Mani Mohan, Birendra Kumar Singh | International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 14-20 | ISSN: 2456-5326
Abstract
Abstract
In structural engineering, columns play a critical role in transferring loads from beams to the foundation. The load applied on a beam is transmitted to the column, resulting in an upward reactive force. This upward pressure necessitates the determination of the column’s cross-sectional area based on direct stress analysis to ensure that the structure can safely bear the imposed loads. Additionally, an end moment develops at the joint between the beam and the column due to external forces and structural constraints. Lateral loads acting at the mid-height of the column exert pressure over the surface area of the column, which includes both its height and width. This lateral load results in a mid- span moment that influences the structural behavior of the column. Moreover, the lateral load at the beam-column joint induces an overturning moment at the base of the column, which can affect the stability of the structure. To ensure structural integrity, this overturning moment must be counteracted by a restoring moment. The restoring moment is determined by the product of the foundation depth, the column width, and the bearing capacity of the soil. A key principle in structural design is that the restoring moment should always be greater than the overturning moment to prevent structural failure due to instability. The stability of the column depends on a balanced consideration of direct and bending stresses, ensuring that the design complies with safety standards and load-bearing requirements. Proper assessment of these factors is crucial to maintaining structural stability, preventing excessive deformation, and avoiding failure under applied loads. By analyzing direct stress, bending stress, and load transfer mechanisms, engineers can design safe and efficient structural systems capable of withstanding various applied forces. Keywords: Direct stress, bending stress, structural stability, overturning moment, restoring moment, load-bearing capacity, foundation depth, lateral load
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1. Sun J-M, Yi W-J, Chen H, Peng F, Zhou Y, Zhang W-X. Dynamic Responses of RC Columns under Axial Load and Lateral Impact. J Struct Eng. 2023;149(1):04022112. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11612 2. Al-Mahaidi R, Kalfat R. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Cyclic Lateral Load. Constr Build Mater. 2018;169:499-512. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325177068_Behavior_of_Reinforced_Concrete_Colum ns_Subjected_to_Axial_Load_and_Cyclic_Lateral_Load 3. CalcBook. Concrete Column Axial Design (ACI 318). Available from: https://www.calcbook.com/post/concrete-column-axial-design 4. Murat S. Design of Slender Columns. University of Ottawa. Available from: https://by.genie.uottawa.ca/~murat/CHAPTER%204%20-%20SLENDER%20COLUMNS%20- %20SP17%20-%2009-07.pdf 5. Civil Engineering Academy. Design of Column Subjected to Combined Axial Load and Uniaxial Moment [Internet]. YouTube; 2020. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8M0o2OpiwE 6. Maplesoft. Wood Column Subject to Axial and Lateral Load. Available from: https://www.maplesoft.com/products/MapleFlow/civil-engineering-software/PDFs/Timber- Design/WoodColumn.flow.pdf 7. CECALC.com. Concrete Masonry Column Design. Available from: https://www.cecalc.com/MasonryColumnDesign.aspx 8. WordPress. Design of Axially Loaded Columns. Available from:https://2cl405uvd.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/design-of-axially-loaded- columns.pdf 9. Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering. Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Lateral Loads. Available from: https://www.caee.ca/10CCEEpdf/2010EQConf-001079.pdf 10. PDH Online. Place Concrete Axial Load Carrying Members including Columns. Available from: https://pdhonline.com/courses/s223/s223content.pdf 11. Fiveable. Design Considerations for Columns. Available from: https://library.fiveable.me/statics- strength-materials/unit-15/design-considerations-columns/study-guide/H7ChmFaIcfmAAOlE 12. NCMA TEK. Allowable Stress Design of Concrete Masonry. Available from: https://yanpage.narod.ru/NCMA_TEKs/TEKs/Wc606d9aa70573.htm 13. Zhu Z, Li B, Wang Z. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Lateral Displacement. J Struct Eng. 2015;141(12):04015012. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001233 14. Nilson AH, Darwin D, Dolan CW. Design of Concrete Structures. 15th ed. New York: McGraw- Hill Education; 2016. 15. Segui WL. Reinforced Concrete Design. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson Education; 2013.
How to cite this article
APA
Mohan, M., & Singh, B. K. (2025). Cross Sectional Area of Column. International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis, 11(01), 14-20.
MLA
Mohan, Mani, and Birendra Kumar Singh. “Cross Sectional Area of Column.” International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 14-20.
Chicago
Mani Mohan, and Birendra Kumar Singh. “Cross Sectional Area of Column.” International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis 11, no. 01 (2025): 14-20.
Vancouver
Mohan M, Singh BK. Cross Sectional Area of Column. International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis. 2025;11(01):14-20.
BibTeX
@article{MohanM2025,
author = {Mani Mohan and Birendra Kumar Singh},
title = {Cross Sectional Area of Column},
journal = {International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {14--20},
issn = {2456-5326},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijsea/article=18468}
}
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Mani Mohan, Birendra Kumar Singh | International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 14-20 | ISSN: 2456-5326
Abstract
Abstract
In structural engineering, columns play a critical role in transferring loads from beams to the foundation. The load applied on a beam is transmitted to the column, resulting in an upward reactive force. This upward pressure necessitates the determination of the column’s cross-sectional area based on direct stress analysis to ensure that the structure can safely bear the imposed loads. Additionally, an end moment develops at the joint between the beam and the column due to external forces and structural constraints. Lateral loads acting at the mid-height of the column exert pressure over the surface area of the column, which includes both its height and width. This lateral load results in a mid- span moment that influences the structural behavior of the column. Moreover, the lateral load at the beam-column joint induces an overturning moment at the base of the column, which can affect the stability of the structure. To ensure structural integrity, this overturning moment must be counteracted by a restoring moment. The restoring moment is determined by the product of the foundation depth, the column width, and the bearing capacity of the soil. A key principle in structural design is that the restoring moment should always be greater than the overturning moment to prevent structural failure due to instability. The stability of the column depends on a balanced consideration of direct and bending stresses, ensuring that the design complies with safety standards and load-bearing requirements. Proper assessment of these factors is crucial to maintaining structural stability, preventing excessive deformation, and avoiding failure under applied loads. By analyzing direct stress, bending stress, and load transfer mechanisms, engineers can design safe and efficient structural systems capable of withstanding various applied forces. Keywords: Direct stress, bending stress, structural stability, overturning moment, restoring moment, load-bearing capacity, foundation depth, lateral load
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Sun J-M, Yi W-J, Chen H, Peng F, Zhou Y, Zhang W-X. Dynamic Responses of RC Columns under Axial Load and Lateral Impact. J Struct Eng. 2023;149(1):04022112. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11612 2. Al-Mahaidi R, Kalfat R. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Cyclic Lateral Load. Constr Build Mater. 2018;169:499-512. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325177068_Behavior_of_Reinforced_Concrete_Colum ns_Subjected_to_Axial_Load_and_Cyclic_Lateral_Load 3. CalcBook. Concrete Column Axial Design (ACI 318). Available from: https://www.calcbook.com/post/concrete-column-axial-design 4. Murat S. Design of Slender Columns. University of Ottawa. Available from: https://by.genie.uottawa.ca/~murat/CHAPTER%204%20-%20SLENDER%20COLUMNS%20- %20SP17%20-%2009-07.pdf 5. Civil Engineering Academy. Design of Column Subjected to Combined Axial Load and Uniaxial Moment [Internet]. YouTube; 2020. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8M0o2OpiwE 6. Maplesoft. Wood Column Subject to Axial and Lateral Load. Available from: https://www.maplesoft.com/products/MapleFlow/civil-engineering-software/PDFs/Timber- Design/WoodColumn.flow.pdf 7. CECALC.com. Concrete Masonry Column Design. Available from: https://www.cecalc.com/MasonryColumnDesign.aspx 8. WordPress. Design of Axially Loaded Columns. Available from:https://2cl405uvd.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/design-of-axially-loaded- columns.pdf 9. Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering. Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Lateral Loads. Available from: https://www.caee.ca/10CCEEpdf/2010EQConf-001079.pdf 10. PDH Online. Place Concrete Axial Load Carrying Members including Columns. Available from: https://pdhonline.com/courses/s223/s223content.pdf 11. Fiveable. Design Considerations for Columns. Available from: https://library.fiveable.me/statics- strength-materials/unit-15/design-considerations-columns/study-guide/H7ChmFaIcfmAAOlE 12. NCMA TEK. Allowable Stress Design of Concrete Masonry. Available from: https://yanpage.narod.ru/NCMA_TEKs/TEKs/Wc606d9aa70573.htm 13. Zhu Z, Li B, Wang Z. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Lateral Displacement. J Struct Eng. 2015;141(12):04015012. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001233 14. Nilson AH, Darwin D, Dolan CW. Design of Concrete Structures. 15th ed. New York: McGraw- Hill Education; 2016. 15. Segui WL. Reinforced Concrete Design. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson Education; 2013.
How to cite this article
APA
Mohan, M., & Singh, B. K. (2025). Cross Sectional Area of Column. International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis, 11(01), 14-20.
MLA
Mohan, Mani, and Birendra Kumar Singh. “Cross Sectional Area of Column.” International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 14-20.
Chicago
Mani Mohan, and Birendra Kumar Singh. “Cross Sectional Area of Column.” International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis 11, no. 01 (2025): 14-20.
Vancouver
Mohan M, Singh BK. Cross Sectional Area of Column. International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis. 2025;11(01):14-20.
BibTeX
@article{MohanM2025,
author = {Mani Mohan and Birendra Kumar Singh},
title = {Cross Sectional Area of Column},
journal = {International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {14--20},
issn = {2456-5326},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijsea/article=18468}
}
Mani Mohan, Birendra Kumar Singh | International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 14-20 | ISSN: 2456-5326
Abstract
Abstract
In structural engineering, columns play a critical role in transferring loads from beams to the foundation. The load applied on a beam is transmitted to the column, resulting in an upward reactive force. This upward pressure necessitates the determination of the column’s cross-sectional area based on direct stress analysis to ensure that the structure can safely bear the imposed loads. Additionally, an end moment develops at the joint between the beam and the column due to external forces and structural constraints. Lateral loads acting at the mid-height of the column exert pressure over the surface area of the column, which includes both its height and width. This lateral load results in a mid- span moment that influences the structural behavior of the column. Moreover, the lateral load at the beam-column joint induces an overturning moment at the base of the column, which can affect the stability of the structure. To ensure structural integrity, this overturning moment must be counteracted by a restoring moment. The restoring moment is determined by the product of the foundation depth, the column width, and the bearing capacity of the soil. A key principle in structural design is that the restoring moment should always be greater than the overturning moment to prevent structural failure due to instability. The stability of the column depends on a balanced consideration of direct and bending stresses, ensuring that the design complies with safety standards and load-bearing requirements. Proper assessment of these factors is crucial to maintaining structural stability, preventing excessive deformation, and avoiding failure under applied loads. By analyzing direct stress, bending stress, and load transfer mechanisms, engineers can design safe and efficient structural systems capable of withstanding various applied forces. Keywords: Direct stress, bending stress, structural stability, overturning moment, restoring moment, load-bearing capacity, foundation depth, lateral load
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Sun J-M, Yi W-J, Chen H, Peng F, Zhou Y, Zhang W-X. Dynamic Responses of RC Columns under Axial Load and Lateral Impact. J Struct Eng. 2023;149(1):04022112. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11612 2. Al-Mahaidi R, Kalfat R. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Cyclic Lateral Load. Constr Build Mater. 2018;169:499-512. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325177068_Behavior_of_Reinforced_Concrete_Colum ns_Subjected_to_Axial_Load_and_Cyclic_Lateral_Load 3. CalcBook. Concrete Column Axial Design (ACI 318). Available from: https://www.calcbook.com/post/concrete-column-axial-design 4. Murat S. Design of Slender Columns. University of Ottawa. Available from: https://by.genie.uottawa.ca/~murat/CHAPTER%204%20-%20SLENDER%20COLUMNS%20- %20SP17%20-%2009-07.pdf 5. Civil Engineering Academy. Design of Column Subjected to Combined Axial Load and Uniaxial Moment [Internet]. YouTube; 2020. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8M0o2OpiwE 6. Maplesoft. Wood Column Subject to Axial and Lateral Load. Available from: https://www.maplesoft.com/products/MapleFlow/civil-engineering-software/PDFs/Timber- Design/WoodColumn.flow.pdf 7. CECALC.com. Concrete Masonry Column Design. Available from: https://www.cecalc.com/MasonryColumnDesign.aspx 8. WordPress. Design of Axially Loaded Columns. Available from:https://2cl405uvd.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/design-of-axially-loaded- columns.pdf 9. Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering. Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Lateral Loads. Available from: https://www.caee.ca/10CCEEpdf/2010EQConf-001079.pdf 10. PDH Online. Place Concrete Axial Load Carrying Members including Columns. Available from: https://pdhonline.com/courses/s223/s223content.pdf 11. Fiveable. Design Considerations for Columns. Available from: https://library.fiveable.me/statics- strength-materials/unit-15/design-considerations-columns/study-guide/H7ChmFaIcfmAAOlE 12. NCMA TEK. Allowable Stress Design of Concrete Masonry. Available from: https://yanpage.narod.ru/NCMA_TEKs/TEKs/Wc606d9aa70573.htm 13. Zhu Z, Li B, Wang Z. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Lateral Displacement. J Struct Eng. 2015;141(12):04015012. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001233 14. Nilson AH, Darwin D, Dolan CW. Design of Concrete Structures. 15th ed. New York: McGraw- Hill Education; 2016. 15. Segui WL. Reinforced Concrete Design. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson Education; 2013.
How to cite this article
APA
Mohan, M., & Singh, B. K. (2025). Cross Sectional Area of Column. International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis, 11(01), 14-20.
MLA
Mohan, Mani, and Birendra Kumar Singh. “Cross Sectional Area of Column.” International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 14-20.
Chicago
Mani Mohan, and Birendra Kumar Singh. “Cross Sectional Area of Column.” International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis 11, no. 01 (2025): 14-20.
Vancouver
Mohan M, Singh BK. Cross Sectional Area of Column. International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis. 2025;11(01):14-20.
BibTeX
@article{MohanM2025,
author = {Mani Mohan and Birendra Kumar Singh},
title = {Cross Sectional Area of Column},
journal = {International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {14--20},
issn = {2456-5326},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijsea/article=18468}
}
