Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications

Maria Imaculada F. Sousa; Jéssica M. Pereira; Livia Maria S. de Lima; Thaís Karine de L. Rezende; Anielle Christine A. Silva

Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications

Maria Imaculada F. Sousa, Jéssica M. Pereira, Livia Maria S. de Lima, Thaís Karine de L. Rezende, Anielle Christine A. Silva | International Journal of Environmental Chemistry | Vol 11, Issue 1 | pp. 34-48 | ISSN: 2456-5245

Abstract

Royal Jelly, a bioactive substance known for its rich composition of proteins, lipids, and minerals, possesses significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its instability in the presence of light, heat, and oxygen limits its practical applications. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, mainly using nanoparticles combined with microencapsulation techniques, have shown promise in enhancing royal jelly’s stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. This brief review explores encapsulated royal jelly’s biological effects and potential applications across various fields, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food technology. By integrating royal jelly with nanoparticles, researchers uncover novel approaches to maximize its therapeutic potential, improving efficacy while reducing side effects. This review highlights the key findings from global research, focusing on the synergies between royal jelly and nanoparticles, and discusses the prospects of this innovative combination in biotechnological applications.

Keywords

ionic gelification, encapsulation, Royal Jelly, Nanoparticles, biocompatibility

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References

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How to cite this article

APA

Sousa, M. I. F., Pereira, J. M., Lima, L. M. S. D., Rezende, T. K. D. L., & Silva, A. C. A. (2025). Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 11(1), 34-48.

MLA

Sousa, Maria Imaculada F., et al. “Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications.” International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, vol. 11, no. 1, 2025, pp. 34-48.

Chicago

Maria Imaculada F. Sousa, Jéssica M. Pereira, Livia Maria S. de Lima, Thaís Karine de L. Rezende, and Anielle Christine A. Silva. “Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications.” International Journal of Environmental Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2025): 34-48.

Vancouver

Sousa MIF, Pereira JM, Lima LMSD, Rezende TKDL, Silva ACA. Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry. 2025;11(1):34-48.

BibTeX

@article{SousaMIF2025,
author = {Maria Imaculada F. Sousa and Jéssica M. Pereira and Livia Maria S. de Lima and Thaís Karine de L. Rezende and Anielle Christine A. Silva},
title = {Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {34--48},
issn = {2456-5245},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijec/article=14617}
}

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Abstract

Keywords

ionic gelification, encapsulation, Royal Jelly, Nanoparticles, biocompatibility

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References

Ghosh S, Jang H, Sun S, Jung C. Nutrient Composition and Quality Assessment of Royal Jelly Samples Relative to Feed Supplements. 2024;13(12):1942–1942. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121942.
Xia Z, Li Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Liu C, Hao Y. CRP and IHF act as host regulators in Royal Jelly’s antibacterial activity. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70164-5.
Salahuddin H, Shaiqah M, Afiful Huda AA, Izzuddin M, Nur Shafiq NM, Nur Hakimah M, et al. Screening of electrospray-operating parameters in the production of alginate-royal jelly microbeads using factorial design. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020;12(6):703. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_249_19.
Bodade RG, Bodade AG. Microencapsulation of bioactive compounds and enzymes for therapeutic applications. Elsevier E Books. 2020;B9780128168974000175(B9780128168974000175):381–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816897-4.00017-5.
Das J, Samadder A, Mondal J, Abraham SK, Khuda Bukhsh AR. Nano-encapsulated chlorophyllin significantly delays progression of lung cancer both in in vitro and in vivo models through activation of mitochondrial signaling cascades and drug-DNA interaction. Environ Toxicol Pharm. 2016;46(S1382668916301843):147–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.006.
Domingo-Diez J, Souiade L, Manzaneda-González V, Sánchez-Díez M, Megı́as D, Andrés Guerrero-Martínez, et al. Effectiveness of Gold Nanorods of Different Sizes in Photothermal Therapy to Eliminate Melanoma and Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mole Sci. 2023;24(17):13306–13306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713306.
Wang J, Liu N, Su Q, Lv Y, Yang C, Zhan H. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Study of Their Inhibitory Effect on Bulk Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells in Breast Carcinoma. 2022;12(19):3324. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193324.
Wang B, Cheng ZJ, Xu Q, Zhu T, Su L, Xue M, et al. Dietary Structure and Nutritional Status of Chinese Beekeepers: Demographic Health Survey. JMIR Public Health and Surveill. 2021;7(5): e28726. https://doi.org/10.2196/28726.
Miyata Y, Araki K, Kojiro Ohba, Tomhiro Mastuo, Nakamura Y, Tsutomu Yuno, et al. Oral intake of royal jelly improves anti-cancer effects and suppresses adverse events of molecular targeted therapy by regulating TNF-α and TGF-β in renal cell carcinoma: A preliminary study based on a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Mole Clin Oncol. 2020;10.3892/mco.2020.2099(10.3892/mco.2020.2099). https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2020.2099.
Pereira KC, Ferreira DCM, Alvarenga GF, Pereira MSS, Barcelos MCS, Costa JMGD. Microencapsulação e liberação controlada por difusão de ingredientes alimentícios produzidos através da secagem por atomização: Revisão. Braz J Food Technol. 2018;21:e2017083 br.
Kim H, Choi H, Kim S, Woo S, Moon H, Han S. Skin Health Improving Effects of Korean Freeze-dried Royal Jelly in Human Keratinocytes. Asian J Beauty and Cosmetol. 2020;18:413–422. https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2020.0056.
He R, Ye J, Wang L, Sun P. Preparation and Evaluation of Microcapsules Encapsulating Royal Jelly Sieve Residue: Flavor and Release Profile. Appl Sci. 2020;10(22):8126. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228126 (Viatnam).
Khosla A, Gupta SJ, Jain A, Shetty DC, Sharma N. Evaluation and comparison of the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly-A holistic healer against periodontopathic bacteria: An in vitro J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2020;24(3):221–226. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_486_19 Malasia.
Khalifa HAM I, Eleiwa NZH, Nazim HA. Royal Jelly, A Super Food, Protects Against Celecoxib-Induced Renal Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats. Canadian J Kidney Health Dis. 2024; 11:20543581241235526. https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581241235526
Endang A, Hasan Z, Andrianto D, Nurfadhilah K. Agrikultura CRI Journal 2 (1) Anticancer Activity of Royal Jelly Apis mellifera Against Widr Cell Line and Hela Cell Line. 2021. https://w3.cbsua.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/3_Anticancer-Activity-of-Royal-jelly-Apis-mellifera-Against-Widr-Cell-Line-and-Hela-Cell-Line.pdf
Álvarez S, Contreras-Kallens P, Aguayo S, Ramírez O, Vallejos C, Ruiz J. Extracellular Vesicles derived from Apis mellifera Royal Jelly promote wound healing by modulating inflammation and cellular responses. 2022, July22. BioRxiv. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501009v1.abstract.
Spanidi E, Athanasopoulou S, Liakopoulou A, Chaidou A, Hatziantoniou S, Gardikis K. Royal Jelly Components Encapsulation in a Controlled Release System-Skin Functionality, and Biochemical Activity for Skin Applications. 2022;15(8):907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15080907 Grecia.
Matuszewska E, Klupczynska A, Maciołek K, Kokot ZJ, Matysiak J. Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland. 2021;26(9):2415. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092415 polonia novo.
Hossein Pourmobini, Arababadi MK, Salahshoor MR, Shiva Roshankhah, Taghavi MM, Zahra Taghipour, et al. The effect of royal jelly and silver nanoparticles on liver and kidney inflammation. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2021;11(3):218. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8140212/.
Shakib Khoob M, Hosseini SM, Kazemi S. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials of Royal Jelly for Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Wistar Rats. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2022;(10.1155/2022/9506026):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9506026.
Perminaitė K, Marksa M, Ivanauskas L, Inkėnienė AM, Grigonis A, Ramanauskienė K. Lithuanian Royal jelly: Quality assessment, biological activity and quantitative determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in various solvents. 2020;31(3): https://doi.org/10.6001/chemija.v31i3.4290 iran.
Jafari A, Nemati M, Zahra Lorigooini, Yazdani M, Salehi M, Soleiman Kheiri, et al. The impact of Royal Jelly on In-Vitro Fertilization outcome in low ovarian reserve women, a randomized clinical trial. Res Sq (Research Square); 2023. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3146472/v1 I
Mokaya HO, Njeru LK, Lattorff HMG. African honeybee royal jelly: Phytochemical contents, free radical scavenging activity, and physicochemical properties. Food Biosci. 2020;37(S2212429220310713):100733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100733
Guo J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J, Tian W, Ma B, et al. Active components and biological functions of royal jelly. J Funct Foods. 20231;82(S1756464621001638):104514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104514
Dong S, Huang Y, Yan H, Tan H, Fan L, Chao M, et al. Ternary heterostructure-driven photoinduced electron-hole separation enhanced oxidative stress for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnol. 2024;22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-02530-4
Wu Y, Zheng Y, Hongmei Li-Byarlay, Shi Y, Wang S, Zheng H, et al. CYP6AS8, a cytochrome P450, is associated with the 10-HDA biosynthesis in honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers. 2020;51(6):1202–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00709-5.
Lin X, Liu S, Luo Y, Xu W, Zhang Y, Zhang T, et al. 10-HDA Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the MAPK, STAT3, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways. Bio Med Res Int. 2020;(10.1155/2020/3042636):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3042636.
Wang H, Deng H, Gao M, Zhang W. Elf-assembled nanogels based on ionic gelation of natural polysaccharides for drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:703559. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering and biotechnology/articles/10.3389/ fbioe.2021.703559/full.
Yoon K, Jung S, Ryu J, Park HJ, Oh HK, Kook MS. Redox-Sensitive Delivery of Doxorubicin from Nanoparticles of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Chitosan Copolymer for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(18):13704–13704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813704.
Uthaibutra V, Kaewkod T, Prapawilai P, Pandith H, Tragoolpua Y. Inhibition of Skin Pathogenic Bacteria, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Royal Jelly from Northern Thailand. 2023;28(3):996. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030996 Tailandia.
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@article{SousaMIF2025,
author = {Maria Imaculada F. Sousa and Jéssica M. Pereira and Livia Maria S. de Lima and Thaís Karine de L. Rezende and Anielle Christine A. Silva},
title = {Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {34--48},
issn = {2456-5245},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijec/article=14617}
}

Abstract

Keywords

ionic gelification, encapsulation, Royal Jelly, Nanoparticles, biocompatibility

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References

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Khalifa HAM I, Eleiwa NZH, Nazim HA. Royal Jelly, A Super Food, Protects Against Celecoxib-Induced Renal Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats. Canadian J Kidney Health Dis. 2024; 11:20543581241235526. https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581241235526
Endang A, Hasan Z, Andrianto D, Nurfadhilah K. Agrikultura CRI Journal 2 (1) Anticancer Activity of Royal Jelly Apis mellifera Against Widr Cell Line and Hela Cell Line. 2021. https://w3.cbsua.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/3_Anticancer-Activity-of-Royal-jelly-Apis-mellifera-Against-Widr-Cell-Line-and-Hela-Cell-Line.pdf
Álvarez S, Contreras-Kallens P, Aguayo S, Ramírez O, Vallejos C, Ruiz J. Extracellular Vesicles derived from Apis mellifera Royal Jelly promote wound healing by modulating inflammation and cellular responses. 2022, July22. BioRxiv. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501009v1.abstract.
Spanidi E, Athanasopoulou S, Liakopoulou A, Chaidou A, Hatziantoniou S, Gardikis K. Royal Jelly Components Encapsulation in a Controlled Release System-Skin Functionality, and Biochemical Activity for Skin Applications. 2022;15(8):907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15080907 Grecia.
Matuszewska E, Klupczynska A, Maciołek K, Kokot ZJ, Matysiak J. Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland. 2021;26(9):2415. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092415 polonia novo.
Hossein Pourmobini, Arababadi MK, Salahshoor MR, Shiva Roshankhah, Taghavi MM, Zahra Taghipour, et al. The effect of royal jelly and silver nanoparticles on liver and kidney inflammation. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2021;11(3):218. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8140212/.
Shakib Khoob M, Hosseini SM, Kazemi S. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials of Royal Jelly for Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Wistar Rats. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2022;(10.1155/2022/9506026):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9506026.
Perminaitė K, Marksa M, Ivanauskas L, Inkėnienė AM, Grigonis A, Ramanauskienė K. Lithuanian Royal jelly: Quality assessment, biological activity and quantitative determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in various solvents. 2020;31(3): https://doi.org/10.6001/chemija.v31i3.4290 iran.
Jafari A, Nemati M, Zahra Lorigooini, Yazdani M, Salehi M, Soleiman Kheiri, et al. The impact of Royal Jelly on In-Vitro Fertilization outcome in low ovarian reserve women, a randomized clinical trial. Res Sq (Research Square); 2023. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3146472/v1 I
Mokaya HO, Njeru LK, Lattorff HMG. African honeybee royal jelly: Phytochemical contents, free radical scavenging activity, and physicochemical properties. Food Biosci. 2020;37(S2212429220310713):100733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100733
Guo J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J, Tian W, Ma B, et al. Active components and biological functions of royal jelly. J Funct Foods. 20231;82(S1756464621001638):104514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104514
Dong S, Huang Y, Yan H, Tan H, Fan L, Chao M, et al. Ternary heterostructure-driven photoinduced electron-hole separation enhanced oxidative stress for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnol. 2024;22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-02530-4
Wu Y, Zheng Y, Hongmei Li-Byarlay, Shi Y, Wang S, Zheng H, et al. CYP6AS8, a cytochrome P450, is associated with the 10-HDA biosynthesis in honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers. 2020;51(6):1202–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00709-5.
Lin X, Liu S, Luo Y, Xu W, Zhang Y, Zhang T, et al. 10-HDA Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the MAPK, STAT3, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways. Bio Med Res Int. 2020;(10.1155/2020/3042636):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3042636.
Wang H, Deng H, Gao M, Zhang W. Elf-assembled nanogels based on ionic gelation of natural polysaccharides for drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:703559. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering and biotechnology/articles/10.3389/ fbioe.2021.703559/full.
Yoon K, Jung S, Ryu J, Park HJ, Oh HK, Kook MS. Redox-Sensitive Delivery of Doxorubicin from Nanoparticles of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Chitosan Copolymer for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(18):13704–13704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813704.
Uthaibutra V, Kaewkod T, Prapawilai P, Pandith H, Tragoolpua Y. Inhibition of Skin Pathogenic Bacteria, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Royal Jelly from Northern Thailand. 2023;28(3):996. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030996 Tailandia.
Nainu F, Masyita A, Bahar Muh A, Raihan M, Prova SR, Mitra S, et al. Pharmaceutical Prospects of Bee Products: Special Focus on Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Properties. Antibiotics. 2021;10(7):822. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070822
El-Guendouz S, Machado AM, Aazza S, Lyoussi B, Miguel MG, Mateus MC, et al. Chemical Characterization and Biological Properties of Royal Jelly Samples From the Mediterranean Area. Nat Prod Commun. 2020;15(2):1934578X2090808. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20908080.
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@article{SousaMIF2025,
author = {Maria Imaculada F. Sousa and Jéssica M. Pereira and Livia Maria S. de Lima and Thaís Karine de L. Rezende and Anielle Christine A. Silva},
title = {Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {34--48},
issn = {2456-5245},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijec/article=14617}
}

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