Sandeep Rai | International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology | Vol 11, Issue 02 | pp. 8-16 | ISSN: 2456-6691
Abstract
Functional rubber powders (FRPs) are emerging as a potential class of materials derived primarily from end-of-life tires (ELTs) and other rubber scraps through mechanical, cryogenic, or de-vulcanization methods. These powders act as high-performance additives or reinforcing fillers in various engineering applications due to their low cost, improved surface properties, customizable particle sizes, and ability to undergo further chemical reactions. This review provides an overview of the production technologies, focusing on advancements in grinding, surface activation, and de-vulcanization processes that enhance compatibility with thermoplastic, thermoset, and elastomeric matrices. FRPs are produced through physical and chemical treatments that impart functional groups onto the powder surface, enabling better interfacial adhesion and reinforcement in composite systems. Their broad application range spans automotive, construction, sports surfaces, and consumer products, where FRPs contribute to improved mechanical properties, sustainability, and cost efficiency. The incorporation of FRPs in asphalt mixtures and polymer blends enhances durability and recyclability. In advanced engineering uses, FRPs serve as carriers of active ingredients, conductive fillers, or reinforcing fillers in green composites. The review also highlights the environmental and economic advantages of FRPs as low-cost sustainable materials aligned with circular economy principles by converting rubber waste into value-added products and reducing dependence on virgin materials. Prospects for FRPs are promising, driven by hybrid materials with multifunctional properties, integration into additive manufacturing, and expansion into energy storage and filtration technologies. Continued innovation in processing and surface functionalization, along with supportive regulatory frameworks, is essential for commercial-scale production and wider industrial adoption. Functional rubber powders, thus represent a key intersection of waste utilization and advanced materials, offering significant potential for enhancing sustainability and performance across multiple sectors.
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How to cite this article
@article{RaiS2025,
author = {Sandeep Rai},
title = {Functional Rubber Particles and Their Applications- A Review},
journal = {International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {02},
pages = {8--16},
issn = {2456-6691},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijcst/article=22531}
}