All articles
621 articles
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AN OUTLINE OF KINETICS VERSUS THERMODYNAMICS CHEMISTRY
Abstract: Nearly all chemical reactions has a kinetic and a thermodynamic feature. The terms ‘kinetic’ and ‘thermodynamic’ though inter-related are two diverse aspects of a chemical reaction. This paper represents an outline of the underlying relationships between the two through application to chemical reactions and an example from natural processes. A required condition for thermodynamic control is reversibility or a mechanism allowing the equilibration between products. In this manner, the thermodynamically …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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A Study of Thermodynamics of Ligand - Receptor Interaction in Chemical Sciences
Abstract: The formation and separation of definite non-covalent interactions between varieties of macromolecules play a crucial role in the function of biological systems. During the last few years, three main lines of research led to a dramatic improvement of our understanding of these important phenomena. First, combination of genetic engineering and X ray crystallography made available a simultaneous knowledge of the precise structure and affinity of series or related ligand-receptor systems …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 12–16 Read article
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GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS PREVENTION THROUGH BIOGAS
Abstract: The impact of global warming has drastically affected the ecosystem and also the life on earth. The main causes of global warming are the pollutant gases which are released into the atmosphere by different sources. The major one being the automobile industries followed by different wastes that are generated on a daily basis. So the gases released during the combustion or burning of wastes are responsible for global warming. The …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 12–18 Read article
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Second Law of Thermodynamics in Automobile Engines and Aerospace Vehicles
Abstract: Thermodynamics is a core part of science. Nearly all scientists should have a basic knowledge of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics is considered to be the most fundamental law of science. It explains not only the working of engines, refrigerators and other equipment’s used in our daily life, but also highly advanced theories like big bang, expansion of universe, heat death, etc. Thermodynamics is the study of relationship between …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 26–29 Read article
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A Dynamic Role of Thermodynamics Chemistry in Refrigeration and Air Conditioner Devices
Abstract: Thermodynamics plays a very crucial role in our daily life. Almost all the activities that we do or observe are all based on the principles of thermodynamics. Here, some of the common routine activities of refrigeration and air conditioners are brought into limelight that is explained by the phenomenon of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work. It …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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Kinetics of Nucleation and Growth of Metal Nanoparticles – A Mini Review
Abstract: The prediction of nucleation and growth model for metal nanoparticles is very much important in the field of catalysis and fuel cell technology. In this mini review, discuss the initial stages of nucleation and growth model for 2D and 3D instantaneous and progressive nucleation kinetics explained. Keywords: instantaneous, nucleation, nucleation rate, progressive
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 15–18 Read article
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Detection of Trans Fats in Oils
Abstract: Today’s society is highly concern about their health which focuses our efforts in one direction that is how to eliminate harmful elements from our daily diet. One of them being Trans fatty acids. Detections of these can be done by various methods, but most of them are lengthy and tedious with varying accuracy. This reason has been the driving force for development of alternative methods to find accurate measurements. In …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 7–14 Read article
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Simplified Models for Some Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water in a Pressurized Water Reactor
Abstract: The properties of water and steam in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) need constant monitoring to understand what goes on in the PWR. Such properties include the thermodynamic properties, namely, specific volume, specific enthalpy, specific entropy and specific heat. This work is focused on calculating these properties of saturated water by using a simplified model within the temperature range that is applicable to PWR. The model parameters for each property …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 10–15 Read article
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Thermodynamic Analysis of an Adsorption Refrigeration System
Abstract: In this paper, thermodynamics analysis of an adsorption refrigeration pair (activated carbon and methanol) at adsorption equilibrium conditions has been proposed. Similar analyses have been done by different scientists for different combinations of adsorbent-adsorbate pairs. Adsorption refrigeration processes normally occurs in physical adsorption condition and activated carbon molecules being nonpolar in nature, micropores approach of adsorption (Polanyi’s micropores theory and D-A equation) has been followed here. Analysis of the adsorption …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Studies on Phytoplanktons and Their Role in Environmental Monitoring and Management
Abstract: Several parameters are known to affect the quality of environment. These parameters or properties can be physical, chemical or biological. Physical properties of water quality include temperature and turbidity. Chemical characteristics involve parameters such as pH and dissolved oxygen. Biological indicators of water quality typically are the algae and phytoplankton. These parameters are relevant not only to surface water studies of the ocean, lakes and rivers, but to groundwater and …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 30–33 Read article
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Water heater using cow dung and waste
Abstract: This project has its theme based on best from waste. Here, heat energy is obtained using a fuel which possesses no harm to the nature. Also, the demand for fossil fuels is very high and day-by-day energy consumption across the globe has increased tremendously. This project provides a cost effective and efficient solution to today’s increasing energy demands. In this project, the device consists of a copper pipe coiled throughout …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Manufacturing and Recycling of Plastic Versus Paper bags: Implications on the Environment
Abstract: Disposable bags although convenient for daily use but they have several risk factors associated when it comes to the environment. As per the estimates of Environmental Protection Agency, approximately five hundred billion and one trillion disposable bags are used each year around the world. Disposable bags and other bags used for day-to-day need are available in diverse types, based on the material they are made of. Here, is an outline …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 9–12 Read article
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Effect of Dissolved Parameters on River Water Quality inWinter Season of Rewa City M.P. (India)
Abstract: In this research paper we are analyzed to effectof dissolved parameters on River beehar water quality in winter seasonseason of Rewa city Madhya Pradesh, India.Qualitative analysis of River beeharwater of Rewa city, Madhya Pradesh, India during the month of october-December in the year of 2016. All the water samples are within prescribed limits as suggested by BIS Desirable limit for drinking purpose. Seasonalvariation in physical and chemical parameters like Temperature, …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 13–24 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids with Metal (II) Phthalimide
Abstract: The mixed ligand complexes of Co (II) and Ni (II) with potassium salt of phthalimide (primary ligand) and hydroxamic acids (secondary ligand), where hoxm = L1=3,4,5-trimethoxy benzohydroxamic acids (TMBHA), L2=N-phenyl–3,4,5-trimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid (PTMBHA), L3=3,4-di methoxy benzohydroxamic acid (DMBHA) and L4=N-phenyl-3,4-di methoxy benzohydroxamic acid (PDMBHA) and phth=phthamlimide were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, melting points, I.R studies, UV–visible analysis, measurement of magnetic susceptibility, thin layer chromatography, etc. Elemental analysis depicts …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Review Insight – Thermochemistry
Abstract: A thermodynamic system is the material and radiative substance of a plainly visible volume in space, which can be sufficiently portrayed by thermodynamic state variables, for example, temperature, entropy, interior vitality and weight .
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 12–15 Read article
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Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Mefenamic Acid Crystals
Abstract: Single crystals of mefenamic acid were crystallized by gel growth method for the first time in literature. Crystal structure was confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Kinetic analysis was made from the isothermal thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) data using Coats–Redfern (CR) relation. Thermodynamic parameters were also determined. Arrhenius equation for mefenamic acid is k = 0.28 × 109 e–116551/RT mol–1s–1. Keywords: kinetic analysis, mefenamic acid, thermal analysis
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 21–24 Read article
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Studies on the Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Copper Oxalate Mixed With Silver Oxalate
Abstract: The coprecipitates, Ag2Cu(C2O4)nH2O of varying composition [Ag = (1 and 2)%], have been synthesized and were characterized by means of IR, XRD, and SEM. The decomposition of the prepared oxalates was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The DSC studies reveal that the decompositions of the mixed oxalates were all complex exothermic processes with resemblance to the exothermic reaction of copper oxalate and ranges from 540 to …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Chemical composition in Atmosphere: An Introductory Approach for Students
Abstract: Our atmosphere is divided into different strata above the earth’s surface. The region closest to earth’s surface is the troposphere that is extended upto 10-16 km above the surface. This layer or strata is followed by stratosphere which extends upto nearly 50 km. Above it is the mesosphere region, which covers about 50-85 km from surface of the earth. Beyond the mesosphere lies the thermosphere which goes from 85-500 km …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 31–32 Read article
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A Note on-Thermodynamics in Our Daily Life
Abstract: Thermodynamics plays crucial role in our day-to-day life. Almost all the activities that we do or observe are all based on the principles of thermodynamics. Here, some of the common routine activities are brought into limelight that is explained by the phenomenon of thermodynamics. Keywords: energy, entropy, heat transfer, thermodynamics
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 29–30 Read article
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Kinetics and Mechanism of Ruthenium(III) Catalysed Oxidation of L-Arginine by Periodate in Alkaline Medium
Abstract: The kinetics of the ruthenium(III) catalysed oxidation of L-arginine by periodate was studied spectrophotometrically in alkaline medium at 280 nm and at a temperature 35 ± 0.1°C. It was found that the reaction is first order with respect to [catalyst] and [periodate]. The reaction showed fractional order dependence on [substrate] and [alkali]. The oxidation product of the reaction was found to be aldehyde. The anionic species of arginine (Arg) is …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 12–20 Read article