Livestock production in the tropics faces increasing challenges due to climate change, land degradation, feed shortages, and environmental concerns. Integrating trees, shrubs, and perennial biomass crops into livestock farming systems offers a sustainable approach to addressing these challenges. This study explores the potentials of agroforestry-based livestock systems in enhancing feed availability, improving animal nutrition, promoting soil health, and mitigating the environmental footprint of livestock farming. Trees and shrubs provide high-protein forage, improve microclimatic conditions, and contribute to soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and organic matter enrichment. Perennial biomass crops, such as sugarcane, cassava, and sweet potato offer a consistent and energy-rich feed supply while optimizing land use efficiency. Silvopastoral systems facilitate nutrient cycling, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance biodiversity conservation. Additionally, integrating perennial vegetation reduces reliance on conventional feed resources, stabilizes fodder production across seasons, and fosters climate resilience. This review synthesizes evidence on the benefits and challenges of tree–livestock integration, highlighting species selection, management strategies, and economic viability. A transition toward tree-based livestock systems could improve productivity while ensuring ecological balance and long-term sustainability. Further research is needed to refine management practices and quantify the long-term impacts of integrating trees, shrubs, and perennial crops into tropical livestock farming systems.

Keywords: Agroforestry, climate resilience, feed security, livestock sustainability, perennial crops, silvopastoral systems, tropical farming

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