Background: African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV) of the Asfarviridae family, affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. First identified in Kenya in 1921, ASF has spread globally, severely impacting the pork industry and causing significant financial losses. The virus transmits rapidly through direct or indirect contact, with arthropod vectors, wildlife reservoirs, and contaminated animal products playing key roles in its spread. Although ASF does not directly threaten human health, its effect on global trade and pig populations is devastating. Objective: This study aims to examine ASF transmission, economic consequences, and control strategies, emphasizing the lack of a vaccine or effective treatment. It highlights advancements in vaccine research, CRISPR-based gene editing, AI-driven surveillance, and blockchain technology as potential solutions to mitigate ASF’s impact. Methods: A comprehensive review of scientific literature and veterinary reports was conducted to assess ASF transmission patterns, clinical manifestations, and available containment measures. Research on modern diagnostic tools and technological innovations in disease management was also analyzed. Results: ASF continues to exhibit mortality rates exceeding 100%, with symptoms ranging from acute to chronic. Early detection, biosecurity measures, and culling infected animals remain crucial for disease containment. Advancements, like CRISPR-based gene editing and AI-driven surveillance, show promise, yet a commercially viable vaccine remains elusive. Conclusion: ASF remains a major challenge for the global swine industry, demanding coordinated efforts among governments, businesses, and research institutions. Investing in biosecurity and advanced surveillance technologies is essential to control ASF outbreaks and secure the future of pig farming worldwide.

Keywords: Asfarvirus. Hemorrhagic disease, Pigs/Swine, Contagious, Outbreak

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