Abstract— To soar new miles the global mobility sector is considered ready for decarbonization by adopting technologies to improve efficiency, cost effectiveness and charging flexibility. Integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in mobility sector demands charging infrastructure which shall be cost-effective, reliable and supports charging in effective manner. Existing grid face challenges during power exchange and also requires technological innovations in developing future EVs charging network. Future charging networks must be incredibly flexible to changing energy demands in addition to being dependable and reasonably priced in order to facilitate the widespread deployment of EVs. The grid is subjected to extra demands as a result of EV charging, which can cause supply-demand imbalances, surges in peak demand, and voltage changes. With the use of MATLAB/Simulink (PS-Blockset), the system model has been created and simulated, allowing for a thorough assessment of its performance under various operating circumstances. The outcomes of the simulation have been thoroughly examined in order to evaluate factors like load balancing, energy efficiency, power flow optimization, and the general dependability of power transactions between loads, the grid, and storage resources. The results unequivocally show that the suggested approach optimizes bidirectional power flow to reduce strain on the current grid while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of EV charging. Additionally, by facilitating the incorporation of renewable sources and supporting efficient demand-side management, the system enhances grid sustainability and resilience. Because the current power networks were not built to support such dynamic and bi-directional energy exchanges, they frequently struggle to integrate a large number of EVs seamlessly. This may require transmission grid expansion, management of demand-supply gap and scaling of energy storage systems. This paper proposes a grid supported EV charging system which maintain power exchange to/ from battery storage and utilizes local sources to cater EV charging requirement. The system offers flexible charging options at various charging levels of EV. The proposed system has been simulated in Matlab/ PS-Blockset and attained results are rigorously evaluated. The result presents optimize power exchange from grid and offers effective power transaction between loads and grid source.

Keywords— Grid Coupling, EV Charing, Buck Converter, Renewable Energy, Battery charging

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1.  Huang X, Chen X, Hu Z, Cao Y, Tang Y, Zhang X, et al. An optimal scheduling algorithm for hybrid EV charging scenario using consortium blockchains. Future Gener Comput Syst. 2019;91:555-62.
2. Karmaker AK, Ahmed MR, Hossain MA, Sikder MM. Feasibility assessment & design of hybrid renewable energy based electric vehicle charging station in Bangladesh. Sustain Cities Soc. 2018;39:189-202.
3. Shahriar S, Al-Ali AR, Osman AH, Dhou S, Nijim M. Machine learning approaches for EV charging behavior: A review. IEEE Access. 2020;8:168980-93.
4. Wang L, Qin Z, Slangen T, Bauer P, van Wijk T. Grid impact of electric vehicle fast charging stations: Trends, standards, issues and mitigation measures – An overview. IEEE Open J Power Electron. 2021;2:56-74.
5. IEEE Standard for Technical Specifications of a DC Quick and Bidirectional Charger for Use With Electric Vehicles. IEEE Std. 2022.
6. Safayatullah M, Elrais MT, Ghosh S, Rezaii R, Batarseh I. A comprehensive review of power converter topologies and control methods for electric vehicle fast charging applications. IEEE Access. 2022;10:40753-93.
7. Mahfouz MM, Iravani MR. Grid-integration of battery-enabled DC fast charging station for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Energy Convers. 2020;35(1):375-85.
8. Chehaly ME, Saadeh O, Martinez C, Joos G. Advantages and applications of vehicle to grid mode of operation in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In: Proc IEEE Elect Power Energy Conf. 2009. p. 1-6.
9. Liu C, Chau KT, Wu D, Gao S. Opportunities and challenges of vehicle-to-home, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid technologies. Proc IEEE. 2013;101(11):2409-27.
10. Ko A-Y, Kim D-Y, Won I-K, Shin C-H, Won C-Y. The EV charging system using module balancing method in V2G system. In: Proc IEEE Int Telecommun Energy Conf. 2015. p.1-5.
11. Liu J, Zheng H, Zhang Y. Optimal charging strategy for electric vehicles considering battery degradation and electricity price. IEEE Trans Transp Electrif. 2020;6(3):1094-103.
12.  Hannan MA, Hoque MM, Hussain A, Yusof Y, Ker PJ. State- of-the-art and energy management system of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicle applications: Issues and recommendations. IEEE Access. 2018;6:19362-78.
13.  Peng C, Zou J, Lian L. Dispatching strategies of electric vehicles participating in frequency regulation on power grid: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;68:147-52.
14.  García-Villalobos J, Zamora I, San Martín JI, Asensio FJ, Aperribay V. Plug-in electric vehicles in electric distribution networks: A review of smart charging approaches. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2014;38:717-31.
15.  Noel L, Zarazua de Rubens G, Kester J, Sovacool BK. Vehicle- to-Grid: A Sociotechnical Transition Beyond Electric Mobility. Cham: Springer; 2019.

Abstract— To soar new miles the global mobility sector is considered ready for decarbonization by adopting technologies to improve efficiency, cost effectiveness and charging flexibility. Integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in mobility sector demands charging infrastructure which shall be cost-effective, reliable and supports charging in effective manner. Existing grid face challenges during power exchange and also requires technological innovations in developing future EVs charging network. Future charging networks must be incredibly flexible to changing energy demands in addition to being dependable and reasonably priced in order to facilitate the widespread deployment of EVs. The grid is subjected to extra demands as a result of EV charging, which can cause supply-demand imbalances, surges in peak demand, and voltage changes. With the use of MATLAB/Simulink (PS-Blockset), the system model has been created and simulated, allowing for a thorough assessment of its performance under various operating circumstances. The outcomes of the simulation have been thoroughly examined in order to evaluate factors like load balancing, energy efficiency, power flow optimization, and the general dependability of power transactions between loads, the grid, and storage resources. The results unequivocally show that the suggested approach optimizes bidirectional power flow to reduce strain on the current grid while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of EV charging. Additionally, by facilitating the incorporation of renewable sources and supporting efficient demand-side management, the system enhances grid sustainability and resilience. Because the current power networks were not built to support such dynamic and bi-directional energy exchanges, they frequently struggle to integrate a large number of EVs seamlessly. This may require transmission grid expansion, management of demand-supply gap and scaling of energy storage systems. This paper proposes a grid supported EV charging system which maintain power exchange to/ from battery storage and utilizes local sources to cater EV charging requirement. The system offers flexible charging options at various charging levels of EV. The proposed system has been simulated in Matlab/ PS-Blockset and attained results are rigorously evaluated. The result presents optimize power exchange from grid and offers effective power transaction between loads and grid source.

Keywords— Grid Coupling, EV Charing, Buck Converter, Renewable Energy, Battery charging

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1.  Huang X, Chen X, Hu Z, Cao Y, Tang Y, Zhang X, et al. An optimal scheduling algorithm for hybrid EV charging scenario using consortium blockchains. Future Gener Comput Syst. 2019;91:555-62.
2. Karmaker AK, Ahmed MR, Hossain MA, Sikder MM. Feasibility assessment & design of hybrid renewable energy based electric vehicle charging station in Bangladesh. Sustain Cities Soc. 2018;39:189-202.
3. Shahriar S, Al-Ali AR, Osman AH, Dhou S, Nijim M. Machine learning approaches for EV charging behavior: A review. IEEE Access. 2020;8:168980-93.
4. Wang L, Qin Z, Slangen T, Bauer P, van Wijk T. Grid impact of electric vehicle fast charging stations: Trends, standards, issues and mitigation measures – An overview. IEEE Open J Power Electron. 2021;2:56-74.
5. IEEE Standard for Technical Specifications of a DC Quick and Bidirectional Charger for Use With Electric Vehicles. IEEE Std. 2022.
6. Safayatullah M, Elrais MT, Ghosh S, Rezaii R, Batarseh I. A comprehensive review of power converter topologies and control methods for electric vehicle fast charging applications. IEEE Access. 2022;10:40753-93.
7. Mahfouz MM, Iravani MR. Grid-integration of battery-enabled DC fast charging station for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Energy Convers. 2020;35(1):375-85.
8. Chehaly ME, Saadeh O, Martinez C, Joos G. Advantages and applications of vehicle to grid mode of operation in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In: Proc IEEE Elect Power Energy Conf. 2009. p. 1-6.
9. Liu C, Chau KT, Wu D, Gao S. Opportunities and challenges of vehicle-to-home, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid technologies. Proc IEEE. 2013;101(11):2409-27.
10. Ko A-Y, Kim D-Y, Won I-K, Shin C-H, Won C-Y. The EV charging system using module balancing method in V2G system. In: Proc IEEE Int Telecommun Energy Conf. 2015. p.1-5.
11. Liu J, Zheng H, Zhang Y. Optimal charging strategy for electric vehicles considering battery degradation and electricity price. IEEE Trans Transp Electrif. 2020;6(3):1094-103.
12.  Hannan MA, Hoque MM, Hussain A, Yusof Y, Ker PJ. State- of-the-art and energy management system of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicle applications: Issues and recommendations. IEEE Access. 2018;6:19362-78.
13.  Peng C, Zou J, Lian L. Dispatching strategies of electric vehicles participating in frequency regulation on power grid: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;68:147-52.
14.  García-Villalobos J, Zamora I, San Martín JI, Asensio FJ, Aperribay V. Plug-in electric vehicles in electric distribution networks: A review of smart charging approaches. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2014;38:717-31.
15.  Noel L, Zarazua de Rubens G, Kester J, Sovacool BK. Vehicle- to-Grid: A Sociotechnical Transition Beyond Electric Mobility. Cham: Springer; 2019.