By: NR Prasad, Rai Dhirendra Prasad, Rajkumar Shrivastav, Pramod Sinha, Anand Dev Sinha, Shashi Bhushan Sinha, Rai Surendra Prasad, Rai Bishvendra Prasad, Nirmala Prasad, BG Karhu, RS Pande, KG Deshmukh, PD Sarvalkar, Chandrashekhar Chiplunkar, Zhanhu Guo, SA Walujkar, Rai Akhulendra Prasad, MB Patil, Rai Rajnarayan Prasad, and SR Prasad
Herein this article an attempt has been made to study advanced microscopic techniques in detail. In this review paper various types of microscopes which are classified as electron microscopes, x-ray microscope and probe microscopes have been discussed. Also, the various subtypes of each of these microscopes have been presented in this paper. This paper focuses on the historical developments, principles of operation, instrumentation, advantages and limitations of the various types and subtypes of microscopes. The properties of the materials at nanoscale depend upon their size, shape and nature. As nanomaterials are invisible, we require various advanced characterization techniques to reveal their morphology. The various advanced characterization techniques required for the analysis of nanomaterials are thoroughly discussed in this paper.
Keyword: Electron microscope, probe microscope, x-ray microscope, fluorescence microscope
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