Effect of Natural Cellulosic Fiber Surface Modifications on the Mechanical Feature Reinforced Polymer Composites

Effect of Natural Cellulosic Fiber Surface Modifications on the Mechanical Feature Reinforced Polymer Composites

Volume: 11 | Issue: 01 | Year 2025 | Subscription

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing

Received Date: 11/22/2024

Acceptance Date: 02/03/2025

Published On: 2025-02-11

First Page:

Last Page:

Journal Menu

By: Haydar U. Zaman.

Assist. Prof., Department of Physics, National University of Bangladesh and Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box-3787, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

The current era’s remedies to global warming revolve around replacing fossil fuels with more ecologically friendly biodegradable materials in order to slow down the rate at which they are being depleted. Calotropis gigantea fruit bunch (CGFB) fiber is one kind of substitute material that this work envisage using in place of plastics in the construction of composite materials, as supported by the study literature. CGFB fiber was chosen for this project because it is extensively accessible in Bangladesh and has less value to vegetation. The CGFB fiber undergoes three different chemical pretreatments: sodium hydroxide (alkali treatment), hydrogen peroxide (peroxide treatment) and benzoyl chloride (benzoylation). Composites are made from chemically treated fibers, and the mechanical characteristics of these materials are investigated. Benzoylated composite offers better tensile, compressive, and impact strengths than any other composite. Compared to the untreated and benzoylated versions, it has been demonstrated that the benzoylation increased the composites’ tensile strength by 98.3%, compressive strength by 61.4%, and impact strength by 97.7%. Compared to other composites, the one treated with hydrogen peroxide had the highest flexural strength. Following a hydrogen peroxide treatment, the flexural strength rose by 44.5%. Despite having a little lower flexural strength than the benzoylated composite, the composite’s elongation capacity was enhanced throughout tension, flexure, and compression tests after being treated with hydrogen peroxide. When considering overall performance, benzoyl chloride seems to be the most efficient chemical treatment. There were not many flaws visible in the benzoylated composite’s surface morphology.

Citation:

How to cite this article: Haydar U. Zaman Effect of Natural Cellulosic Fiber Surface Modifications on the Mechanical Feature Reinforced Polymer Composites. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2025; 11(01): -p.

How to cite this URL: Haydar U. Zaman, Effect of Natural Cellulosic Fiber Surface Modifications on the Mechanical Feature Reinforced Polymer Composites. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2025; 11(01): -p. Available from:https://journalspub.com/publication/ijocep/article=15511

Refrences:

1. Raja T, Devarajan Y. Mechanical and thermal stability of Millettia pinnata fibre-reinforced ZrO2 nanofiller particulates polyester composite-an experimental study. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2023:1-8.
2. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Preparation and Evaluation of Polypropylene-Peanut Shell Flour Eco-Friendly Composites with and without Cloisite 30B. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering. 2022;9:2658-2668.
3. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Surface modification of plant-drive calotropis gigantea fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Progress in Applied Science and Technology. 2022;12:23-35.
4. Ramaswamy R, Gurupranes S, et al. Characterization of prickly pear short fiber and red onion peel biocarbon nanosheets toughened epoxy composites. Polymer Composites. 2022;43:4899-4908.
5. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Effect of Fiber Modification on Pineapple Leaf Fiber’s Mechanical Properties and Interfacial Adhesion. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering. 2021;9:2818-2829.
6. Lyu G, Qiao J, et al. Dynamic mechanical behaviors of a metastable β-type bulk metallic glass composite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2020;819:153040.
7. Salman SD. Effects of jute fibre content on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites in structural applications. Defence Technology. 2020;16:1098-1105.
8. Shanmugasundaram N, Rajendran I, et al. Characterization of untreated and alkali treated new cellulosic fiber from an Areca palm leaf stalk as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2018;195:566-575.
9. Prithivirajan R, Balasundar P, et al. Characterization of cellulosic fibers from Morus alba L. stem. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2019;16:503-511.
10. Kathirselvam M, Kumaravel A, et al. Characterization of cellulose fibers in Thespesia populnea barks: Influence of alkali treatment. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2019;217:178-189.
11. Ganapathy T, Sathiskumar R, et al. Characterization of raw and alkali treated new natural cellulosic fibres extracted from the aerial roots of banyan tree. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019;138:573-581.
12. Shyam Kumar R, Balasundar P, et al. A new natural cellulosic pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) pod fiber characterization for bio-degradable polymeric composites. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2021;18:1285-1295.
13. Prithivirajan R, Narayanasamy P, et al. Characterization of Musa paradisiaca L. Cellulosic natural fibers from agro-discarded blossom petal waste. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2020;17: 1640-1653.
14. Binoj J, Raj RE, et al. Comprehensive characterization of industrially discarded fruit fiber, Tamarindus indica L. as a potential eco-friendly bio-reinforcement for polymer composite. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017;142:1321-1331.
15. Supian MAF, Amin KNM, et al. Production of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from empty fruit bunch (EFB) via mechanical method. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2020;8:103024.
16. Devnani G, Sinha S. African teff straw as a potential reinforcement in polymer composites for light-weight applications: mechanical, thermal, physical, and chemical characterization before and after alkali treatment. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2020;17:1011-1025.
17. Balasundar P, Narayanasamy P, et al. Physico-chemical study of pistachio (Pistacia vera) nutshell particles as a bio-filler for eco-friendly composites. Materials Research Express. 2019;6:105339.
18. Dittenber DB, GangaRao HV. Critical review of recent publications on use of natural composites in infrastructure. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2012;43:1419-1429.
19. Kabir M, Wang H, et al. Chemical treatments on plant-based natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: An overview. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2012;43:2883-2892.
20. Vinayagamoorthy R, Rajeswari N. Mechanical performance studies on Vetiveria zizanioides/jute/glass fiber-reinforced hybrid polymeric composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 2014;33:81-92.
21. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Fabrication and Surface Modified Non-woven Calotropis gigantea Fiber Mat Reinforced Polypropylene Composites by Film Stacking Method. Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology and Application. 2022;9:1-11.
22. Haque MM-U, Maniruzzaman M, et al. Thermal and tensile mechanical behavior of polystyrene graft acetic anhydride-treated pulque fibers. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2016;13:125-136.
23. Sunija A, Ilango SS, et al. Thespesia populnea reinforced cashew nut husk tannin-based polyurethane composites. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2015;12:481-493.
24. Zaman HU, Khan RA, et al. The improvement of physicomechanical, flame retardant, and thermal properties of lignocellulosic material filled polymer composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. 2023;36:1034-1050.
25. Babu GD, Babu KS, et al. Tensile and wear behavior of calotropis gigentea fruit fiber reinforced polyester composites. Procedia Engineering. 2014;97:531-535.
26. Raji R, Elangomannan S, et al. Calotropis gigantea fiber- a biogenic reinforcement material for europium substituted hydroxyapatite/poly (3, 4-propylenedioxythiophene) matrix: a novel ternary composite for biomedical applications. ACS omega. 2022;7:6024-6034.
27. Velusamy K, Navaneethakrishnan P, et al. Experimental investigations to evaluate the mechanical properties and behavior of raw and Alkali Treated king’s crown (Calotropis Gigantea) fiber to be employed for fabricating fiber composite. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014;598:73-77.
28. Ramasamy R, Obi Reddy K, et al. Extraction and characterization of calotropis gigantea bast fibers as novel reinforcement for composites materials. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2018;15:527-538.
29. Zheng Y, Zhu Y, et al. Potential of Calotropis gigantea fiber as an absorbent for removal of oil from water. Industrial Crops and Products. 2016;83:387-390.
30. Tu L, Duan W, et al. Calotropis gigantea fiber derived carbon fiber enables fast and efficient absorption of oils and organic solvents. Separation and Purification Technology. 2018;192:30-35.
31. Sanjay M, Siengchin S, et al. A comprehensive review of techniques for natural fibers as reinforcement in composites: Preparation, processing and characterization. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2019;207:108-121.
32. Senthamaraikannan P, Kathiresan M. Characterization of raw and alkali treated new natural cellulosic fiber from Coccinia grandis. L. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2018;186:332-343.
33. Vijay R, Singaravelu DL, et al. Characterization of raw and alkali treated new natural cellulosic fibers from Tridax procumbens. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019;125:99-108.
34. Conrad CM. Determination of wax in cotton fiber a new alcohol extraction method. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition. 1944;16:745-748.
35. Senthamaraikannan P, Saravanakumar S, et al. Physico-chemical and thermal properties of untreated and treated Acacia planifrons bark fibers for composite reinforcement. Materials Letters. 2019;240:221-224.
36. Madhu P, Sanjay M, et al. Characterization of cellulosic fibre from Phoenix pusilla leaves as potential reinforcement for polymeric composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019;8:2597-2604.
37. Mohanty A, Misra M, et al. Surface modifications of natural fibers and performance of the resulting biocomposites: An overview. Composite Interfaces. 2001;8:313-343.
38. Kim JT, Netravali AN. Fabrication of advanced “green” composites using potassium hydroxide (KOH) treated liquid crystalline (LC) cellulose fibers. Journal of Materials Science. 2013;48:3950-3957.
39. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Preparation and Testing of Bast Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites under Chemical Treatment. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering. 2023;10: 3164-3177.
40. Idicula M, Joseph K, et al. Mechanical performance of short banana/sisal hybrid fiber reinforced polyester composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 2010;29:12-29.
41. Sreekala M, Kumaran M, et al. Oil palm fibre reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites: influence of fibre surface modifications on the mechanical performance. Applied Composite Materials. 2000;7:295-329.
42. Zaman HU, Khan RA. Surface Modified Calotropis Gigantea Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering. 2022;9:2477-2487.

Not A Member?

Initiatives

Guidelines For

Track your Manuscript

Help

Contact Us

Corporate Office

JournalsPub
An Imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt Ltd
A-118, 1st Floor, Sector-63, Noida, U.P. India,
Pin-201301
(Tel) (+91) 0120- 4781 200
(Mob) (+91) 9810078958, +919667725932
E-mail: [email protected]

Disclaimer

Password Reset

The instructions to reset your password are sent to the email address you provided. If you did not receive the email, please check your spam folder as well

WEBSITE DISCLAIMER

Last updated: 2025-07-04

The information provided by Journalspub (“Company”, “we”, “our”, “us”) on https://journalspub.com/ (the “Site”) is for general informational purposes only. All information on the Site is provided in good faith, however, we make no representation or warranty of any kind, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability, or completeness of any information on the Site.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL WE HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SITE OR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THE SITE. YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND YOUR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION ON THE SITE IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK.

EXTERNAL LINKS DISCLAIMER

The Site may contain (or you may be sent through the Site) links to other websites or content belonging to or originating from third parties or links to websites and features. Such external links are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability, or completeness by us.

WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF ANY INFORMATION OFFERED BY THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES LINKED THROUGH THE SITE OR ANY WEBSITE OR FEATURE LINKED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING. WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES.

PROFESSIONAL DISCLAIMER

The Site can not and does not contain medical advice. The information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Accordingly, before taking any actions based on such information, we encourage you to consult with the appropriate professionals. We do not provide any kind of medical advice.

Content published on https://journalspub.com/ is intended to be used and must be used for informational purposes only. It is very important to do your analysis before making any decision based on your circumstances. You should take independent medical advice from a professional or independently research and verify any information that you find on our Website and wish to rely upon.

THE USE OR RELIANCE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THIS SITE IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK.

AFFILIATES DISCLAIMER

The Site may contain links to affiliate websites, and we may receive an affiliate commission for any purchases or actions made by you on the affiliate websites using such links.

TESTIMONIALS DISCLAIMER

The Site may contain testimonials by users of our products and/or services. These testimonials reflect the real-life experiences and opinions of such users. However, the experiences are personal to those particular users, and may not necessarily be representative of all users of our products and/or services. We do not claim, and you should not assume that all users will have the same experiences.

YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY.

The testimonials on the Site are submitted in various forms such as text, audio, and/or video, and are reviewed by us before being posted. They appear on the Site verbatim as given by the users, except for the correction of grammar or typing errors. Some testimonials may have been shortened for the sake of brevity, where the full testimonial contained extraneous information not relevant to the general public.

The views and opinions contained in the testimonials belong solely to the individual user and do not reflect our views and opinions.

ERRORS AND OMISSIONS DISCLAIMER

While we have made every attempt to ensure that the information contained in this site has been obtained from reliable sources, Journalspub is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of this information. All information on this site is provided “as is”, with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness, or of the results obtained from the use of this information, and without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to warranties of performance, merchantability, and fitness for a particular purpose.

In no event will Journalpub, its related partnerships or corporations, or the partners, agents, or employees thereof be liable to you or anyone else for any decision made or action taken in reliance on the information in this Site or for any consequential, special or similar damages, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.

GUEST CONTRIBUTORS DISCLAIMER

This Site may include content from guest contributors and any views or opinions expressed in such posts are personal and do not represent those of Journalspub or any of its staff or affiliates unless explicitly stated.

LOGOS AND TRADEMARKS DISCLAIMER

All logos and trademarks of third parties referenced on journalspub.com are the trademarks and logos of their respective owners. Any inclusion of such trademarks or logos does not imply or constitute any approval, endorsement, or sponsorship of STM Journals by such owners.

Use of AI Tools in Blog Content

Some of the blog posts published on this website are created with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. While efforts are made to review and edit the content for accuracy and appropriateness, there may still be instances where unintended, unnecessary, or unverified information or claims appear.Readers are advised to use their discretion while interpreting the content. The primary purpose of using AI-generated content is to provide our audience with the most recent, diverse, and wide-ranging information on various topics. The content is intended to inform and engage, not to mislead.All external links included in the blogs are intended to guide users to real and authentic workshops, programs, or resources. The information presented through those links is curated and verified to the best of our knowledge.This disclaimer is meant to inform visitors about the use of AI in content creation, acknowledge potential limitations in content accuracy, and encourage informed and responsible reading.

CONTACT US

Should you have any feedback, comments, requests for technical support, or other inquiries, please contact us by email: [email protected].