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1094 articles for “bio”
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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Aqueous Extract of Chaetomorpha media (C.Ag.) Kuetzing
Abstract: Chaetomorpha media (C.Ag.) Kuetzing is common green seaweed belongs to the family Chlorophyceae. The aqueous extract of Chaetomorpha media was used for the biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. The Silver Nanoparticles were formed due to the reduction of silver nitrate to aqueous silver ions in the presence of seaweed extract. Silver nanoparticles exhibited dark brown colour in aqueous solution. The synthesized silver Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared …
Published in International journal of Nanobiotechnology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 12–18 Read article
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Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles : Revi
Abstract: Nanotechnology can be defined as the characterization, exploration and application of nanosized (1-100nm) materials for the development of science. Though chemical methods continue to be analyzed for the shape and size controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles, they can be nocuous to the environment due to the use of toxic chemicals. Research erstwhile has demonstrated that utilization of biological organisms majorly microorganisms has been emerging as a novel and unique method …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Review on the Polymer based Microfluidic Devices for Bioengineering Applications
Abstract: In this review, few recently published research papers related to the experimental investigations are briefly summarized. The experimental observations on different effects to control the surface-driven capillary flow are mentioned related to the polymer microfluidic devices. According to the literature survey in this article, the negative photoresist SU-8 and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are the two major polymers to fabricate the microfluidic devices using different conventional techniques. This review will be useful …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 44–48 Read article
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Synthesis of Biodegradable Nano Composite of PMMA vinyl Polymer with Corn Cob
Abstract: Vinyl polymers are the largest category of polymers which have wide applications. PMMA is important vinyl polymer which when modified with with Corn Cob(agricultural waste) for nanocomposite formation, then it may result biodegradable modified polymer. Corn cobs (focal piece of maize) are either treated as waste or consumed as fuel causing ecological concern. So as to accomplish its worth option in new research regions, corn cob can be prepared synthetically …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 20–24 Read article
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Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Reveals Conformational Dynamics and Catalytic Mechanisms of Human Fatty Acid Synthase in De Novo Lipid Biosynthesis
Abstract: Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a multifunctional homodimeric enzyme central to de novo fatty acid synthesis in mammals. Recent cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies have illuminated the structural basis of FASN catalysis, revealing multiple conformational states throughout the synthesis cycle. These findings show that the acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain dynamically shuttles substrates between spatially separated active sites, while the condensing and modifying regions remain structurally stable. In contrast to …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 8–25 Read article
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The Biomechanical Impact of Slipper Sole Compliance on Lumbar Spine Load: A Quantitative Analysis of Indoor Footwear Ergonomics
Abstract: Abstract The global shift toward remote work has significantly increased the duration of indoor footwear usage, yet the ergonomic standards for slippers remain critically under-researched compared to athletic or industrial footwear. While "high-compliance" or soft slippers are traditionally marketed for immediate comfort, excessive mechanical softness may lead to foot instability, altered gait kinetics, and subsequent compensatory stress on the lumbar spine. This study aims to quantify the correlation between varying …
Published in International Journal of Mechanics and Design · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Chemical Engineering Aspects of Carrageenan Hydrogel–Silver Composite Systems: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance
Abstract: This review presents a green chemistry–driven strategy for the synthesis, design, and chemical engineering of carrageenan-based hydrogel matrices embedded with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for advanced biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Silver nanoparticles were fabricated through an environmentally benign route employing natural biopolymeric reducing and stabilizing agents, eliminating the need for hazardous chemical reagents and minimizing ecological impact. The synthesized AgNPs were subsequently incorporated into κ-carrageenan hydrogel networks under controlled physicochemical …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–28 Read article
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Review on the Synthesis, Reactions, Biological Importance and Application of Phthalic Anhydride
Abstract: Phthalic anhydride (also known as IUPAC name: benzofurandione), abbreviated PA, represents a cyclic organic substance derived through the oxidative transformation of xylene or naphthalene compounds. The coexistence of the benzene and furan-1, 3-dione ring structures significantly contributes to the formation of numerous heterocycles and certain polycyclic molecules. In organic chemistry, the aromatic system within para-amino benzoic acid acts as a reactive site towards double bond-containing molecules like those featuring an …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 12–20 Read article
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Synthesis, computational analysis and biological evaluation of novel thiazolidinone derivatives
Abstract: Through multicomponent methods including 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde,(1- methylpiperidin-4-yl) methanamine and thioglycolic acid, the work focuses on creating and assessing the antibacterial characteristics of a new 4-thiazolidinone heterocyclic. Spectral testing was used to validate the molecules' structures. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity using Agar-well diffusion; compared to the reference drugs such as Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Griseofulvin, the examined compounds demonstrated moderate to good efficacy, with inhibition zone …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 30–40 Read article
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Treatment of Leachate by Using Solid Waste
Abstract: Abstract Leachate, a hazardous liquid from landfill decomposition, is a significant environmental challenge worldwide. Traditional collection of solid waste: Gather the solid waste material you want to generate leachate from. This waste could include organic matter, plastics, paper, and other materials commonly found in municipal solid waste. Sorting and compressing: Depending on the initial state of the waste, you may need to shred or crush it to increase the surface …
Published in International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 43–49 Read article
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Biosynthesis of Culture Media for Microbial Growth
Abstract: This study explores the use of plant-based culture media as sustainable alternatives to traditional nutrient agar for microbial cultivation. Two types of plant-based media were developed: one using China grass as a solidifying agent and the other incorporating agar. These were compared with conventional nutrient agar. Microbial cultures were inoculated onto each medium and incubated under optimal conditions, with growth patterns and colony characteristics observed and documented over time. The …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 22–28 Read article
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Exploring Plant Biotechnology: Harnessing Pteridophytes for Medical and Agricultural Advancements
Abstract: Pteridophytes are a group of plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds and include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses. However, recent scientific investigations have revealed that pteridophytes hold a significant place in traditional medicine systems and can provide a range of therapeutic benefits. Indigenous peoples have used these pteridophytes’ medicinal capabilities to treat a variety of illnesses for decades. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Walnut Shells’ Potential Use as Biofillers in Natural Rubber Composites
Abstract: The study assessed the potential of walnut shells as a filler in natural rubber composites. Walnut shells were finely ground, sieved through a 75 μm mesh, and incorporated into natural rubber at different filler loadings: unfilled, 20 parts per hundred rubber (phr), 30 phr, 40 phr, and 50 phr. The physicochemical properties of the walnut shell powder were analyzed, yielding results of 5.30 for pH, 10.10% for moisture content, 2.50% …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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A Critical Review on Electron, X-Ray, Probe Microscopic Techniques for Analysis of Biomaterials and Nanomaterials
Abstract: Herein this article an attempt has been made to study advanced microscopic techniques in detail. In this review paper various types of microscopes which are classified as electron microscopes, x-ray microscope and probe microscopes have been discussed. Also, the various subtypes of each of these microscopes have been presented in this paper. This paper focuses on the historical developments, principles of operation, instrumentation, advantages and limitations of the various types …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–32 Read article
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Relative Accuracy of Diagnostic Methods in Verification of Gonadal Status of Dogs Considering Anti-Mullarian Hormone as a Biomarker
Abstract: The study was carried out to demonstrate relative efficacy of various methods to ascertain gonadal status in dogs. Based on different diagnostic methods viz., history and clinical signs, physical examination and ultrasonography, 37 (21 male and 16 female) dogs were categorised into different groups. Group I- gonadectomised dogs (n=10; Male-5 Female-5), Group II - intact dogs before and after gonadectomy (n=16; Male-8 Female-8), Group III-dogs with ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) …
Published in International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 Read article
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Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Advancing Green Methods Using Plant Extracts
Abstract: Nanotechnology, focusing on materials sized 1-100 nm, has garnered significant interest for its applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and electronic devices. Nanomaterials, due to their unique properties, are pivotal in the development of advanced technologies such as drug delivery systems and nano-devices. Conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods, including sol-gel, chemical precipitation, microwave, and chemical vapor deposition, often involve hazardous chemicals, posing environmental risks. Therefore, there is a crucial demand for environmentally friendly …
Published in International journal of Nanobiotechnology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 Read article
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Environmentally Friendly Green Composites - Latest Developments
Abstract: Composites are one of the most widely used materials because they can adapt to a variety of situations. Other composites include metal matrix composites, nanocomposites, fiber composites, and hybrid composites, and are used in many industries. We are now focusing on creating environmentally friendly composites. Green composites are a special type of biocomposites with the addition of a bio-based polymer matrix. Natural fibers represent an area of polymer research. Green …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 32–40 Read article
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Nitric Oxide & Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase: A Glimpse on Biological Role
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional molecule having numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions. It is synthesized from L-arginine by three different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which are categorized into two subtypes; constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) is constitutively expressed in the cells, while inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed within several hours after the stimulation of …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 1, Issue 1-2, 2015 · pp. 31–33 Read article
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Seaweed Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Gracilaria fergusonii J.Ag. Collected From Hare Island, Thoothukudi in the South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract: In the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous extract of red seaweed Gracilaria fergusonii J.Ag. as the reducing agent. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by colour change from light yellow to dark brownish red, UV– visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction method (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis spectroscopy (EDS). The anoparticles showed an absorbance at 442 nm on UV–visible spectroscopy. The …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 1, Issue 1-2, 2015 · pp. 50–57 Read article
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Antagonistic Activity of Fungi and Bacterium against Red Rot Disease of Saccharum officinarum: An Approach for Biocontrol
Abstract: The Two species of fungus Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus flavus and one species of bacterium viz. Bacillus subtilis were tested for antagonistic activity in vitro against Colletotrichum falcatum, pathogen of red rot disease of sugarcane. Two Saccharum officinarum cultivars viz. CoS 98231 and CoLK 8102 in pot and field experiments, by a dual culture technique. It was found that isolates of fungal and bacterial inhibited the mycelial growth of C. …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 14–18 Read article