By: Emeka Adeyemi
Assistant professor, Faculty of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo University.
Methanol and chemicals like urea and ammonia, which are the building blocks of many fertilizers, can be produced via the gasification process. Additionally, gasification can assist in the production of transportation fuels from biomass, coal, oil, and sands. Drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction are the five distinct thermal processes that make up gasification. Drying removes moisture from the feedstock, while pyrolysis breaks down complex hydrocarbons into simpler molecules. Combustion provides the necessary heat, and cracking breaks down heavy tar compounds. Finally, the reduction stage converts the remaining carbon into useful gases. Gasification is an efficient way to extract energy from carbon-rich materials, reducing waste and emissions. Gasifiers can be broadly divided into three categories: (i) fluidized-bed gasifiers; (ii) entrained-flow gasifiers; and (iii) fixed-bed gasifiers, also known as moving-bed gasifiers. Each type has its own advantages, with fluidized-bed gasifiers offering high efficiency and flexibility, entrained-flow gasifiers ensuring complete gasification at high temperatures, and fixed-bed gasifiers being well-suited for small-scale applications.
Citation:
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