Introduction: Collaborative learning is an educational methodology where individuals engage collectively in pursuit of knowledge or skill acquisition. The jigsaw teaching method is a form of collaborative learning, initially introduced by Elliot Aronson in 1971 at both the University of Texas and the University of California. This method emphasizes team-based learning, wherein students are organized into groups or teams, each assigned a specific segment of the material to master. Within this framework, students initially join smaller expert groups to discuss and learn their assigned segment with peers from other groups. Upon mastering their segment, they return to their original groups to teach what they have learned to their teammates. This approach ensures that each student acts as an integral part of the learning process, resembling pieces of a puzzle that must come together to form a complete picture. The jigsaw technique underscores the importance of each student's contribution, thereby fostering a sense of indispensability and effectiveness in the learning process. Material and Methods:Quasi-experimental research study, with probability simple random sampling techniques were used for study. Researcher studies exposing an experimental group to intervention of jigsaw teaching technique on classroom performance among nursing students. The study sample consisted of (n=40) is selected from selected college. Finding of the study- The finding of the study shows that mean of effectiveness of jigsaw teaching technique on classroom performance (conducting system) in pre-test is 0.7 and post test is 1.93, median of effectiveness of jigsaw teaching technique on classroom performance (conducting system) in pre-test is 1.0 and post test is 2.0, standard Deviation of conducting system in pre-test is 0.596 and post test is 0.253. The mean of the cardiac cycle in pretest is 1.93 and post test is 2.8, median of cardiac Cycle in pretest is 2.0 and post test is 3.0, standard deviation in pretest is 0.784 and Post-test is 0.484.  The mean of anatomy and physiology in pretest is 4.5 and post test is 6.4, median of Anatomy and physiology in pre-test is 5.0 and in post-test is 7.0, standard deviation In pre-test is 1.479 and post test is 0.968. The mean of myocardial infarction in pre-test is 2.3 and post test is 4.5, median in pre-test is 2.0 and post test is 5.0, standard deviation in pre-test is 1.118 and post test is 0.731 The mean of angina pectoris in pre-test is 1.6 and post test is 2.2, median in pre-test and Post test is 2.0 and standard deviation in pre-test is 0.932 and in post-test is 0.626.  The data related association between jigsaw teaching on classroom performance with Their demographic variables. Conclusion: Present study conclude that jigsaw teaching technique was effective for development of improving classroom performance at some extent according to the results finding.

Keywords- Effectiveness, Jigsaw teaching, Collaborative learning, classroom performance, anatomy and physiology.

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1. Mitnik R, Recabarren M, Nussbaum M, Soto A. Collaborative robotic instruction: A graph teaching experience. Computers & Education. 2009 Sep; 53(2):330–42.
2. Chiu Ming Ming. Group Problem-Solving Processes: Social Interactions and Individual Actions. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour [Internet]. 2000 Mar;30(1):26–49.
3. Chiu Ming Ming. Adapting Teacher Interventions to Student Needs During Cooperative Learning: How to Improve Student Problem Solving and Time On-Task. American Educational Research Journal. 2004 Jan;41(2):365–99.
4. Tewksbury B. Detailed steps for using the jigsaw technique [Internet]. Available from: https://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/files/sp/library/jigsaws/jigsaw_steps.pdf
5. Laura Taylor. Jigsaw Teaching Method - A Technique For Cooperative Learning [Internet]. www.asiancollegeofteachers.com. [cited 2023 Aug 30]. Available from: https://www.teachertrainingasia.com/teaching-blog/1388-Jigsaw-Teaching-Method---A-Technique-For-Cooperative-Learning-blog.php
6. Jigsaw (teaching technique) [Internet]. Wikipedia. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 30]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigsaw_(teaching_technique)#cite_notejigsaw_website-1
7. Salim M. The Effect of Using Jigsaw Strategy in Teaching Science on the Acquisition of Scientific Concepts Among the Fourth Graders of Bani Kinana Directorate of Education. Journal of Education and Practice. 2017 Jan 1;8(5):127–34.
8. Ms. Gunjan Verma, Dr. Poonam Dhull. Jigsaw Teaching Technique for Teaching Science. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2, 2019:809-815.
9. Carnegie Mellon University. How to Assess Students’ Learning and Performance- Eberly Center - Carnegie Mellon University [Internet]. Cmu.edu. 2019. Available from: https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/assesslearning/index.html
10. Cornell University. Measuring Student Learning | Center for Teaching Innovation [Internet]. Cornell.edu. 2019. Available from: https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/assessment-evaluation/measuring-student-learning
11. Garcia RP. The Effectiveness of Jigsaw Method on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 students in Online Distance Learning. International Journal of Research Publications. 2022 Jun 1;103(1):808-817.
12. Melinamani S, Francis F, George R, Pushpa LM, Vergheese S. The Jigsaw effect: Impact of Jigsaw learning technique on nursing students to learn the concepts of normal labor. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2017;7(2):181.
13. Leyva-Moral JM, Riu Camps M. Teaching research methods in nursing using Aronson's Jigsaw Technique. A cross-sectional survey of student satisfaction. Nurse Educ Today. 2016 May;40:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.02.017. Epub 2016 Feb 24. PMID: 27125153.
14. Ziyai NY, Bozkurt R, Kilickiran H, Dogu O. The effect of flipped-jigsaw learning models on ethical decision-making. Nurs Ethics. 2024 Mar-May;31(2-3):132-147. doi: 10.1177/09697330231187139. Epub 2023 Aug 6. PMID: 37544765.
15. effectiveness noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com [Internet]. www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com.Available.from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/effectiveness
16. Social Psychology Network. The Jigsaw Classroom [Internet]. Jigsaw.org. 2019. Available from: https://www.jigsaw.org/
17. R. L. Miller, E. Amsel, B. Marsteller Kowalewski, B. C. Beins, K. D. Keith, & B. F. Peden (Eds.), Promoting student engagement (Vol. 1): Programs, techniques and opportunities. Society for the Teaching of Psychology. (pp. 195–197)
18. Classroom Performance Definition [Internet]. Law Insider. Available from: https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/classroom-performance.
19. Nursing student Definition [Internet]. Law Insider. Available from: https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/nursing-student#:~:text=8-,Nursing%20student%20means%20an%20individual%20who%20is%20enrolled%20in%20a,or%20vocational%20nursing%20education%20program.
20. Cochon Drouet O, Lentillon-Kaestner V, Margas N. Effects of the Jigsaw method on student educational outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses. Front Psychol. 2023 Aug 3;14:1216437. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216437. PMID: 37599768; PMCID: PMC10436097.
21. Singaravelu V, U M. Jigsaw Teaching VS Small Group Teaching: A Comparative Study Among Phase 3 MBBS Students in the Department of Paediatrics. J. Pediatr. Rev 2021; 9 (4) :347-354.
22. Malavar, J. (2020). “ Effectiveness of Jigsaw Learning Method Among Medical Students” (Preprint). Available online at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/“-Effectiveness-of-Jigsaw-Learning-Method-Among-Malavar/89bc7096a5ca31c274615007dcfba4d6d1485d9f
23. Lalit M, Piplani S. Assessing the outcome of implementation of jigsaw technique as a learning tool and its effect on performance of 1st year medical students in anatomy. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2021;10(2):97. 55
24. Fatemeh Darabi et.al (2023). Comparing the Effects of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning and Lecture on Health students’ knowledge, performance, and satisfaction [Internet]. www.researchsquare.com. 2023 [cited 2023 Sep 3]. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2740614/v1
25. Brigitta Septarini Rahmasari, Andi Nurul Aini. The Application of Jigsaw Tasks by Using Scrambled Sentences in Teaching Reading Descriptive Text. Journey. 2023 Mar 18;6(1):185–93.
26. Goolsarran N, Hamo CE, Lu WH. Using the jigsaw technique to teach patient safety. Medical Education Online. 2019 Dec 29;25(1):1710325
27. Buhr GT, Heflin MT, White HK, Pinheiro SO. Using the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Method to Teach Medical Students About Long-Term and Postacute Care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2014 Jun;15(6):429–34.
28. Phillips J, Fusco J. Using the Jigsaw Technique to Teach Clinical Controversy in a Clinical Skills Course. Am J Pharm Educ. 2015 Aug 25;79(6):90. doi: 10.5688/ajpe79690. PMID: 26430277; PMCID: PMC4584382.
29. Williams C, Perlis S, Gaughan J, Phadtare S. Creation and implementation of a flipped jigsaw activity to stimulate interest in biochemistry among medical students. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education. 2018 May 6;46(4):343–53.
30. Oakes DJ, Hegedus EM, Ollerenshaw SL, Drury H, Ritchie HE. U sing the Jigsaw Method to Teach Abdominal Anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education. 2018 Sep 4;12(3):272–83.
31. Chang, W. L., & Benson, V. (2020). Jigsaw teaching method for collaboration on cloud platforms. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 59(1), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2020.1792332
32. P. R, N. S, M. D, G. S. Effective Teaching of Electric Circuit Analysis through Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Method. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations. 2022 Jul 1;36(1):49–59.
33. Son J. A Study on Korean Reading Education Using Jigsaw Model. 2023 Apr 30;14(2):37–64. DOI:10.37736/KJLR.2023.04.14.2.02
34. Kimyasal Bilesiklerin, et al. Effects of Jigsaw on Teaching Chemical Nomenclature. Effects of Jigsaw on Teaching Chemical Nomenclature. TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM. 2013 Education and Science2013, Vol. 38(167):256-272.
35. Amosa Isiaka Gambari, Mudasiru Olalere Yusuf. Relative Effectiveness of ComputerSupported Jigsaw II, STAD and TAI Cooperative Learning Strategies on Performance, Attitude, and Retention of Secondary School Students in Physics. Journal of Peer Learning. 2017 Jan 1;10(1):76– 94. 56
36. Pahwa A, Sharmila Dudani, Vandana Gangadharan, Gulati R. Introduction of the jigsaw technique of cooperative learning in teaching pathology to medical undergraduates. CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research. 2022 Jan 1;9(4):252–2.
37. Handayani MS, Widana IKW, Febiyanti NW. Jigsaw in Teaching Reading for Elementary School Students. The Art of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. 2022 May 1;3(1):19–24.
38. Bafadal MF. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF JIGSAW TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT. Linguistics and ELT Journal. 2015 Jun 6;3(1):117.
39. Cashata ZA, Seyoum DG, Gashaw FE. Enhancing College Students’ Procedural Knowledge of Physics Using Blended Jigsaw-IV Problem-Solving Instruction. International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2023 Feb 13;9(1):148–64.
40. Er H. The Impact of Teaching the Subjects under “Science in Time” Unit in the Social Studies Class in the 7th Grade Using Jigsaw Technique on the Academic Success of the Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 2017 May;5(5):838–47.
41. Ghian Louie Garcia. The Relationship of Sleep Hours on the Academic Performance and Classroom Participation of Senior High School Students. Edukasiana Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan .2023 August 2(3):222-236.
42. Kalpesh kumar Vitthalbhai Patel. The Effect of Classroom Communication on Students' Academic Performance. KCG-Portal of Journals. Continuous Issue-19 | July – September 2018.
43. Paul J, Jefferson F. A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in an Online vs. Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course From 2009 to 2016. Frontiers in Computer Science [Internet]. 2019 Nov 12;1(7). Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007/full
44. Brophy JE, Good TL. Teachers’ communication of differential expectations for children’s classroom performance: Some behavioral data. Journal of Educational Psychology. 1970 Oct;61(5):365–74.
45. Vinod N, Suneeta Kalasuramath, Reddy Sj, RSriman Narayan Reddy. Jigsaw: A step toward co-operative learning among medical and nursing students. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2023 Jan 1;11(1):25–5.
46. Soliman Abd El Aliem R, Said Sabry S, Fathy MohyEl-Deen H. Utilization of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Strategy on Maternity Nursing Students’ Attitude and Achievement. American Journal of Nursing Science. 2019;8(6):361.
47. Kucukkelepce GE, Dinc L, Elcin M. Effects of using standardized patients on nursing students' moral skills. Nurs Ethics. 2020 Nov;27(7):1587-1602. doi: 10.1177/0969733020935954. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PMID: 32729761.
48. Chopra D, Kwatra G, Bhandari B, Sidhu JK, Rai J, Tripathi CD. Jigsaw Classroom: Perceptions of Students and Teachers. Med Sci Educ. 2023 Jun 20;33(4):853-859. doi: 10.1007/s40670-023-01805-z. PMID: 37546208; PMCID: PMC10403414.
49. Leyva-Moral JM, Riu Camps M. Teaching research methods in nursing using Aronson’s Jigsaw Technique. A cross-sectional survey of student satisfaction. Nurse Education Today. 2016 May;40:78–83.
50. Sanaie N, Vasli P, Sedighi L, Sadeghi B. Comparing the effect of lecture and Jigsaw teaching strategies on the nursing students’ self-regulated learning and academic motivation: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education Today. 2019 Aug;79:35–40.
51. Ziyai NY, Dikmen Y. The Effect of the Jigsaw Technique on the Knowledge and Skills of Nursing Students. Bangladesh J Med Sci [Internet]. 2022 Sep. 11 [cited 2024 Jun. 27];21(4):820-4. Available from: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS/article/view/60257
52. Abobaker RM, Sulaiman Alamri M, Jamaan Alshaery B, Hamdan-Mansour AM. Impact of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Strategy on academic achievement and opinion among Nursing Students. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2023 Jan 1;33(1):43–51.
53. Mohebbi Z, Mortezaei-Haftador A, Mehrabi M. Synchronous online lecturing or blended flipped classroom with jigsaw: an educational intervention during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Med Educ. 2022 Dec 7;22(1):845. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03915-5. PMID: 36476447; PMCID: PMC9727871.
54. Haftador AM, Shirazi F, Mohebbi Z. Online class or flipped-jigsaw learning? Which one promotes academic motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic? BMC Med Educ. 2021 Sep 21;21(1):499. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02929-9. PMID: 34548075; PMCID: PMC8454697.
55. Vinodkumar C.S. Jigsaw: A Step toward Co-Operative Learning among Medical and Nursing students. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2023 July:11:25-31.

Introduction: Collaborative learning is an educational methodology where individuals engage collectively in pursuit of knowledge or skill acquisition. The jigsaw teaching method is a form of collaborative learning, initially introduced by Elliot Aronson in 1971 at both the University of Texas and the University of California. This method emphasizes team-based learning, wherein students are organized into groups or teams, each assigned a specific segment of the material to master. Within this framework, students initially join smaller expert groups to discuss and learn their assigned segment with peers from other groups. Upon mastering their segment, they return to their original groups to teach what they have learned to their teammates. This approach ensures that each student acts as an integral part of the learning process, resembling pieces of a puzzle that must come together to form a complete picture. The jigsaw technique underscores the importance of each student's contribution, thereby fostering a sense of indispensability and effectiveness in the learning process. Material and Methods:Quasi-experimental research study, with probability simple random sampling techniques were used for study. Researcher studies exposing an experimental group to intervention of jigsaw teaching technique on classroom performance among nursing students. The study sample consisted of (n=40) is selected from selected college. Finding of the study- The finding of the study shows that mean of effectiveness of jigsaw teaching technique on classroom performance (conducting system) in pre-test is 0.7 and post test is 1.93, median of effectiveness of jigsaw teaching technique on classroom performance (conducting system) in pre-test is 1.0 and post test is 2.0, standard Deviation of conducting system in pre-test is 0.596 and post test is 0.253. The mean of the cardiac cycle in pretest is 1.93 and post test is 2.8, median of cardiac Cycle in pretest is 2.0 and post test is 3.0, standard deviation in pretest is 0.784 and Post-test is 0.484.  The mean of anatomy and physiology in pretest is 4.5 and post test is 6.4, median of Anatomy and physiology in pre-test is 5.0 and in post-test is 7.0, standard deviation In pre-test is 1.479 and post test is 0.968. The mean of myocardial infarction in pre-test is 2.3 and post test is 4.5, median in pre-test is 2.0 and post test is 5.0, standard deviation in pre-test is 1.118 and post test is 0.731 The mean of angina pectoris in pre-test is 1.6 and post test is 2.2, median in pre-test and Post test is 2.0 and standard deviation in pre-test is 0.932 and in post-test is 0.626.  The data related association between jigsaw teaching on classroom performance with Their demographic variables. Conclusion: Present study conclude that jigsaw teaching technique was effective for development of improving classroom performance at some extent according to the results finding.

Keywords- Effectiveness, Jigsaw teaching, Collaborative learning, classroom performance, anatomy and physiology.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Mitnik R, Recabarren M, Nussbaum M, Soto A. Collaborative robotic instruction: A graph teaching experience. Computers & Education. 2009 Sep; 53(2):330–42.
2. Chiu Ming Ming. Group Problem-Solving Processes: Social Interactions and Individual Actions. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour [Internet]. 2000 Mar;30(1):26–49.
3. Chiu Ming Ming. Adapting Teacher Interventions to Student Needs During Cooperative Learning: How to Improve Student Problem Solving and Time On-Task. American Educational Research Journal. 2004 Jan;41(2):365–99.
4. Tewksbury B. Detailed steps for using the jigsaw technique [Internet]. Available from: https://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/files/sp/library/jigsaws/jigsaw_steps.pdf
5. Laura Taylor. Jigsaw Teaching Method - A Technique For Cooperative Learning [Internet]. www.asiancollegeofteachers.com. [cited 2023 Aug 30]. Available from: https://www.teachertrainingasia.com/teaching-blog/1388-Jigsaw-Teaching-Method---A-Technique-For-Cooperative-Learning-blog.php
6. Jigsaw (teaching technique) [Internet]. Wikipedia. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 30]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigsaw_(teaching_technique)#cite_notejigsaw_website-1
7. Salim M. The Effect of Using Jigsaw Strategy in Teaching Science on the Acquisition of Scientific Concepts Among the Fourth Graders of Bani Kinana Directorate of Education. Journal of Education and Practice. 2017 Jan 1;8(5):127–34.
8. Ms. Gunjan Verma, Dr. Poonam Dhull. Jigsaw Teaching Technique for Teaching Science. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2, 2019:809-815.
9. Carnegie Mellon University. How to Assess Students’ Learning and Performance- Eberly Center - Carnegie Mellon University [Internet]. Cmu.edu. 2019. Available from: https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/assesslearning/index.html
10. Cornell University. Measuring Student Learning | Center for Teaching Innovation [Internet]. Cornell.edu. 2019. Available from: https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/assessment-evaluation/measuring-student-learning
11. Garcia RP. The Effectiveness of Jigsaw Method on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 students in Online Distance Learning. International Journal of Research Publications. 2022 Jun 1;103(1):808-817.
12. Melinamani S, Francis F, George R, Pushpa LM, Vergheese S. The Jigsaw effect: Impact of Jigsaw learning technique on nursing students to learn the concepts of normal labor. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2017;7(2):181.
13. Leyva-Moral JM, Riu Camps M. Teaching research methods in nursing using Aronson's Jigsaw Technique. A cross-sectional survey of student satisfaction. Nurse Educ Today. 2016 May;40:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.02.017. Epub 2016 Feb 24. PMID: 27125153.
14. Ziyai NY, Bozkurt R, Kilickiran H, Dogu O. The effect of flipped-jigsaw learning models on ethical decision-making. Nurs Ethics. 2024 Mar-May;31(2-3):132-147. doi: 10.1177/09697330231187139. Epub 2023 Aug 6. PMID: 37544765.
15. effectiveness noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com [Internet]. www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com.Available.from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/effectiveness
16. Social Psychology Network. The Jigsaw Classroom [Internet]. Jigsaw.org. 2019. Available from: https://www.jigsaw.org/
17. R. L. Miller, E. Amsel, B. Marsteller Kowalewski, B. C. Beins, K. D. Keith, & B. F. Peden (Eds.), Promoting student engagement (Vol. 1): Programs, techniques and opportunities. Society for the Teaching of Psychology. (pp. 195–197)
18. Classroom Performance Definition [Internet]. Law Insider. Available from: https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/classroom-performance.
19. Nursing student Definition [Internet]. Law Insider. Available from: https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/nursing-student#:~:text=8-,Nursing%20student%20means%20an%20individual%20who%20is%20enrolled%20in%20a,or%20vocational%20nursing%20education%20program.
20. Cochon Drouet O, Lentillon-Kaestner V, Margas N. Effects of the Jigsaw method on student educational outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses. Front Psychol. 2023 Aug 3;14:1216437. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216437. PMID: 37599768; PMCID: PMC10436097.
21. Singaravelu V, U M. Jigsaw Teaching VS Small Group Teaching: A Comparative Study Among Phase 3 MBBS Students in the Department of Paediatrics. J. Pediatr. Rev 2021; 9 (4) :347-354.
22. Malavar, J. (2020). “ Effectiveness of Jigsaw Learning Method Among Medical Students” (Preprint). Available online at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/“-Effectiveness-of-Jigsaw-Learning-Method-Among-Malavar/89bc7096a5ca31c274615007dcfba4d6d1485d9f
23. Lalit M, Piplani S. Assessing the outcome of implementation of jigsaw technique as a learning tool and its effect on performance of 1st year medical students in anatomy. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2021;10(2):97. 55
24. Fatemeh Darabi et.al (2023). Comparing the Effects of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning and Lecture on Health students’ knowledge, performance, and satisfaction [Internet]. www.researchsquare.com. 2023 [cited 2023 Sep 3]. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2740614/v1
25. Brigitta Septarini Rahmasari, Andi Nurul Aini. The Application of Jigsaw Tasks by Using Scrambled Sentences in Teaching Reading Descriptive Text. Journey. 2023 Mar 18;6(1):185–93.
26. Goolsarran N, Hamo CE, Lu WH. Using the jigsaw technique to teach patient safety. Medical Education Online. 2019 Dec 29;25(1):1710325
27. Buhr GT, Heflin MT, White HK, Pinheiro SO. Using the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Method to Teach Medical Students About Long-Term and Postacute Care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2014 Jun;15(6):429–34.
28. Phillips J, Fusco J. Using the Jigsaw Technique to Teach Clinical Controversy in a Clinical Skills Course. Am J Pharm Educ. 2015 Aug 25;79(6):90. doi: 10.5688/ajpe79690. PMID: 26430277; PMCID: PMC4584382.
29. Williams C, Perlis S, Gaughan J, Phadtare S. Creation and implementation of a flipped jigsaw activity to stimulate interest in biochemistry among medical students. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education. 2018 May 6;46(4):343–53.
30. Oakes DJ, Hegedus EM, Ollerenshaw SL, Drury H, Ritchie HE. U sing the Jigsaw Method to Teach Abdominal Anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education. 2018 Sep 4;12(3):272–83.
31. Chang, W. L., & Benson, V. (2020). Jigsaw teaching method for collaboration on cloud platforms. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 59(1), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2020.1792332
32. P. R, N. S, M. D, G. S. Effective Teaching of Electric Circuit Analysis through Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Method. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations. 2022 Jul 1;36(1):49–59.
33. Son J. A Study on Korean Reading Education Using Jigsaw Model. 2023 Apr 30;14(2):37–64. DOI:10.37736/KJLR.2023.04.14.2.02
34. Kimyasal Bilesiklerin, et al. Effects of Jigsaw on Teaching Chemical Nomenclature. Effects of Jigsaw on Teaching Chemical Nomenclature. TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM. 2013 Education and Science2013, Vol. 38(167):256-272.
35. Amosa Isiaka Gambari, Mudasiru Olalere Yusuf. Relative Effectiveness of ComputerSupported Jigsaw II, STAD and TAI Cooperative Learning Strategies on Performance, Attitude, and Retention of Secondary School Students in Physics. Journal of Peer Learning. 2017 Jan 1;10(1):76– 94. 56
36. Pahwa A, Sharmila Dudani, Vandana Gangadharan, Gulati R. Introduction of the jigsaw technique of cooperative learning in teaching pathology to medical undergraduates. CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research. 2022 Jan 1;9(4):252–2.
37. Handayani MS, Widana IKW, Febiyanti NW. Jigsaw in Teaching Reading for Elementary School Students. The Art of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. 2022 May 1;3(1):19–24.
38. Bafadal MF. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF JIGSAW TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT. Linguistics and ELT Journal. 2015 Jun 6;3(1):117.
39. Cashata ZA, Seyoum DG, Gashaw FE. Enhancing College Students’ Procedural Knowledge of Physics Using Blended Jigsaw-IV Problem-Solving Instruction. International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2023 Feb 13;9(1):148–64.
40. Er H. The Impact of Teaching the Subjects under “Science in Time” Unit in the Social Studies Class in the 7th Grade Using Jigsaw Technique on the Academic Success of the Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 2017 May;5(5):838–47.
41. Ghian Louie Garcia. The Relationship of Sleep Hours on the Academic Performance and Classroom Participation of Senior High School Students. Edukasiana Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan .2023 August 2(3):222-236.
42. Kalpesh kumar Vitthalbhai Patel. The Effect of Classroom Communication on Students' Academic Performance. KCG-Portal of Journals. Continuous Issue-19 | July – September 2018.
43. Paul J, Jefferson F. A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in an Online vs. Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course From 2009 to 2016. Frontiers in Computer Science [Internet]. 2019 Nov 12;1(7). Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007/full
44. Brophy JE, Good TL. Teachers’ communication of differential expectations for children’s classroom performance: Some behavioral data. Journal of Educational Psychology. 1970 Oct;61(5):365–74.
45. Vinod N, Suneeta Kalasuramath, Reddy Sj, RSriman Narayan Reddy. Jigsaw: A step toward co-operative learning among medical and nursing students. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2023 Jan 1;11(1):25–5.
46. Soliman Abd El Aliem R, Said Sabry S, Fathy MohyEl-Deen H. Utilization of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Strategy on Maternity Nursing Students’ Attitude and Achievement. American Journal of Nursing Science. 2019;8(6):361.
47. Kucukkelepce GE, Dinc L, Elcin M. Effects of using standardized patients on nursing students' moral skills. Nurs Ethics. 2020 Nov;27(7):1587-1602. doi: 10.1177/0969733020935954. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PMID: 32729761.
48. Chopra D, Kwatra G, Bhandari B, Sidhu JK, Rai J, Tripathi CD. Jigsaw Classroom: Perceptions of Students and Teachers. Med Sci Educ. 2023 Jun 20;33(4):853-859. doi: 10.1007/s40670-023-01805-z. PMID: 37546208; PMCID: PMC10403414.
49. Leyva-Moral JM, Riu Camps M. Teaching research methods in nursing using Aronson’s Jigsaw Technique. A cross-sectional survey of student satisfaction. Nurse Education Today. 2016 May;40:78–83.
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