Thiadiazole, a heterocyclic core, has garnered significant interest from chemists seeking novel therapeutic agents. The synthetic route for the target compounds is depicted in Scheme 1. The compounds were synthesized with favorable yields through the condensation of hydroquinone with various organic reagents. They underwent physical characterization and were analyzed using spectroscopic methods, including infrared (FTIR) and NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectrum of the product exhibited a ν(C=N) absorption band at 1580 cm⁻¹, indicative of the thiadiazole ring and confirming successful cyclization. The synthesized compounds were assessed in vitro for their antifungal activity against three plant pathogenic fungi—Helminthosporium tetramera, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium decombens—at two distinct concentrations, employing the paper-disc plate method as outlined by Thornberry, with standard potato dextrose agar medium. The prepared agar and petri dishes were sterilized via autoclaving at 121°C for 15 minutes. The agar plates were evenly inoculated using broth cultures of the test microorganisms. After solidification, wells with a diameter of 6 mm were created in the medium, and each well received 100 µl of the test compounds (1 mg of compound in 1 ml of DMSO). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the control solvent. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours, after which the zones of inhibition were measured and recorded in millimetres. The synthesized compound demonstrated efficacy against all tested fungi at both concentrations. This research further investigates the biological properties of thiadiazoles, providing a succinct overview to aid researchers in expanding the utilization of these compounds in medicinal and coordination chemistry, and other relevant areas.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Chandurwala S, Balachandran H, Gowramma B, Yokkesh M, Pranav V, Vinethmartin J, et al. A recent progress in biological activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives: A review. Curr Top Med Chem. 2025.
2. Kikkeri P, Kikkeri NM, Lingappamallesha. Synthesis of pyrazine substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and their anticonvulsant activity. Org Chem Int. 2013:1–8.
3. Chapleo, C. B., Myers, M., Myers, P. L., Saville, J. F., Smith, A. C., Stillings, M. R., ... & Welbourn, A. P. (1986). Substituted 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles with anticonvulsant activity. 1. Hydrazines. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 29(11), 2273-2280.
4. Kumar, K., Manna, K., & Bhatt, H. (2019). Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of substituted 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives as anticonvulsant agents. Nirma University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(1), 15-26.
5. Choubey A, Kumar P, Asati V. Synthesis and characterization of novel 3-(aminomethyl)-5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as anticancer agents. J Adv Sci Res. 2021;12:154–164.
6. Aksenov, N. A., Arutiunov, N. A., Kirillov, N. K., Aksenov, D. A., Aksenov, A. V., & Rubin, M. (2020). Preparation of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles and 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles via chemoselective сyclocondensation of electrophilically activated nitroalkanes to (thio) semicarbazides or thiohydrazides. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, 56(8), 1067-1072.
7. Sharma PC, Sinhmar A, Sharma A, Rajak H, Pathak DP. Medicinal significance of benzothiazole scaffold: An insight view. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2013;28:240–266.
8. Zhu H, Hu Y, Li C, Wang XW, Yang Y. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem Rev. 2014;114:5572.
9. Hoggarth E. Compound related to thiosemicarbzide. Part II. 1-benzoylthiosemicarbzides. J Chem Soc. 1949:1163.
10. Othman AA, Kihel M, Amara S. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents. Arab J Chem. 2014;12:1660–1675.
11. Johnson DS, Li JJ. The Art of Drug Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2007. p. 40–72.
12. Fernandez L, Breidenstein EB, Hancock RE. Creeping baselines and adaptive resistance to antibiotics. Drug Resist Updat. 2011;14:1–21.

Thiadiazole, a heterocyclic core, has garnered significant interest from chemists seeking novel therapeutic agents. The synthetic route for the target compounds is depicted in Scheme 1. The compounds were synthesized with favorable yields through the condensation of hydroquinone with various organic reagents. They underwent physical characterization and were analyzed using spectroscopic methods, including infrared (FTIR) and NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectrum of the product exhibited a ν(C=N) absorption band at 1580 cm⁻¹, indicative of the thiadiazole ring and confirming successful cyclization. The synthesized compounds were assessed in vitro for their antifungal activity against three plant pathogenic fungi—Helminthosporium tetramera, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium decombens—at two distinct concentrations, employing the paper-disc plate method as outlined by Thornberry, with standard potato dextrose agar medium. The prepared agar and petri dishes were sterilized via autoclaving at 121°C for 15 minutes. The agar plates were evenly inoculated using broth cultures of the test microorganisms. After solidification, wells with a diameter of 6 mm were created in the medium, and each well received 100 µl of the test compounds (1 mg of compound in 1 ml of DMSO). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the control solvent. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours, after which the zones of inhibition were measured and recorded in millimetres. The synthesized compound demonstrated efficacy against all tested fungi at both concentrations. This research further investigates the biological properties of thiadiazoles, providing a succinct overview to aid researchers in expanding the utilization of these compounds in medicinal and coordination chemistry, and other relevant areas.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Chandurwala S, Balachandran H, Gowramma B, Yokkesh M, Pranav V, Vinethmartin J, et al. A recent progress in biological activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives: A review. Curr Top Med Chem. 2025.
2. Kikkeri P, Kikkeri NM, Lingappamallesha. Synthesis of pyrazine substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and their anticonvulsant activity. Org Chem Int. 2013:1–8.
3. Chapleo, C. B., Myers, M., Myers, P. L., Saville, J. F., Smith, A. C., Stillings, M. R., ... & Welbourn, A. P. (1986). Substituted 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles with anticonvulsant activity. 1. Hydrazines. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 29(11), 2273-2280.
4. Kumar, K., Manna, K., & Bhatt, H. (2019). Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of substituted 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives as anticonvulsant agents. Nirma University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(1), 15-26.
5. Choubey A, Kumar P, Asati V. Synthesis and characterization of novel 3-(aminomethyl)-5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as anticancer agents. J Adv Sci Res. 2021;12:154–164.
6. Aksenov, N. A., Arutiunov, N. A., Kirillov, N. K., Aksenov, D. A., Aksenov, A. V., & Rubin, M. (2020). Preparation of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles and 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles via chemoselective сyclocondensation of electrophilically activated nitroalkanes to (thio) semicarbazides or thiohydrazides. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, 56(8), 1067-1072.
7. Sharma PC, Sinhmar A, Sharma A, Rajak H, Pathak DP. Medicinal significance of benzothiazole scaffold: An insight view. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2013;28:240–266.
8. Zhu H, Hu Y, Li C, Wang XW, Yang Y. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem Rev. 2014;114:5572.
9. Hoggarth E. Compound related to thiosemicarbzide. Part II. 1-benzoylthiosemicarbzides. J Chem Soc. 1949:1163.
10. Othman AA, Kihel M, Amara S. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents. Arab J Chem. 2014;12:1660–1675.
11. Johnson DS, Li JJ. The Art of Drug Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2007. p. 40–72.
12. Fernandez L, Breidenstein EB, Hancock RE. Creeping baselines and adaptive resistance to antibiotics. Drug Resist Updat. 2011;14:1–21.