Literature Review on Overcoming Graphene Dispersion Challenges in Ultra High Performance Concrete: A Review of Self-Dispersion and Bio-Polymer Encapsulation Strategies

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Volume: 12 | Issue: 1 | Year 2026 | Subscription
International Journal of Concrete Technology
Received Date: 01/12/2026
Acceptance Date: 03/10/2026
Published On: 2026-03-12
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By: Veda.V.

Department of Civil Engineering ,Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu

Abstract

Abstract—Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a new generation of cement-based material because of its higher compressive and tensile strength, increased durability, and higher resistance to environmental degradation. However, UHPC undergoes microcracking when subjected to mechanical and thermal loading, which can jeopardize the long-term performance of the structure, decrease service life, and cause expensive maintenance. Traditional solutions to enhance UHPC durability are centered on material densification and fiber strengthening, while these treatments cannot comprehensively respond to the problem of microcrack growth or recover the degradation in functionality that has occurred due to cracking.The latest developments in nanotechnology have brought into light the multifaceted applications of functional nanomaterials like Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) in enhancing UHPC’s mechanical and functional properties. GNPs provide unparalleled mechanical reinforcement, electrical conductivity, and self-sensing, which can be exploited for smart structural health monitoring. Yet, there exists one very significant limitation: it is extremely difficult to ensure uniform dispersion of GNPs within the cement matrix because of their nature to agglomerate, which drastically limits their efficiency and composite performance.This study presents a new strategy based on self-dispersion bio-polymer capsules containing GNPs that are also carriers of healing agents. Such capsules are designed to break under the formation of microcracks, releasing the GNPs and the healing agents directly into the plane of the crack. Such dual functionality enables self-healing autonomously, where the emitted healing agents chemically close the microcracks, and restoration of the conductive network, restoring the material’s self-sensing capability. Essentially, the UHPC matrix acquires a multifunctional ability to simultaneously maintain structural integrity as well as sense its own health.The research entails synthesis and characterization of the bio-polymer capsules, mix design optimization of the UHPC to incorporate these capsules efficiently, and experimental analysis of post-crack recovery in mechanical performance and electrical conductivity. The findings reveal substantial enhancement in crack healing efficiency and recovery of functional properties, pointing towards the potential of this method for creating freely autonomous, long-lasting, and intelligent concrete structures.

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Citation:

How to cite this article: Veda.V Literature Review on Overcoming Graphene Dispersion Challenges in Ultra High Performance Concrete: A Review of Self-Dispersion and Bio-Polymer Encapsulation Strategies. International Journal of Concrete Technology. 2026; 12(1): -p.

How to cite this URL: Veda.V, Literature Review on Overcoming Graphene Dispersion Challenges in Ultra High Performance Concrete: A Review of Self-Dispersion and Bio-Polymer Encapsulation Strategies. International Journal of Concrete Technology. 2026; 12(1): -p. Available from:https://journalspub.com/publication/ijct/article=24755

Refrences:

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