J. Samuel KAMANDA, Atul Khajuria, Eric Kwasi Elliason, Stephen Monday | International Journal of Immunological Nursing | Vol 11, Issue 02 | pp. 1-7
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a major public health concern, disproportionately affecting women due to hormonal, genetic, and environmental influences. This hospital-based study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of ADs among women in Punjab, India. A total of 800 participants (680 cases, 120 controls) aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Inclusion criteria comprised confirmed AD diagnoses (per standard classification criteria), while exclusion criteria eliminated confounding conditions. Data on demographics, lifestyle, and clinical parameters were collected. The most prevalent ADs were thyroid disorders (32.4%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (28.7%), and psoriasis (12.5%). Risk factors included family history (OR=3.2, p<0.001), obesity (OR=2.1, p=0.003), and vitamin D deficiency (OR=1.8, p=0.02). Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in disease distribution and associated risk factors. This study highlights the high burden of ADs among Punjabi women and underscores the need for targeted screening and prevention strategies.
Keywords: Autoimmune diseases, prevalence, risk factors, women’s health, Punjab
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How to cite this article
APA
KAMANDA, J. S., Khajuria, A., Elliason, E. K., & Monday, S. (2025). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study. International Journal of Immunological Nursing, 11(02), 1-7.MLA
KAMANDA, J. Samuel, et al. “Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study.” International Journal of Immunological Nursing, vol. 11, no. 02, 2025, pp. 1-7.Chicago
J. Samuel KAMANDA, Atul Khajuria, Eric Kwasi Elliason, and Stephen Monday. “Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study.” International Journal of Immunological Nursing 11, no. 02 (2025): 1-7.Vancouver
KAMANDA JS, Khajuria A, Elliason EK, Monday S. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study. International Journal of Immunological Nursing. 2025;11(02):1-7.BibTeX
@article{KAMANDAJS2025,
author = {J. Samuel KAMANDA and Atul Khajuria and Eric Kwasi Elliason and Stephen Monday},
title = {Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study},
journal = {International Journal of Immunological Nursing},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {02},
pages = {1--7},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijin/article=22924}
}