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By: Abha Chaorsiya, Deepika Bajwan, and Astha Srivastava.
Febrile seizures, a neurological disorder marked by neuronal hyper-excitability, are frequently seen in children aged three months to five years. They are brought on by an elevated core body temperature during a fever that was brought on by an underlying systemic infection. These infections trigger an inflammatory response in the immune system, which leads to macrophages releasing cytokines. There are two categories for febrile seizures: simple and complex. Given the multifactorial inheritance of febrile seizures, it is likely that both environmental and genetic variables play a role in their occurrence. Risk factors for initial Febrile seizures are a developmental delay and a condition with a family history. The following are risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures: a family history, age under 18 months at seizure onset, fever duration, and highest temperature. The development of epilepsy later on is at risk due to complicated Febrile Seizures and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. When examining children following a straightforward Febrile Seizure, clinicians should focus on determining the aetiology of the child’s fever. There is a need for a different, more accessible treatment with fewer negative side effects because the current therapies for febrile seizures have health-harming side effects. This is especially important in low-income areas where febrile seizures are becoming a bigger problem due to other underlying socioeconomic factors.
Keywords: Febrile seizure, fever, Temporal lobe epilepsy, neuroinflammation, treatments, convulsions
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