The process of gasification turns carbonaceous materials derived from biomass or fossil fuels into gases, with nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) being the main fractions. By reacting carbonaceous materials (coal, petroleum, and biomass) with a regulated amount of oxygen and/or steam at high temperatures, a thermochemical process known as gasification produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Methanol and chemicals like urea and ammonia, which are the building blocks of many fertilizers, can be produced via the gasification process. Additionally, gasification can assist in the production of transportation fuels from biomass, coal, oil, and sands. Drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction are the five distinct thermal processes that make up gasification. Gasifiers can be broadly divided into three categories: (i) fluidized-bed gasifiers; (ii) entrained-flow gasifiers; and (iii) fixed-bed gasifiers, also known as moving-bed gasifiers.Gasification is a versatile and efficient process that offers several advantages over direct combustion, including higher energy efficiency and lower emissions of pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The synthesis gas (syngas) produced can be further processed to generate electricity, synthetic natural gas (SNG), or even liquid fuels through Fischer- Tropsch synthesis. Additionally, gasification technology plays a crucial role in waste-to-energy applications, allowing for the conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial waste into valuable energy products. Advances in gasification technology continue to improve its economic feasibility and environmental sustainability, making it a key player in the transition to cleaner energy sources.

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1. Anisha, G. S., & John, R. P. (2014). Bio-engineering algae as a source of hydrogen. Advances in Hydrogen Production, Storage and Distribution, (9), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097736.2.248
2. Alsarhan, L. M., Alayyar, A. S., Alqahtani, N. B., & Khdary, N. H. (2021). Circular carbon economy (CCE): A way to invest CO₂ and protect the environment, a review. Sustainability, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su1321116255
3. Atiles-Osoria, J. M. (2014). Environmental colonialism, criminalization and resistance: Puerto Rican mobilizations for environmental justice in the 21st century (K. Bennett, Trans.). RCCS Annual Review. A Selection from the Portuguese Journal Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, (6). https://doi.org/10.4000/rccsar.524
4. Bachu, S. (2003). Screening and ranking of sedimentary basins for sequestration of CO₂ in geological media in response to climate change. Environmental Geology, 44(3), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0762-9
5. Baik, E., Sanchez, D. L., & Turner, P. A. (2018). Geospatial analysis of near-term potential for carbon-negative bioenergy in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(13), 3290–3295. https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3290
6. Baker, S., Stolaroff, J., Peridas, G., Pang, S., et al. (2020). Getting to neutral: Options for negative carbon emissions in California. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. https://gs.llnl.gov/sites/gs/files/2021-08/getting_to_neutral.pdf
7. Barahmand, Z., & Eikeland, M. S. (2022). A scoping review on environmental, economic, and social impacts of the gasification processes. Environments, 9(7), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9070092
8. Bastos Lima, M. G. (2009). Biofuel governance and international legal principles: Is it equitable and sustainable? Melbourne Journal of International Law, 10(2), 470–492. http://www.mjil.law.unimelb.edu.au/issues/archive/2009(2)/04Bastos_Lima.pdf
9. Bastos Lima, M. G. (2021). The politics of bioeconomy and sustainability. Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66838-9
10. Bharathiraja, B., Sudharsanaa, T., Bharghavi, A., Jayamuthunagai, J., et al. (2016). Biohydrogen and biogas—An overview on feedstocks and enhancement process. Fuel, 185, 810–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.030
11. Bhardwaj, A. A., McCormick, C., & Friedmann, S. J. (2021). Opportunities and limits of CO₂ recycling in a circular carbon economy: Techno-economics, critical infrastructure needs, and policy priorities. Center on Global Energy Policy. https://energypolicy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/file-uploads/CO2-Recycling_CGEP_Report_043021.pdf

The process of gasification turns carbonaceous materials derived from biomass or fossil fuels into gases, with nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) being the main fractions. By reacting carbonaceous materials (coal, petroleum, and biomass) with a regulated amount of oxygen and/or steam at high temperatures, a thermochemical process known as gasification produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Methanol and chemicals like urea and ammonia, which are the building blocks of many fertilizers, can be produced via the gasification process. Additionally, gasification can assist in the production of transportation fuels from biomass, coal, oil, and sands. Drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction are the five distinct thermal processes that make up gasification. Gasifiers can be broadly divided into three categories: (i) fluidized-bed gasifiers; (ii) entrained-flow gasifiers; and (iii) fixed-bed gasifiers, also known as moving-bed gasifiers.Gasification is a versatile and efficient process that offers several advantages over direct combustion, including higher energy efficiency and lower emissions of pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The synthesis gas (syngas) produced can be further processed to generate electricity, synthetic natural gas (SNG), or even liquid fuels through Fischer- Tropsch synthesis. Additionally, gasification technology plays a crucial role in waste-to-energy applications, allowing for the conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial waste into valuable energy products. Advances in gasification technology continue to improve its economic feasibility and environmental sustainability, making it a key player in the transition to cleaner energy sources.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Anisha, G. S., & John, R. P. (2014). Bio-engineering algae as a source of hydrogen. Advances in Hydrogen Production, Storage and Distribution, (9), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097736.2.248
2. Alsarhan, L. M., Alayyar, A. S., Alqahtani, N. B., & Khdary, N. H. (2021). Circular carbon economy (CCE): A way to invest CO₂ and protect the environment, a review. Sustainability, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su1321116255
3. Atiles-Osoria, J. M. (2014). Environmental colonialism, criminalization and resistance: Puerto Rican mobilizations for environmental justice in the 21st century (K. Bennett, Trans.). RCCS Annual Review. A Selection from the Portuguese Journal Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, (6). https://doi.org/10.4000/rccsar.524
4. Bachu, S. (2003). Screening and ranking of sedimentary basins for sequestration of CO₂ in geological media in response to climate change. Environmental Geology, 44(3), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0762-9
5. Baik, E., Sanchez, D. L., & Turner, P. A. (2018). Geospatial analysis of near-term potential for carbon-negative bioenergy in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(13), 3290–3295. https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3290
6. Baker, S., Stolaroff, J., Peridas, G., Pang, S., et al. (2020). Getting to neutral: Options for negative carbon emissions in California. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. https://gs.llnl.gov/sites/gs/files/2021-08/getting_to_neutral.pdf
7. Barahmand, Z., & Eikeland, M. S. (2022). A scoping review on environmental, economic, and social impacts of the gasification processes. Environments, 9(7), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9070092
8. Bastos Lima, M. G. (2009). Biofuel governance and international legal principles: Is it equitable and sustainable? Melbourne Journal of International Law, 10(2), 470–492. http://www.mjil.law.unimelb.edu.au/issues/archive/2009(2)/04Bastos_Lima.pdf
9. Bastos Lima, M. G. (2021). The politics of bioeconomy and sustainability. Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66838-9
10. Bharathiraja, B., Sudharsanaa, T., Bharghavi, A., Jayamuthunagai, J., et al. (2016). Biohydrogen and biogas—An overview on feedstocks and enhancement process. Fuel, 185, 810–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.030
11. Bhardwaj, A. A., McCormick, C., & Friedmann, S. J. (2021). Opportunities and limits of CO₂ recycling in a circular carbon economy: Techno-economics, critical infrastructure needs, and policy priorities. Center on Global Energy Policy. https://energypolicy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/file-uploads/CO2-Recycling_CGEP_Report_043021.pdf