Modeling 28 Days’ Curing Compressive Strength of Concrete Partially Replaced with Palm Kernel Shell as Aggregate Influenced by Porosity

Solomon Ndubuisi Eluozo; Ebirim S.; Egbebike J.

Abstract

Twenty-eight days of curing to determine compressive strength of concrete were carried out throughthe application of modeling and simulation. The development of concrete compressive strength wascarried out by integrating palm kernel shell (PKS) as partial replacement for aggregate. Studies weremonitored to determine its rates of strength development by partially replacing PKS at differentpercentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% to determine the optimum compressive strength withinthe applied percentage of replacement. Replacement with 5% of PKS was observed to generate theoptimum strength development, while decreases in strength were experienced fluctuating down thehighest percentage of replacement at 25%. The study examined that heterogeneity of the PKS wereobserved to affect the concrete formation. These could be through the pore distribution of the materialsin size, thus affecting the bonding of the material with cement. Such observed condition reflected on theheterogeneity of deposited porosity on the concrete. This influenced the strength developed thatexperienced fluctuating thus decrease with respect to increase in percentage of replacement. The studyexamined the binding agent used in the material and its impact on the target strength. This was donethrough modeling and simulation, which provided predictive values. The simulation highlighted thesignificance of porosity as the main factor influencing the growth rate of compressive strength. Thepredictive values were then compared to experimental data, and both parameters showed strongcorrelation. This study is important as it explains the behavior of the materials, specifically PKS, interms of its impact on target strength in mix design. It also demonstrates the effect of pore distributionwhen PKS is used as a replacement for aggregate. These factors were noted to lead to a decline instrength with an increase in the percentage of replacement. Experts can utilize these conceptualtechniques to monitor the use of PKS as a partial replacement for aggregate.

Modeling 28 Days’ Curing Compressive Strength of Concrete Partially Replaced with Palm Kernel Shell as Aggregate Influenced by Porosity

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