The density, viscosity, and speed of sound for ethanol-cyclohexane binary mixtures were determined across mole fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 using an Anton Paar DSA 5000 M within the temperature span of 288.15–318.15 K. From these experimental measurements, several thermodynamic and acoustic properties, such as isentropic compressibility, relative association, free volume, relaxation time, Gibbs free energy of activation, internal pressure, and solubility parameter, were derived. These parameters serve as useful indicators of the strength and type of molecular interactions present in the system. The trends observed in both measured and calculated values were interpreted to highlight the influence of non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole associations, on the structural arrangement and dynamic behavior of the liquid mixtures. The study of ethanol-cyclohexane mixtures reveals that intermolecular interactions arise from a balance of Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, molecular size, and cohesive effects. Density and viscosity decrease with cyclohexane concentration, while ultrasonic velocity increases, indicating structural rearrangements and association between components. Derived parameters confirm that solute–solvent and solute–solute interactions vary with composition and weaken at higher temperatures due to thermal agitation. Furthermore, the results emphasize the non-ideal behavior of the system, suggesting deviations from ideal mixing due to specific interaction effects. Overall, the system demonstrates that molecular interactions in liquid mixtures are governed by both physical forces and molecular geometry, which are crucial for understanding mixture behavior in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

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1. Ali A, Nain AK, Abida. Ultrasonic study of binary mixtures of acetonitrile with 1-alkanols (C6, C8, C10) at different temperatures. J Chin Chem Soc. 2004;51(3):477–85.
2. Aralaguppi MI, Barragi JC. Physicochemical and excess properties of the binary mixtures of methylcyclohexane + ethanol + propan-1-ol + propan-2-ol + butan-1-ol + 2-methyl-1-propanol or 3-methyl-1-butanol at T = 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 2006;38(4):434–42.
3. Kannappan AN, Palani R. Ultrasonic investigations in amino acids with aqueous dimethyl formamide. Indian J Chem A. 2007;46:54–9.
4. Rao TS, Veeraiah N, Rambabu C. Ultrasonic studies of liquid mixtures. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2002;40:850–6.
5. Rai RD, Shukla RK, Shukla AK, Pandey JD. Ultrasonic speed and isentropic compressibilities of ternary liquid mixtures at (298.15 ± 0.01) K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1989;21(2):125–9.
6. Nikam PS, Kharat SJ. Density and viscosity studies of binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with toluene and methyl benzoate at (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. J Chem Eng Data. 2005;50(2):455–9.
7. Nikam PS, Kapade VM, Hasan M. Molecular interactions in binary mixtures of bromobenzene with normal alkanols (C1–C4): An ultrasonic study. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2000;38(5):170–3.
8. Peralta RD, Infante R, Cortez G, Wisniak J. Experimental isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for the binary and ternary systems with methanol, methyl acetate, and dimethyl sulfoxide at 101.3 kPa. J Solution Chem. 2004;33(4):339–51.
9. Resa JM, González C, Goenaga JM, Iglesias M. Influence of temperature on ultrasonic velocity measurements of ethanol–water–ethyl acetate mixtures. Phys Chem Liq. 2005;43(1):65–89.
10. Eyring H, Jhon MS. Significant Liquid Structures. New York: Wiley; 1969.
11. Bhadja DR, Patel YV, Paronia PH. Ultrasonic study of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with substituted benzenes at 303.15 K. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2002;24(2):47–53.
12. Syamala V, Kumar KS, Venkateswarlu P. Excess thermodynamic properties in binary liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with substituted benzenes at 303.15 K. J Mol Liq. 2007;136(1):29–34.
13. Sarkar L, Roy MN. Studies on liquid–liquid interactions of some ternary mixtures by density, viscosity, ultrasonic speed, and refractive index measurements. Thermochim Acta. 2009;496(1):124–8.
14. Treszczanowicz AJ, Benson GC. Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of decan-1-ol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane mixtures at 298.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1978;10:967–74.
15. Treszczanowicz AJ, Benson GC. Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of decan-1-ol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane mixtures at 298.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1980;12:173–9.
16. Treszczanowicz AJ, Kiyohara O, Benson GC. Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of decan-1-ol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane mixtures at 298.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1981;13:253–7.
17. Dávila MJ, Alcalde R, Aparicio S. Compressed liquid density measurements for {methylbenzoate + (cyclohexane or 1-hexanol)} binary systems. J Chem Thermodyn. 2011;43(7):1017–22.
18. Prausnitz JM, Lichtenthaler RN, de Azevedo EG. Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall; 1999.
19. Wakulkar AP, Lanjewar MR, Shah SA. Investigation of thermo-acoustic properties of 1-propanol-n-hexane binary mixture at different temperatures. Int J Sci Res Sci Tech. 2021;9(5):1–8.
20. Wakulkar AP, Lanjewar MR, Shah SA. Investigation of thermo-acoustic properties of 1-propanol-cyclohexane binary mixture at different temperatures. 2022;52(7):75–86.
21. Wakulkar AP, Lanjewar MR, Shah SA. Investigation of thermo-acoustic properties of ethanol–n-hexane binary mixture at different temperatures (ICITNAS special issue). J Adv Sci Res. 2021;8(1):189–96.
22. Ameta RK, Singh M, Kale RK. Comparative study of density, sound velocity, and refractive index for (water + alkali metal) phosphate aqueous systems at T = 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 2013;60:159–68.
23. Zaoui-Djelloul-Daouadji M, Bendiaf L, Bahadur I, Negadi A, Ramjugernath D, Ebenso EE, Negadi L. Volumetric and acoustic properties of binary systems (furfural or furfuryl alcohol + toluene) and (furfuryl alcohol + ethanol) at different temperatures. Thermochim Acta. 2015;611:47–55.
24. Cano-Gómez JJ, Iglesias-Silva GA, Castrejón-González EO, Ramos-Estrada M, Hall KR. Density and viscosity of binary liquid mixtures of ethanol + 1-hexanol and ethanol + 1-heptanol from (293.15 to 328.15) K at 0.1 MPa. J Chem Eng Data. 2015;60:1945–55.
25. Wilson W, Bradley D. Speed of sound in four primary alcohols as a function of temperature and pressure. J Acoust Soc Am. 1964;36:333–7.
26. Bruun SG, Sørensen PG. Ultrasonic properties of ethanol–water mixtures. Acta Chem Scand A. 1974;28:1047–52.
27. Khattab IS, Bandarkar F, Abolghassemi Fakhree MA, Jouyban A. Density, viscosity, and surface tension of water + ethanol mixtures from 293 to 323 K. Korean J Chem Eng. 2012;29(6):812–7.
28. Fang S, Zhao CX, He CH, Liu JQ, Sun JH. Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate + cyclohexane or n-hexane. J Chem Eng Data. 2008;53(11):2718–20.
29. Singh SS, Rattan VK, Kapoor S, Kumar R, Rampal A. Thermophysical properties of binary mixtures of cyclohexane + nitrobenzene, cyclohexanone + nitrobenzene, and cyclohexane + cyclohexanone at (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K. J Chem Eng Data. 2005;50(1):288–92.
30. Haynes WM, editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2010.
31. Oswal SL, Patel IN. Excess molar volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of N-methylacetamide with alcohols at 298.15 K. J Mol Liq. 2005;116:99–107.
32. Gascon I, Martín S, Cea P, Lopez MC, Royo FM. Thermodynamic and transport properties of binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with alkan-1-ols at 298.15 K. J Solution Chem. 2002;31:905–15.
33. Ali A, Nain AK. Ultrasonic studies of formamide + 1,2-ethanediol and sodium iodide + formamide + 1,2-ethanediol mixtures at 298.15 K. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 1997;35:729–33.
34. Ali A, Nain AK. Ultrasonic study of molecular interaction in binary liquid mixtures at 30 °C. Pramana J Phys. 2002;58:695–701.
35. Sharma D, Agarwal S. Free volume and internal pressure of binary liquid mixtures from ultrasonic velocity at 303.15 K. Int J Thermodyn. 2022;25(2):16–22.
36. MacClement DJ. Food emulsions: principles, practice, and stability. Trends Food Sci Technol. 1995;6:293–9.
37. Glasstone S. Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan and Co Ltd; 1962.
38. Mehara R, Malav BB. Excess molar volumes and viscosities of binary liquid mixtures at 298.15 K. Int J Phys Chem Liq. 2012;50:465–77.
39. Stefanis E, Panayiotou C. Prediction of solubility parameters and Hansen solubility parameters of pharmaceutical compounds. Int J Pharm. 2012;426:29–43.
40. Hasan M, Kadam UB, Hiray AP, Sawant AB. Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocity studies of binary mixtures of chloroform with pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, and heptan-1-ol at (303.15 and 313.15) K. J Chem Eng Data. 2006;51(2):671–5.
41. George CD, Thomas PM, Joseph CD. Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd.; 1986.
42. Nithiyanantham S, Palaniappan L. Ultrasonic studies on molecular interactions in binary liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with alcohols. Arab J Chem. 2012;5:25–30.
43. Rao CNR. University General Chemistry: An Introduction to Chemical Science. Chennai: Macmillan India Ltd.; 1973.
44. Jahagirdar DV, Arbad BR, Mirgane SR, Lande MK, Shankarwar AG. Density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity measurements of four pharmacologically significant drugs in methanol at 25 °C. J Mol Liq. 1998;75:33–43.
45. Padmanaban R, Gayathri A, Gopalan AI, Lee DE, Venkatramanan K. Comparative evaluation of viscosity, density and ultrasonic velocity using deviation modelling for ethyl-alcohol-based binary mixtures. Appl Sci. 2023;13(13):7475.
46. Rao NP, Verrall RE. Ultrasonic velocity, excess adiabatic compressibility, apparent molar volume, and apparent molar compressibility properties of binary liquid mixtures containing 2-butoxyethanol. Can J Chem. 1987;65(4):810–6.
47. Raman MS, Amirthaganesan G. Ultrasonic studies of molecular interaction of alcohols with non-polar solvents. Indian J Phys. 2004;78(12):1329–33.
48. Povey MJ. Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluid Characterisation. London: Academic Press; 1997.
49. Kharakoz DP, Sarvazyan AP. Hydration and packing effects in proteins studied by sound velocity measurements. 1993;33:11–26.
50. Resa P, Elvira L, Sierra C, Montero de Espinosa F. Ultrasonic velocity measurements for biochemical and biomedical applications. Anal Biochem. 2009;384:68–73.
51. Resa P, Buckin V. Ultrasonic analysis of biopolymers and biomolecular solutions. Anal Biochem. 2009;415(1):1–11.
52. Gekko K, Noguchi H. Compressibility of globular proteins in water at 25°C. J Phys Chem. 1979;83(19):2706–14.
53. Raman MS, Kesavan M, Senthilkumar K, Ponnuswamy V. Ultrasonic, FT-IR and dielectric relaxation studies of binary mixtures of 1,2-dimethoxyethane with ketones at different temperatures. J Mol Liq. 2015;202:115–24.
54. Rao AV. Ultrasonic velocity and absorption studies on polymer solutions. Acta Polym. 1992;43(4):185–8.

The density, viscosity, and speed of sound for ethanol-cyclohexane binary mixtures were determined across mole fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 using an Anton Paar DSA 5000 M within the temperature span of 288.15–318.15 K. From these experimental measurements, several thermodynamic and acoustic properties, such as isentropic compressibility, relative association, free volume, relaxation time, Gibbs free energy of activation, internal pressure, and solubility parameter, were derived. These parameters serve as useful indicators of the strength and type of molecular interactions present in the system. The trends observed in both measured and calculated values were interpreted to highlight the influence of non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole associations, on the structural arrangement and dynamic behavior of the liquid mixtures. The study of ethanol-cyclohexane mixtures reveals that intermolecular interactions arise from a balance of Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, molecular size, and cohesive effects. Density and viscosity decrease with cyclohexane concentration, while ultrasonic velocity increases, indicating structural rearrangements and association between components. Derived parameters confirm that solute–solvent and solute–solute interactions vary with composition and weaken at higher temperatures due to thermal agitation. Furthermore, the results emphasize the non-ideal behavior of the system, suggesting deviations from ideal mixing due to specific interaction effects. Overall, the system demonstrates that molecular interactions in liquid mixtures are governed by both physical forces and molecular geometry, which are crucial for understanding mixture behavior in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Ali A, Nain AK, Abida. Ultrasonic study of binary mixtures of acetonitrile with 1-alkanols (C6, C8, C10) at different temperatures. J Chin Chem Soc. 2004;51(3):477–85.
2. Aralaguppi MI, Barragi JC. Physicochemical and excess properties of the binary mixtures of methylcyclohexane + ethanol + propan-1-ol + propan-2-ol + butan-1-ol + 2-methyl-1-propanol or 3-methyl-1-butanol at T = 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 2006;38(4):434–42.
3. Kannappan AN, Palani R. Ultrasonic investigations in amino acids with aqueous dimethyl formamide. Indian J Chem A. 2007;46:54–9.
4. Rao TS, Veeraiah N, Rambabu C. Ultrasonic studies of liquid mixtures. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2002;40:850–6.
5. Rai RD, Shukla RK, Shukla AK, Pandey JD. Ultrasonic speed and isentropic compressibilities of ternary liquid mixtures at (298.15 ± 0.01) K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1989;21(2):125–9.
6. Nikam PS, Kharat SJ. Density and viscosity studies of binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with toluene and methyl benzoate at (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. J Chem Eng Data. 2005;50(2):455–9.
7. Nikam PS, Kapade VM, Hasan M. Molecular interactions in binary mixtures of bromobenzene with normal alkanols (C1–C4): An ultrasonic study. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2000;38(5):170–3.
8. Peralta RD, Infante R, Cortez G, Wisniak J. Experimental isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for the binary and ternary systems with methanol, methyl acetate, and dimethyl sulfoxide at 101.3 kPa. J Solution Chem. 2004;33(4):339–51.
9. Resa JM, González C, Goenaga JM, Iglesias M. Influence of temperature on ultrasonic velocity measurements of ethanol–water–ethyl acetate mixtures. Phys Chem Liq. 2005;43(1):65–89.
10. Eyring H, Jhon MS. Significant Liquid Structures. New York: Wiley; 1969.
11. Bhadja DR, Patel YV, Paronia PH. Ultrasonic study of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with substituted benzenes at 303.15 K. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2002;24(2):47–53.
12. Syamala V, Kumar KS, Venkateswarlu P. Excess thermodynamic properties in binary liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with substituted benzenes at 303.15 K. J Mol Liq. 2007;136(1):29–34.
13. Sarkar L, Roy MN. Studies on liquid–liquid interactions of some ternary mixtures by density, viscosity, ultrasonic speed, and refractive index measurements. Thermochim Acta. 2009;496(1):124–8.
14. Treszczanowicz AJ, Benson GC. Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of decan-1-ol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane mixtures at 298.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1978;10:967–74.
15. Treszczanowicz AJ, Benson GC. Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of decan-1-ol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane mixtures at 298.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1980;12:173–9.
16. Treszczanowicz AJ, Kiyohara O, Benson GC. Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of decan-1-ol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane mixtures at 298.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 1981;13:253–7.
17. Dávila MJ, Alcalde R, Aparicio S. Compressed liquid density measurements for {methylbenzoate + (cyclohexane or 1-hexanol)} binary systems. J Chem Thermodyn. 2011;43(7):1017–22.
18. Prausnitz JM, Lichtenthaler RN, de Azevedo EG. Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall; 1999.
19. Wakulkar AP, Lanjewar MR, Shah SA. Investigation of thermo-acoustic properties of 1-propanol-n-hexane binary mixture at different temperatures. Int J Sci Res Sci Tech. 2021;9(5):1–8.
20. Wakulkar AP, Lanjewar MR, Shah SA. Investigation of thermo-acoustic properties of 1-propanol-cyclohexane binary mixture at different temperatures. 2022;52(7):75–86.
21. Wakulkar AP, Lanjewar MR, Shah SA. Investigation of thermo-acoustic properties of ethanol–n-hexane binary mixture at different temperatures (ICITNAS special issue). J Adv Sci Res. 2021;8(1):189–96.
22. Ameta RK, Singh M, Kale RK. Comparative study of density, sound velocity, and refractive index for (water + alkali metal) phosphate aqueous systems at T = 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn. 2013;60:159–68.
23. Zaoui-Djelloul-Daouadji M, Bendiaf L, Bahadur I, Negadi A, Ramjugernath D, Ebenso EE, Negadi L. Volumetric and acoustic properties of binary systems (furfural or furfuryl alcohol + toluene) and (furfuryl alcohol + ethanol) at different temperatures. Thermochim Acta. 2015;611:47–55.
24. Cano-Gómez JJ, Iglesias-Silva GA, Castrejón-González EO, Ramos-Estrada M, Hall KR. Density and viscosity of binary liquid mixtures of ethanol + 1-hexanol and ethanol + 1-heptanol from (293.15 to 328.15) K at 0.1 MPa. J Chem Eng Data. 2015;60:1945–55.
25. Wilson W, Bradley D. Speed of sound in four primary alcohols as a function of temperature and pressure. J Acoust Soc Am. 1964;36:333–7.
26. Bruun SG, Sørensen PG. Ultrasonic properties of ethanol–water mixtures. Acta Chem Scand A. 1974;28:1047–52.
27. Khattab IS, Bandarkar F, Abolghassemi Fakhree MA, Jouyban A. Density, viscosity, and surface tension of water + ethanol mixtures from 293 to 323 K. Korean J Chem Eng. 2012;29(6):812–7.
28. Fang S, Zhao CX, He CH, Liu JQ, Sun JH. Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate + cyclohexane or n-hexane. J Chem Eng Data. 2008;53(11):2718–20.
29. Singh SS, Rattan VK, Kapoor S, Kumar R, Rampal A. Thermophysical properties of binary mixtures of cyclohexane + nitrobenzene, cyclohexanone + nitrobenzene, and cyclohexane + cyclohexanone at (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K. J Chem Eng Data. 2005;50(1):288–92.
30. Haynes WM, editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2010.
31. Oswal SL, Patel IN. Excess molar volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of N-methylacetamide with alcohols at 298.15 K. J Mol Liq. 2005;116:99–107.
32. Gascon I, Martín S, Cea P, Lopez MC, Royo FM. Thermodynamic and transport properties of binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with alkan-1-ols at 298.15 K. J Solution Chem. 2002;31:905–15.
33. Ali A, Nain AK. Ultrasonic studies of formamide + 1,2-ethanediol and sodium iodide + formamide + 1,2-ethanediol mixtures at 298.15 K. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 1997;35:729–33.
34. Ali A, Nain AK. Ultrasonic study of molecular interaction in binary liquid mixtures at 30 °C. Pramana J Phys. 2002;58:695–701.
35. Sharma D, Agarwal S. Free volume and internal pressure of binary liquid mixtures from ultrasonic velocity at 303.15 K. Int J Thermodyn. 2022;25(2):16–22.
36. MacClement DJ. Food emulsions: principles, practice, and stability. Trends Food Sci Technol. 1995;6:293–9.
37. Glasstone S. Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan and Co Ltd; 1962.
38. Mehara R, Malav BB. Excess molar volumes and viscosities of binary liquid mixtures at 298.15 K. Int J Phys Chem Liq. 2012;50:465–77.
39. Stefanis E, Panayiotou C. Prediction of solubility parameters and Hansen solubility parameters of pharmaceutical compounds. Int J Pharm. 2012;426:29–43.
40. Hasan M, Kadam UB, Hiray AP, Sawant AB. Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocity studies of binary mixtures of chloroform with pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, and heptan-1-ol at (303.15 and 313.15) K. J Chem Eng Data. 2006;51(2):671–5.
41. George CD, Thomas PM, Joseph CD. Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd.; 1986.
42. Nithiyanantham S, Palaniappan L. Ultrasonic studies on molecular interactions in binary liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with alcohols. Arab J Chem. 2012;5:25–30.
43. Rao CNR. University General Chemistry: An Introduction to Chemical Science. Chennai: Macmillan India Ltd.; 1973.
44. Jahagirdar DV, Arbad BR, Mirgane SR, Lande MK, Shankarwar AG. Density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity measurements of four pharmacologically significant drugs in methanol at 25 °C. J Mol Liq. 1998;75:33–43.
45. Padmanaban R, Gayathri A, Gopalan AI, Lee DE, Venkatramanan K. Comparative evaluation of viscosity, density and ultrasonic velocity using deviation modelling for ethyl-alcohol-based binary mixtures. Appl Sci. 2023;13(13):7475.
46. Rao NP, Verrall RE. Ultrasonic velocity, excess adiabatic compressibility, apparent molar volume, and apparent molar compressibility properties of binary liquid mixtures containing 2-butoxyethanol. Can J Chem. 1987;65(4):810–6.
47. Raman MS, Amirthaganesan G. Ultrasonic studies of molecular interaction of alcohols with non-polar solvents. Indian J Phys. 2004;78(12):1329–33.
48. Povey MJ. Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluid Characterisation. London: Academic Press; 1997.
49. Kharakoz DP, Sarvazyan AP. Hydration and packing effects in proteins studied by sound velocity measurements. 1993;33:11–26.
50. Resa P, Elvira L, Sierra C, Montero de Espinosa F. Ultrasonic velocity measurements for biochemical and biomedical applications. Anal Biochem. 2009;384:68–73.
51. Resa P, Buckin V. Ultrasonic analysis of biopolymers and biomolecular solutions. Anal Biochem. 2009;415(1):1–11.
52. Gekko K, Noguchi H. Compressibility of globular proteins in water at 25°C. J Phys Chem. 1979;83(19):2706–14.
53. Raman MS, Kesavan M, Senthilkumar K, Ponnuswamy V. Ultrasonic, FT-IR and dielectric relaxation studies of binary mixtures of 1,2-dimethoxyethane with ketones at different temperatures. J Mol Liq. 2015;202:115–24.
54. Rao AV. Ultrasonic velocity and absorption studies on polymer solutions. Acta Polym. 1992;43(4):185–8.