This study evaluates the effectiveness of Baobab (Adansonia) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) in powdered form, combined with yeast and NPK fertilizer, for the bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in polluted swampy and clay soils. Over an 84-day period, both treatments significantly enhanced TPH degradation, with Neem showing slightly better performance overall. In swampy soil, TPH removal ranged from 97.78% (Baobab) to 98.50% (Neem), while in clay soil, it ranged from 97.38% (Baobab) to 97.69% (Neem). The degradation rates varied depending on treatment weight, with higher treatment weights resulting in more effective TPH removal. In swampy soil, Baobab’s TPH degradation increased from 60.79% at 20g to 97.78% at 100g, while Neem’s degradation rose from 64.95% to 98.50%. In clay soil, Baobab’s degradation increased from 66.89% to 97.38%, and Neem’s degradation increased from 69.74% to 97.69%. The results also showed that Baobab was more effective during the first 42 days in clay soil, but after 42 days, Neem slightly outperformed Baobab, likely due to its higher nutrient content promoting microbial degradation. The findings suggest that both Baobab and Neem, when combined with yeast and NPK, are effective and sustainable bioremediation agents for TPH removal, with Neem showing a slight edge, particularly in swampy soils. This highlights the potential of using plant-based treatments for soil decontamination, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods.

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1. Obinna OA, Chibuike US, Onwurah IN. Variation in the carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) utilization during the biodegradation of crude oil in soil. J Petroleum Environ Biotechnol. 2015 Jan 1;6(2):1.
2. Mohammadi-Sichani MM, Assadi MM, Farazmand A, Kianirad M, Ahadi AM, Ghahderijani HH. Bioremediation of soil contaminated crude oil by Agaricomycetes. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2017 Dec;15:1–6.
3. MP B, Clemente R, Walker DJ. The role of organic amendments in the bioremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. Environ Res Leading Edge. 2007:1.
4. Ehirim OE, Walter C, Ukpaka CP. Mix model formulation for TPH prediction during bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Am J Eng Res. 2020;9(4):01–11.
5. Ofoegbu RU, Momoh YO, Nwaogazie IL. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using organic and inorganic fertilizers. J Petroleum Environ Biotechnol. 2015 Jan 1;6(1):1.
6. Udom BE, Nuga BO. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a tropical ultisol using legume plants and organic manure. J Agric Sci. 2015 Apr 1;7(4):174.
7. Aghalibe CU, Igwe JC, Obike AI. Studies on the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) from a crude oil impacted soil amended with cow dung, poultry manure and npk fertilizer. Chem Res J. 2017;2(4):22–s30.
8. Neebee E, Nkwocha EE, Oguzie EE. Effectiveness of NPK Fertilizer-Saw Dust Amendment on Biodegradation of Crude Oil in Polluted Soil. Int J Adv Sci Res Eng. 5(5):56. 2019 May;67.
9. Ere W, Chie-Amadi GO, Amagbo LG. Variations in Properties of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil under Bio-Wastes Treatments. Int J Adv Acad Res| Sci, Technol Eng. 2020 May;6(5).
10. Ukpaka CP. Kingdom U. Effect of Physicochemical Parameters on Screening Characteristics of Suspension in Bioremediation Sampling. J Anal Bioanal Tech. 2017;8(345):2.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Baobab (Adansonia) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) in powdered form, combined with yeast and NPK fertilizer, for the bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in polluted swampy and clay soils. Over an 84-day period, both treatments significantly enhanced TPH degradation, with Neem showing slightly better performance overall. In swampy soil, TPH removal ranged from 97.78% (Baobab) to 98.50% (Neem), while in clay soil, it ranged from 97.38% (Baobab) to 97.69% (Neem). The degradation rates varied depending on treatment weight, with higher treatment weights resulting in more effective TPH removal. In swampy soil, Baobab’s TPH degradation increased from 60.79% at 20g to 97.78% at 100g, while Neem’s degradation rose from 64.95% to 98.50%. In clay soil, Baobab’s degradation increased from 66.89% to 97.38%, and Neem’s degradation increased from 69.74% to 97.69%. The results also showed that Baobab was more effective during the first 42 days in clay soil, but after 42 days, Neem slightly outperformed Baobab, likely due to its higher nutrient content promoting microbial degradation. The findings suggest that both Baobab and Neem, when combined with yeast and NPK, are effective and sustainable bioremediation agents for TPH removal, with Neem showing a slight edge, particularly in swampy soils. This highlights the potential of using plant-based treatments for soil decontamination, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Obinna OA, Chibuike US, Onwurah IN. Variation in the carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) utilization during the biodegradation of crude oil in soil. J Petroleum Environ Biotechnol. 2015 Jan 1;6(2):1.
2. Mohammadi-Sichani MM, Assadi MM, Farazmand A, Kianirad M, Ahadi AM, Ghahderijani HH. Bioremediation of soil contaminated crude oil by Agaricomycetes. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2017 Dec;15:1–6.
3. MP B, Clemente R, Walker DJ. The role of organic amendments in the bioremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. Environ Res Leading Edge. 2007:1.
4. Ehirim OE, Walter C, Ukpaka CP. Mix model formulation for TPH prediction during bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Am J Eng Res. 2020;9(4):01–11.
5. Ofoegbu RU, Momoh YO, Nwaogazie IL. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using organic and inorganic fertilizers. J Petroleum Environ Biotechnol. 2015 Jan 1;6(1):1.
6. Udom BE, Nuga BO. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a tropical ultisol using legume plants and organic manure. J Agric Sci. 2015 Apr 1;7(4):174.
7. Aghalibe CU, Igwe JC, Obike AI. Studies on the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) from a crude oil impacted soil amended with cow dung, poultry manure and npk fertilizer. Chem Res J. 2017;2(4):22–s30.
8. Neebee E, Nkwocha EE, Oguzie EE. Effectiveness of NPK Fertilizer-Saw Dust Amendment on Biodegradation of Crude Oil in Polluted Soil. Int J Adv Sci Res Eng. 5(5):56. 2019 May;67.
9. Ere W, Chie-Amadi GO, Amagbo LG. Variations in Properties of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil under Bio-Wastes Treatments. Int J Adv Acad Res| Sci, Technol Eng. 2020 May;6(5).
10. Ukpaka CP. Kingdom U. Effect of Physicochemical Parameters on Screening Characteristics of Suspension in Bioremediation Sampling. J Anal Bioanal Tech. 2017;8(345):2.