Heterocyclic compounds are well known for their pharmacological application. Among all N-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazole emerges superior application. Triazole have two core structures 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3-triazoles. They both can give a broad range of substitutions with their structures, due to these characteristics, they have significant biological applications. They are also important in organocatalysis, agrochemicals, and material science. We aim to explore suitable molecular modifications in thiadiazole and triazole derivatives to enhance their pharmacological profiles. This paper outlines the methodology used to investigate the structure and antifungal properties of heterocyclic compounds derived from hydroquinone. The synthesis included compounds, such as Bis-1,4-(3-mercapto-5-oxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl) benzene and Bis-1,4-(5-amino-2-oxymethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) benzene.  To confirm the structures of these newly synthesized compounds, gravimetric analysis, melting point determination, elemental analyses, and infrared (IR) spectra (recorded using KBr) were conducted using a Perkin–Elmer spectrometer. Additionally, NMR spectra were obtained in DMSO-d6 on an EM-360 spectrometer (60 MHz), using TMS as the internal standard. The antifungal efficacy of these compounds was evaluated against Aspergillus flavus, Helminthosporium tetramera, and Penicillium decumbens by the paper disc plate method at concentration levels of 2.0 and 0.2% (w/v) in dimethyl sulfoxide standard PDA medium.

1. Heravi MM, Vavsari VF. Recent advances in application of amino acids: Key building blocks in design and syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Adv Heterocycl Chem. 2015 Jan 1;114:77–145. 2. Kadi AA, Al-Abdullah ES, Shehata IA, Habib EE, Ibrahim TM, El-Emam AA. Synthesis, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of novel 5-(1-adamantyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Nov 1;45(11):5006–11. 3. Kasımoğulları R, Bülbül M, Arslan BS, Gökçe B. Synthesis, characterization and antiglaucoma activity of some novel pyrazole derivatives of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide. Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Nov 1;45(11):4769–73. 4. Schüttelkopf AW, Gros L, Blair DE, Frearson JA, van Aalten DM, Gilbert IH. Acetazolamide-based fungal chitinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Dec 1;18(23):8334–40. 5. Tatar E, Küçükgüzel Ş, Karakuş S, De Clercq E, Andrei G, Snoeck R, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives from L-methionine as antituberculosis and antiviral agents. Marmara Pharm J. 2015 Jan 1;19(2):88–102. 6. Upadhyay PK, Mishra P. Synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 5-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amines. Rasayan J Chem. 2017;10(1):254–62. 7. Yadav LS, Zaidi MG, Singh BN. Synthesis and fungicidal evaluation of some 1,3,4-thiadiazoles against P. oryzae and R. solani. Asian J Chem. 2003 Jul 1;15(3):1805–7. 8. Ahmad S, Alam MZ, Salma U, Mohasin M, Rahaman PF, Parveen H, et al. A review on recent progress in synthesis and biological activities of thiadiazole and its derivatives. J Mol Struct. 2024 Apr 23:138438. 9. Kumar KA, Kumar GV, Renuka KN. Thiadiazoles: Molecules of diverse applications—A review. Int J ChemTech Res. 2013;5(1):239–48. 10. Hatami M, Basri Z, Sakhvidi BK, Mortazavi M. Thiadiazole–A promising structure in design and development of anti-Alzheimer agents. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 May 1;118:110027. 11. Khalaj A, Nakhjiri M, Negahbani AS, Samadizadeh M, Firoozpour L, Rajabalian S, et al. Discovery of a novel nitroimidazolyl–oxazolidinone hybrid with potent anti Gram-positive activity: Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Jan 1;46(1):65–70. 12. Quirke JM. Comprehensive heterocyclic chemistry. In: Geological Society. 1984;3:57. 13. Hahm HS, Toroitich EK, Borne AL, Brulet JW, Libby AH, Yuan K, et al. Global targeting of functional tyrosines using sulfur-triazole exchange chemistry. Nat Chem Biol. 2020 Feb;16(2):150–9. 14. Kumar S, Khokra SL, Yadav A. Triazole analogues as potential pharmacological agents: A brief review. Future J Pharm Sci. 2021 May 25;7(1):106. 15. Ruddarraju RR, Murugulla AC, Kotla R, Tirumalasetty MC, Wudayagiri R, Donthabakthuni S, et al. Design, synthesis, anticancer, antimicrobial activities and molecular docking studies of theophylline containing acetylenes and theophylline containing 1,2,3-triazoles with variant nucleoside derivatives. Eur J Med Chem. 2016 Nov 10;123:379–96. 16. Bozorov K, Zhao J, Aisa HA. 1,2,3-Triazole-containing hybrids as leads in medicinal chemistry: A recent overview. Bioorg Med Chem. 2019 Aug 15;27(16):3511–31. 17. Kotresh O, Badami BV. Synthesis of bis-triazoles: Chemical reactivity of 4-amino-2-aryl-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones. Indian J Heterocycl Chem. 2005 Jul 1;15(1):55–8. 18. Dogan HN, Duran A, Rollas S, Sener G, Uysal MK, Gülen D. Synthesis of new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and preliminary evaluation of anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities. Bioorg Med Chem. 2002 Sep 1;10(9):2893–8.