We have obtained mechanical strength of materials as a result not by synthesizing new polymers, but by using industrial polymers. We have developed a technology for obtaining new composite materials based on industrial multi-tonnage polymers of high-strength polyethylene (HSPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (DUTEP), butyl rubber (BR), chlorocarboxylate polyethylene (CCPE), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). To obtain a composition from these polymers, their mixture compatibility was first determined using the most modern methods. Thermodynamic compatibility of the butyl rubber–polyethylene (BR–LDPE), polyvinyl chloride, HSPE, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, PVC-chlorocarboxylate polyethylene (CPE), (CREP–VC) systems was studied using inverse gas chromatography methods, and structural features of these systems were revealed using IR spectroscopy and polarization microscopy. The study demonstrated that the incorporation of polyfunctional groups, such as chlorine, hydroxyl, and carboxyl, markedly influences the compatibility mechanism. These groups provide a broad range of enhanced properties – including improved adhesive performance, higher tensile and tear strength, and greater resistance to thermal and chemical degradation – primarily due to intermolecular polar interactions among macromolecules. The solubility parameters of four polymers with varying degrees of polarity were evaluated using turbidimetric titration (TDT) and inverse gas chromatography techniques. Based on the temperature dependence of the solubility parameter derived from the retention times of sorbents, the solubility parameter value at 25°C was calculated and subsequently compared with the value obtained by the TDT method at the same temperature. It was observed that the discrepancy between the solubility parameter values determined by the two methods increased with increasing polymer polarity. This phenomenon is attributed to the fundamentally contrasting states of the investigated polymer–solvent systems.

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1. Zaikin AE, Bobrov GB. Visokomolekulyarniye soyedineniya, Seriya A. 2012;54:1275.
2. Zaikin AE, Bobrov GB. Compatibilization of mixtures of incompatible polymers by filling. High Mol Compd. 2012;(8):1275–1282.
3. Klezmer VN, Surikov PV. Phase equilibria in three-component mixtures of polymers. High Mol Compd. 2012;(11):1602–1609.
4. Belov NA, Safronov AP, Yampolsky YP. Inverted gas chromatography and thermodynamics of sorption in polymers. High Mol Compd. 2012;(11):1631–1647.
5. Bundjali B, Yudistira I, JAriah B, Sukria L. Study on properties of polymer blends from polypropylene with polycaprolactone and their biodegradability. Polym J. 2007;39(12):1337–1344.
6. Shixaliyev K. Properties of the composition based on modified polyethylenes. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2020;9:2484–2493. SCOPUS https://www.ijitee.org/download/volume-9-issue-7/.
7. Shixaliyev K. Modification of polymer wastes and obtaining composites based on them annotation. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2020;9(5):1072–1076. Number-E2156039520 | 2020 © BEIESP https://www.ijitee.org/instructions-for-authors/.
8. Amirov F, Shixaliyev K. Properties of linear low-density polyethylene. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2020;9(9):348–352. SCOPUS https://www.ijitee.org/download/volume-9-issue-3/.
9. Shixaliyev K. Paint and varnish materials based on epoxy novolac oligomers. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(Special Issue-02):351–358.
10. ShixaliyexSefi K. Determination of compatibility of polymer systems, SKEP, PU, KhKPE, and CH chemical features of their mixtures. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(Special Issue-02):359–370.
11. Mrozowski-Serene M, Horseshows M. Infrared spectroscopy methods in reservoir rocks analysis—semiquantitative approach for carbonate rocks. Natta-Gaz. 2018;74:802–812. doi: 18668/NG.2018.11.04.
12. Jarrah IK, Sepedi O, She khan M, Softy MV, Ayatollah S. Wettability alteration of carbonate rocks by surfactants: A mechanistic study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2012;410:1–10. doi: 1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.007.
13. Sönmez MA, Juganaru M, Ficai AN, Ficai DE, Oprea OV, Gurau D, et al. Dolomite surface modification with titania and silica precursors and its morphostructural and thermal characterization. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems; 2020 Oct 1–3. pp. 1–3.
14. Shahraki BK, Mehrabian B, Daribi R. Thermal behavior of Zerah Dolomite Mine (Central Iran). J Min Metall Sect B Metall. 2009;45:35–44. doi: 2298/JMMB0901035S.
15. Gunasekaran S, An balagan G, Panda S. Raman and infrared spectra of carbonates of calcite structure. J Raman Spectrosc. 2006;37:892–899. doi: 1002/jrs.1518.
16. Ji J, Ge Y, Balsam W, Demuth JE, Chen J. Rapid identification of dolomite using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR): A fast method for identifying Heinrich events in IODP Site U1308. Mar Geol. 2009;258:60–68. doi: 1016/j.margeo.2008.11.007.
17. Chen Y, Zhang X, Wang B, M, Zhu Y, Gao J. Fabrication and characterization of novel shape-stabilized stearic acid composite phase change materials with tannic-acid-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for thermal energy storage. RSC Adv. 2017;7:15625–15631. doi: 1039/C7RA00964J.
18. Alam MN, Azam S, Yun J, Park SS. Critical role of rubber functionalities on the mechanical and electrical responses of carbon nanotube-based electroactive rubber composites. Polymers. 2025;17(2):127. doi: 3390/polym17020127.
19. Zhu C, Li K, Liu X, Li Y, Yin J, Hong L, et al. Enhanced dielectric performance in PVDF-based composites by introducing a transition interface. Polymers. 2025 Jan 8;17(2):137. doi: 3390/polym17020137.
20. Barbalinardo M, Falini G, Montroni D. Sustainable 3D scaffolds based on β-chitin and collagen I for wound dressing applications. Polymers. 2025;17(2):140. doi: 3390/polym17020140.
21. Cherradi Y, Cerbu C, Rosca IC, Seman A, El Qarnia H, Dimokrati A, et al. Acoustic, mechanical, and thermal characterization of polyvinyl acetate (PVA)-based wood composites reinforced with beech and oak wood fibers. Polymers. 2025 Jan 8;17(2):142. doi:3390/polym17020142.
22. Pergal MV, Brkljačić J, Vasiljević-Radović D, Steinhart M, Ostojić S, Dojčinović B, et al. Structure and functional characteristics of novel polyurethane/ferrite nanocomposites with antioxidant properties and improved biocompatibility for vascular graft development. Polymers. 2025 Jan;17(2):152. doi: 3390/polym17020152.
23. Jabreen L, Maruthapandi M, Durairaj A. Ultrasonic deposition of cellulose nanocrystals on substrates for enhanced eradication activity on multidrug-resistant pathogens. Polymers. 2025;17(2):154. doi: 3390/polym17020154.
24. Parchaykina MV, Liyaskina EV, Bogatyreva AO. Cost-effective production of bacterial cellulose and tubular materials by cultivating Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans B-11267 on a molasses medium. Polymers. 2025;17(2):179. doi: 3390/polym17020179.
25. Lu M, Lu X, Tao W, Lin J, Li C, Li S. A novel exopolysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. MT01 and its potential application in enhanced oil recovery. Polymers. 2025 Jan 14;17(2):186. doi: 3390/polym17020186.
26. Zhao L, Xing P, Zhao L, Yang Q. Optimization study of a high-efficiency preservative for ammonia-free concentrated natural rubber latex. Polymers. 2025;17(2):188. doi: 3390/polym17020188.
27. Barrera Torres G, Gutierrez Aguilar CM, Lozada ER, Tabares Montoya MJ, Ángel Álvarez BE, Sánchez JC, et al. Application of post-industrial leather waste for the development of sustainable rubber composites. Polymers. 2025 Jan;17(2):190. doi: 3390/polym17020190.
28. Fatkullin M, Petrov I, Dogadina E, Kogolev D, Vorobiev A, Postnikov P, et al. Electrochemical switching of laser-induced graphene/polymer composites for tunable electronics. Polymers. 2025 Jan 14;17(2):192. doi: 3390/polym17020192.
29. Ciobanu RC, Aflori M, Scheiner CM, Aradoaei M, Buncianu D. Silicone composites with electrically oriented boron nitride platelets and carbon microfibers for thermal management of electronics. Polymers. 2025 Jan 15;17(2):204. doi: 3390/polym17020204.
30. Hara S, Kojima A, Furukawa A, Toyama T, Ikake H, Shimizu S, et al. Mechanical properties and decomposition behavior of compression moldable Poly(Malic Acid)/α-Tricalcium Phosphate hybrid materials. Polymers. 2025 Jan 9;17(2):147. doi: 3390/polym17020147.
31. Mammadova R, Aghayeva T, Alieva Z. Improving quality and functional properties of tea-based drinks. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215836118.
32. Ciobanu RC, Aflori M, Scheiner CM, Aradoaei M, Buncianu D. Silicone composites with electrically oriented boron nitride platelets and carbon microfibers for thermal management of electronics. Polymers. 2025 Jan 15;17(2):204. doi: 3390/polym17020204.
33. Ewurum N, McDonald AG. Lignin reinforcement in polybutylene succinate copolymers. Polymers. 2025;17(2):194. doi: 3390/polym17020194.
34. Plamadiala P, Croitoru C, Pop MA, Roata IC. Enhancing polylactic acid (PLA) performance: A review of additives in fused deposition modelling (FDM) filaments. Polymers. 2025;17(2):191. doi: 3390/polym17020191.
35. Alam MN, Azam S, Yun J, Park SS. Critical role of rubber functionalities on the mechanical and electrical responses of carbon nanotube-based electroactive rubber composites. Polymers. 2025;17(2):127. doi: 3390/polym17020127.
36. Amirli FA, Mammadova RE, Eyvazov A. Preparation of adhesive composition based on allyl propionate-styrene-malic anhydride tertiary copolymer. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri? authorId=57215836118.
37. Mammadova R, Asgarli A. Chemical modification of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer and investigation with spectroscopic techniques. Ger Int J Mod Sci. 2024;(80):16. doi: 5281/ zenodo.11211848.
38. Shixaliyev KS. Modification of the used up polymeric materials and investigation of the properties of the materials obtained. J Med Pharm Allied Sci. 2022;11(2):4697–4702. doi: 35940/ijitee.G5721.079920.
39. Shixaliyev K. Investigation of the subsequent use of lands along the Araz River contaminated with heavy metals. J Aeronaut Mater. 2023;43(1):102–111. https://www.scopus.com/authid/ uri?authorId=57215836118.
40. Shixaliyev K. Study of the properties of the composition obtained based on mixtures of polyvinyl chloride and ethylene-propylene copolymers. J Aeronaut Mater. 2023;43(1):112–118. https:// http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215836118.
41. Shixaliyev K. Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of the composition obtained based on polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber ethylene propylene terpolymer, and plasticize. Qeios. 2023 Mar 21:1–9. doi: 32388/ZCAXYW.2.
42. Shixaliyev K. Study of the properties of the composition obtained based on mixtures of polyvinyl chloride and ethylene-propylene copolymers. Int J Curr Sci Res Rev. 2023;6(1):314–318. doi: 31838/ECB/2023.12.si5.023.
43. Shixaliyev K. Investigating recycling methods of end-of-life car tires. J Adv Zool. 2023;44(S-3):1149–1157. doi: 17762/jaz.v44iS-3.1205.
44. Shixaliyev K. Investigation of the properties of a composition obtained based on mixtures of polyvinylchloride and synthetic rubber ethylene propylene terpolymer. J Coast Life Med. 2023;11(1):2653–2658. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215836118.
45. Shixaliyev K. Generalization of the temperature dependence of some physical properties of high-strength polyethylene using the method of given parameters. J Harbin Eng Univ. 2024;45(1):431–438. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215836118.
46. Shixaliyev K. Discontinued high-density and low-density polyethylene purchase of environmentally friendly road surfaces. J Harbin Eng Univ. 2024;45(1):422–430. https://www. com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215836118.
47. Shixaliyev K. Polymers functionalized by wood resin and oil-gasoline-resistant rubber based on them. J Harbin Eng Univ. 2024;45(1):439–418. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri? authorId=57215836118.
48. Shixaliyev K. Determination of rubber-cord connection on the basis of latex synthesized on the basis of ethylene-propylene rubber. China Pet Process Petrochem Technol. 2024;24(1):117–126. https://zgsyjgysyhgjs.cn/index.php/reric/article/view/2024-117.html.
49. Shixaliyev K. Development and implementation of production technologies for producing composite materials and tires based on polyurethane systems features of polyurethane rheology. Proc Azerbaijan High Tech Educ Inst. 2024;24(1):292–304. https://www.scopus.com/authid/ uri?authorId=57215836118.
50. Shixaliyev K, Mustafayev A. Effect of modification on chemical and technological properties of polybutylene terephthalate. In: Proceedings of IV International Scientific and Practical Conference; Barcelona, Spain; 22–24 Apr 2024. p.126–138. ISBN:978-84-15927-35-8. UDC 001.1.
51. Alizade T. Physico-mechanical properties of petroleum road bitumen modified on the basis of styrene-butadiene butyl rubber. In: Innovative scientific research proceedings of the IX International Scientific and Practical Conference; 14–15 Mar 2024. p.34–40. doi: 5281/zenodo.10882832.
52. Shixaliyev K. Paint and varnish materials based on epoxy novolac oligomers. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(Special Issue-02):351–358. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri? authorId=57215836118.
53. Shixaliyev K. Application of heavy metal ions separation from contaminated water in industry. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(Special Issue-02):351–358. https://www.scopus.com/authid/ uri?authorId=57215836118.
54. Şıxəliyev K. Application of heavy metal ions separation from contaminated water in industry. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2021;9(6):132–134. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri? origin=resultslist&authorId=57215860756.
55. Shixaliyev K. Development and implementation in industry technology of obtaining composite materials and products based on polyvinyl chloride. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(2 Special Issue):359–370.
56. Shixaliyev K. Paint and varnish materials based on epoxy novolac oligomers. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(Special Issue 2):351–358. doi: 35940/ijitee.G5721.079920.
57. Shixaliyev K. Determination of rubber-cord connection on the basis of latex synthesized on the basis of ethylene-propylene rubber. China Pet Process Petrochem Technol. 2024;24(1):117–126. doi: 35940/ijitee.G5721.079920.
58. Shixaliyev K. Properties of petroleum road bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber and nano-sized dolomite. J Harbin Eng Univ. 2024;45(7):226–231. https://harbinengineeringjournal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/3019.
59. Alam MN, Azam S, Yun J, Park SS. Critical role of rubber functionalities on the mechanical and electrical responses of carbon nanotube-based electroactive rubber composites. Polymers. 2025;17(2):127. doi:3390/polym17020127.
60. Barbalinardo M, Falini G, Montroni D. Sustainable 3D scaffolds based on β-chitin and collagen I for wound dressing applications. Polymers. 2025;17(2):140. doi:3390/polym17020140.
61. Cherradi Y, Cerbu C, Rosca IC, Seman A, El Qarnia H, Dimokrati A, et al. Acoustic, mechanical, and thermal characterization of polyvinyl acetate (PVA)-based wood composites reinforced with beech and oak wood fibers. Polymers. 2025 Jan 8;17(2):142. doi:3390/polym17020142.
62. Hara S, Kojima A, Furukawa A, Toyama T, Ikake H, Shimizu S, et al. Mechanical properties and decomposition behavior of compression moldable Poly(Malic Acid)/α-Tricalcium Phosphate hybrid materials. Polymers. 2025 Jan 9;17(2):147. doi: 3390/polym17020147.
63. Pergal MV, Brkljačić J, Vasiljević-Radović D, Steinhart M, Ostojić S, Dojčinović B, et al. Structure and functional characteristics of novel polyurethane/ferrite nanocomposites with antioxidant properties and improved biocompatibility for vascular graft development. Polymers. 2025 Jan;17(2):152. doi: 3390/polym17020152.
64. Jabreen L, Maruthapandi M, Durairaj A. Ultrasonic deposition of cellulose nanocrystals on substrates for enhanced eradication activity on multidrug-resistant pathogens. Polymers. 2025;17(2):154. doi: 3390/polym17020154.
65. Parchaykina MV, Liyaskina EV, Bogatyreva AO, Baykov MA, Gotina DS, Arzhanov NE, et al. Cost-effective production of bacterial cellulose and tubular materials by cultivating Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans B-11267 on a molasses medium. Polymers. 2025 Jan 14;17(2):179. doi: 3390/polym17020179.
66. Lu M, Lu X, Tao W, Lin J, Li C, Li S. A novel exopolysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. MT01 and its potential application in enhanced oil recovery. Polymers. 2025 Jan 14;17(2):186. doi: 3390/polym17020186.
67. Zhao L, Xing P, Zhao L, Yang Q. Optimization study of a high-efficiency preservative for ammonia-free concentrated natural rubber latex. Polymers. 2025;17(2):188. doi: 10.3390/polym
68. Barrera Torres G, Gutierrez Aguilar CM, Lozada ER, Tabares Montoya MJ, Ángel Álvarez BE, Sánchez JC, et al. Application of post-industrial leather waste for the development of sustainable rubber composites. Polymers. 2025 Jan;17(2):190. doi: 3390/polym17020190.
69. Fatkullin M, Petrov I, Dogadina E, Kogolev D, Vorobiev A, Postnikov P, et al. Electrochemical switching of laser-induced graphene/polymer composites for tunable electronics. Polymers. 2025 Jan 14;17(2):192. doi: 10.3390/polym17020192.

We have obtained mechanical strength of materials as a result not by synthesizing new polymers, but by using industrial polymers. We have developed a technology for obtaining new composite materials based on industrial multi-tonnage polymers of high-strength polyethylene (HSPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (DUTEP), butyl rubber (BR), chlorocarboxylate polyethylene (CCPE), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). To obtain a composition from these polymers, their mixture compatibility was first determined using the most modern methods. Thermodynamic compatibility of the butyl rubber–polyethylene (BR–LDPE), polyvinyl chloride, HSPE, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, PVC-chlorocarboxylate polyethylene (CPE), (CREP–VC) systems was studied using inverse gas chromatography methods, and structural features of these systems were revealed using IR spectroscopy and polarization microscopy. The study demonstrated that the incorporation of polyfunctional groups, such as chlorine, hydroxyl, and carboxyl, markedly influences the compatibility mechanism. These groups provide a broad range of enhanced properties – including improved adhesive performance, higher tensile and tear strength, and greater resistance to thermal and chemical degradation – primarily due to intermolecular polar interactions among macromolecules. The solubility parameters of four polymers with varying degrees of polarity were evaluated using turbidimetric titration (TDT) and inverse gas chromatography techniques. Based on the temperature dependence of the solubility parameter derived from the retention times of sorbents, the solubility parameter value at 25°C was calculated and subsequently compared with the value obtained by the TDT method at the same temperature. It was observed that the discrepancy between the solubility parameter values determined by the two methods increased with increasing polymer polarity. This phenomenon is attributed to the fundamentally contrasting states of the investigated polymer–solvent systems.

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Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Zaikin AE, Bobrov GB. Visokomolekulyarniye soyedineniya, Seriya A. 2012;54:1275.
2. Zaikin AE, Bobrov GB. Compatibilization of mixtures of incompatible polymers by filling. High Mol Compd. 2012;(8):1275–1282.
3. Klezmer VN, Surikov PV. Phase equilibria in three-component mixtures of polymers. High Mol Compd. 2012;(11):1602–1609.
4. Belov NA, Safronov AP, Yampolsky YP. Inverted gas chromatography and thermodynamics of sorption in polymers. High Mol Compd. 2012;(11):1631–1647.
5. Bundjali B, Yudistira I, JAriah B, Sukria L. Study on properties of polymer blends from polypropylene with polycaprolactone and their biodegradability. Polym J. 2007;39(12):1337–1344.
6. Shixaliyev K. Properties of the composition based on modified polyethylenes. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2020;9:2484–2493. SCOPUS https://www.ijitee.org/download/volume-9-issue-7/.
7. Shixaliyev K. Modification of polymer wastes and obtaining composites based on them annotation. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2020;9(5):1072–1076. Number-E2156039520 | 2020 © BEIESP https://www.ijitee.org/instructions-for-authors/.
8. Amirov F, Shixaliyev K. Properties of linear low-density polyethylene. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2020;9(9):348–352. SCOPUS https://www.ijitee.org/download/volume-9-issue-3/.
9. Shixaliyev K. Paint and varnish materials based on epoxy novolac oligomers. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(Special Issue-02):351–358.
10. ShixaliyexSefi K. Determination of compatibility of polymer systems, SKEP, PU, KhKPE, and CH chemical features of their mixtures. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2020;12(Special Issue-02):359–370.
11. Mrozowski-Serene M, Horseshows M. Infrared spectroscopy methods in reservoir rocks analysis—semiquantitative approach for carbonate rocks. Natta-Gaz. 2018;74:802–812. doi: 18668/NG.2018.11.04.
12. Jarrah IK, Sepedi O, She khan M, Softy MV, Ayatollah S. Wettability alteration of carbonate rocks by surfactants: A mechanistic study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2012;410:1–10. doi: 1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.007.
13. Sönmez MA, Juganaru M, Ficai AN, Ficai DE, Oprea OV, Gurau D, et al. Dolomite surface modification with titania and silica precursors and its morphostructural and thermal characterization. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems; 2020 Oct 1–3. pp. 1–3.
14. Shahraki BK, Mehrabian B, Daribi R. Thermal behavior of Zerah Dolomite Mine (Central Iran). J Min Metall Sect B Metall. 2009;45:35–44. doi: 2298/JMMB0901035S.
15. Gunasekaran S, An balagan G, Panda S. Raman and infrared spectra of carbonates of calcite structure. J Raman Spectrosc. 2006;37:892–899. doi: 1002/jrs.1518.
16. Ji J, Ge Y, Balsam W, Demuth JE, Chen J. Rapid identification of dolomite using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR): A fast method for identifying Heinrich events in IODP Site U1308. Mar Geol. 2009;258:60–68. doi: 1016/j.margeo.2008.11.007.
17. Chen Y, Zhang X, Wang B, M, Zhu Y, Gao J. Fabrication and characterization of novel shape-stabilized stearic acid composite phase change materials with tannic-acid-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for thermal energy storage. RSC Adv. 2017;7:15625–15631. doi: 1039/C7RA00964J.
18. Alam MN, Azam S, Yun J, Park SS. Critical role of rubber functionalities on the mechanical and electrical responses of carbon nanotube-based electroactive rubber composites. Polymers. 2025;17(2):127. doi: 3390/polym17020127.
19. Zhu C, Li K, Liu X, Li Y, Yin J, Hong L, et al. Enhanced dielectric performance in PVDF-based composites by introducing a transition interface. Polymers. 2025 Jan 8;17(2):137. doi: 3390/polym17020137.
20. Barbalinardo M, Falini G, Montroni D. Sustainable 3D scaffolds based on β-chitin and collagen I for wound dressing applications. Polymers. 2025;17(2):140. doi: 3390/polym17020140.
21. Cherradi Y, Cerbu C, Rosca IC, Seman A, El Qarnia H, Dimokrati A, et al. Acoustic, mechanical, and thermal characterization of polyvinyl acetate (PVA)-based wood composites reinforced with beech and oak wood fibers. Polymers. 2025 Jan 8;17(2):142. doi:3390/polym17020142.
22. Pergal MV, Brkljačić J, Vasiljević-Radović D, Steinhart M, Ostojić S, Dojčinović B, et al. Structure and functional characteristics of novel polyurethane/ferrite nanocomposites with antioxidant properties and improved biocompatibility for vascular graft development. Polymers. 2025 Jan;17(2):152. doi: 3390/polym17020152.
23. Jabreen L, Maruthapandi M, Durairaj A. Ultrasonic deposition of cellulose nanocrystals on substrates for enhanced eradication activity on multidrug-resistant pathogens. Polymers. 2025;17(2):154. doi: 3390/polym17020154.
24. Parchaykina MV, Liyaskina EV, Bogatyreva AO. Cost-effective production of bacterial cellulose and tubular materials by cultivating Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans B-11267 on a molasses medium. Polymers. 2025;17(2):179. doi: 3390/polym17020179.
25. Lu M, Lu X, Tao W, Lin J, Li C, Li S. A novel exopolysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. MT01 and its potential application in enhanced oil recovery. Polymers. 2025 Jan 14;17(2):186. doi: 3390/polym17020186.
26. Zhao L, Xing P, Zhao L, Yang Q. Optimization study of a high-efficiency preservative for ammonia-free concentrated natural rubber latex. Polymers. 2025;17(2):188. doi: 3390/polym17020188.
27. Barrera Torres G, Gutierrez Aguilar CM, Lozada ER, Tabares Montoya MJ, Ángel Álvarez BE, Sánchez JC, et al. Application of post-industrial leather waste for the development of sustainable rubber composites. Polymers. 2025 Jan;17(2):190. doi: 3390/polym17020190.
28. Fatkullin M, Petrov I, Dogadina E, Kogolev D, Vorobiev A, Postnikov P, et al. Electrochemical switching of laser-induced graphene/polymer composites for tunable electronics. Polymers. 2025 Jan 14;17(2):192. doi: 3390/polym17020192.
29. Ciobanu RC, Aflori M, Scheiner CM, Aradoaei M, Buncianu D. Silicone composites with electrically oriented boron nitride platelets and carbon microfibers for thermal management of electronics. Polymers. 2025 Jan 15;17(2):204. doi: 3390/polym17020204.
30. Hara S, Kojima A, Furukawa A, Toyama T, Ikake H, Shimizu S, et al. Mechanical properties and decomposition behavior of compression moldable Poly(Malic Acid)/α-Tricalcium Phosphate hybrid materials. Polymers. 2025 Jan 9;17(2):147. doi: 3390/polym17020147.
31. Mammadova R, Aghayeva T, Alieva Z. Improving quality and functional properties of tea-based drinks. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215836118.
32. Ciobanu RC, Aflori M, Scheiner CM, Aradoaei M, Buncianu D. Silicone composites with electrically oriented boron nitride platelets and carbon microfibers for thermal management of electronics. Polymers. 2025 Jan 15;17(2):204. doi: 3390/polym17020204.
33. Ewurum N, McDonald AG. Lignin reinforcement in polybutylene succinate copolymers. Polymers. 2025;17(2):194. doi: 3390/polym17020194.
34. Plamadiala P, Croitoru C, Pop MA, Roata IC. Enhancing polylactic acid (PLA) performance: A review of additives in fused deposition modelling (FDM) filaments. Polymers. 2025;17(2):191. doi: 3390/polym17020191.
35. Alam MN, Azam S, Yun J, Park SS. Critical role of rubber functionalities on the mechanical and electrical responses of carbon nanotube-based electroactive rubber composites. Polymers. 2025;17(2):127. doi: 3390/polym17020127.
36. Amirli FA, Mammadova RE, Eyvazov A. Preparation of adhesive composition based on allyl propionate-styrene-malic anhydride tertiary copolymer. https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri? authorId=57215836118.
37. Mammadova R, Asgarli A. Chemical modification of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer and investigation with spectroscopic techniques. Ger Int J Mod Sci. 2024;(80):16. doi: 5281/ zenodo.11211848.
38. Shixaliyev KS. Modification of the used up polymeric materials and investigation of the properties of the materials obtained. J Med Pharm Allied Sci. 2022;11(2):4697–4702. doi: 35940/ijitee.G5721.079920.
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