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By: Mani Mohan and Birendra Kumar Singh
1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Abstract
In structural engineering, columns play a critical role in transferring loads from beams to the
foundation. The load applied on a beam is transmitted to the column, resulting in an upward reactive
force. This upward pressure necessitates the determination of the column’s cross-sectional area based
on direct stress analysis to ensure that the structure can safely bear the imposed loads. Additionally,
an end moment develops at the joint between the beam and the column due to external forces and
structural constraints. Lateral loads acting at the mid-height of the column exert pressure over the surface area of the column, which includes both its height and width. This lateral load results in a mid-
span moment that influences the structural behavior of the column. Moreover, the lateral load at the beam-column joint induces an overturning moment at the base of the column, which can affect the
stability of the structure. To ensure structural integrity, this overturning moment must be counteracted
by a restoring moment. The restoring moment is determined by the product of the foundation depth, the
column width, and the bearing capacity of the soil. A key principle in structural design is that the
restoring moment should always be greater than the overturning moment to prevent structural failure
due to instability. The stability of the column depends on a balanced consideration of direct and bending
stresses, ensuring that the design complies with safety standards and load-bearing requirements.
Proper assessment of these factors is crucial to maintaining structural stability, preventing excessive
deformation, and avoiding failure under applied loads. By analyzing direct stress, bending stress, and
load transfer mechanisms, engineers can design safe and efficient structural systems capable of
withstanding various applied forces.
Keywords: Direct stress, bending stress, structural stability, overturning moment, restoring moment,
load-bearing capacity, foundation depth, lateral load
Citation:
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