child-directed speech. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2016;7(4):264–275. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1393. 8. Chen Q, Kong Y, Gao W, Mo L. Effects of socioeconomic status, parent–child relationship, and learning motivation on reading ability. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1297. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2018.01297. 9. Kumar G, Dash P, Patnaik J, Pany G. Socioeconomic status scale—Modified Kuppuswamy scale for the year 2022. Int J Community Dent. 2022;10(1):1–6. 10.Pan BA, Rowe ML, Singer JD, Snow CE. Maternal correlates of growth in toddler vocabulary production in low-income families. Child Dev. 2005 Jul–Aug;76(4):763–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00876.x. PMID:16026495.
How to cite this article
APA
K.S., G., & Naik, L. S. (2026). Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting. International Journal of Neurological Nursing, 12(01), 7-11.
MLA
K.S., Girish, and Lavina S. Naik. “Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting.” International Journal of Neurological Nursing, vol. 12, no. 01, 2026, pp. 7-11.
Chicago
Girish K.S., and Lavina S. Naik. “Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting.” International Journal of Neurological Nursing 12, no. 01 (2026): 7-11.
Vancouver
K.S. G, Naik LS. Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting. International Journal of Neurological Nursing. 2026;12(01):7-11.
BibTeX
@article{KSG2026,
author = {Girish K.S. and Lavina S. Naik},
title = {Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting},
journal = {International Journal of Neurological Nursing},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {01},
pages = {7--11},
issn = {2456-5229},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijnen/article=27492}
}
Girish K.S., Lavina S. Naik | International Journal of Neurological Nursing | Vol 12, Issue 01 | pp. 7-11 | ISSN: 2456-5229
Abstract
Speech and language stimulation during early childhood is critical for communication, cognitive, and social development. This study investigated parental reports of speech and language stimulation sources and duration in 99 typically developing toddlers (1–3 years) from extended family settings across varied socioeconomic groups. Participants were categorized using the Modified Kuppuswamy Scale (2022), and data were collected through a validated researcher-designed checklist. Results indicated mothers as the primary language stimulators, followed by fathers, siblings, and paternal grandmothers, while maternal grandparents contributed minimally. Socioeconomic status significantly influenced fathers’ involvement, with greater contributions in upper middle-class families compared to lower middle-class families. Age-related differences were evident in digital media exposure, with older toddlers demonstrating higher gadget use. In lower SES families, neighbors, and relatives played a greater role, reflecting strong community-based caregiving patterns. These findings highlight the dominant role of mothers, the cultural significance of paternal grandparents in Indian extended families, and the growing influence of digital media in early development. The study emphasizes the need for speech-language pathologists and educators to consider cultural, socioeconomic, and age-related factors in designing family-centered interventions that optimize naturalistic stimulation sources while mitigating risks, such as excessive gadget exposure..
Keywords: Language, speech, stimulation exposure, toddlers, typically developing children
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Malhi P, Sidhu M, Bharti B. Early stimulation and language development of economically disadvantaged young children. Indian J Pediatr. 2014;81:333–338. doi: 10.1007/s12098-013-1127-1. 2. Weisleder A, Fernald A. Talking to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(11):2143–2152. doi: 10.1177/0956797613488145. 3. Topping K, Dekhinet R, Zeedyk S. Parent–infant interaction and children’s language development. Educ Psychol. 2013;33(4):391–426. doi: 10.1080/01443410.2012.744159. 4. Cologon K, Wicks L, Salvador A. Supporting caregivers in developing responsive communication partnerships with their children: Extending a caregiver-led interactive language program. Child Lang Teach Ther. 2017;33(2):157–169. doi: 10.1177/0265659016671166. 5. Bochner S, Jones J. Child language development: Learning to talk. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2008. 6. Music G. Nurturing natures: Attachment and children’s emotional, sociocultural and brain development. 2nd ed. London: Psychology Press; 2016. 7. Schwab JF, Lew-Williams C. Language learning, socioeconomic status, and child-directed speech. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2016;7(4):264–275. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1393. 8. Chen Q, Kong Y, Gao W, Mo L. Effects of socioeconomic status, parent–child relationship, and learning motivation on reading ability. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1297. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2018.01297. 9. Kumar G, Dash P, Patnaik J, Pany G. Socioeconomic status scale—Modified Kuppuswamy scale for the year 2022. Int J Community Dent. 2022;10(1):1–6. 10.Pan BA, Rowe ML, Singer JD, Snow CE. Maternal correlates of growth in toddler vocabulary production in low-income families. Child Dev. 2005 Jul–Aug;76(4):763–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00876.x. PMID:16026495.
How to cite this article
APA
K.S., G., & Naik, L. S. (2026). Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting. International Journal of Neurological Nursing, 12(01), 7-11.
MLA
K.S., Girish, and Lavina S. Naik. “Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting.” International Journal of Neurological Nursing, vol. 12, no. 01, 2026, pp. 7-11.
Chicago
Girish K.S., and Lavina S. Naik. “Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting.” International Journal of Neurological Nursing 12, no. 01 (2026): 7-11.
Vancouver
K.S. G, Naik LS. Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting. International Journal of Neurological Nursing. 2026;12(01):7-11.
BibTeX
@article{KSG2026,
author = {Girish K.S. and Lavina S. Naik},
title = {Parental Reporting of Speech-Language Stimulation Sources and Duration in Toddlers from Diverse Socioeconomic Groups in an Extended Family Setting},
journal = {International Journal of Neurological Nursing},
year = {2026},
volume = {12},
number = {01},
pages = {7--11},
issn = {2456-5229},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijnen/article=27492}
}
