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Strategies for Management of Needle-Related Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A Literature ReviewBy Sushma Oommen, Asha P Shetty
Abstract: Background: Pain is a highly prevalent problem in children. It is a predominantly subjective emotional distress that also leads to impairment in the quality of life. Medical procedures that are applied using a needle, such as venipuncture and immunization are the most common and important sources of pain for children, causing anxiety, distress and fear. Pain management before the first painful medical procedure in children may reduce pain-related negative emotional …
Published in International Journal of Pediatric Nursing · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 11–20 Read article →