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1376 articles for “Act”
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EXIT Chart Analysis and PerformanceEvaluation of Cooperative NOMA Systems
Abstract: This paper conducts a comprehensive performance analysis of Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) systems through the application of Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis, a tool widely used for visualizing the iterative decoding process in communication systems. The proposed system integrates Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), Multi-User Detection (MUD), and spreading techniques to enhance the reliability and efficiency of data transmission. In this cooperative framework, the near user (NU), having stronger …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 21–30 Read article
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How Heavy Metal Minerals Affect the Quality of Soil and Groundwater
Abstract: Heavy metal minerals polluting soil and groundwater is becoming a major environmental issue because these components are not biodegradable and last a long time. This study examines the degree to which heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr), affect the chemical and physical characteristics of soil and groundwater in regions impacted by industrial, agricultural, and mining operations. Soil and water samples were obtained …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–20 Read article
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AI's Influence on Social Interactions
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows rapid transformational powers in numerous industries while creating profound changes to how people interact with each other. The continuing evolution of AI technologies that include machine learning and natural language processing together with robotics system transforms interpersonal communication in personal and professional domains. This study examines different ways that Artificial Intelligence influences social activities through its impact on human communication and emotional relationships and social connections …
Published in International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 17–27 Read article
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Chemical Engineers at the Nanoscale: MakingNanomaterials That Work
Abstract: The convergence of chemical engineering and nanotechnology has created revolutionary prospects in material design, catalysis, energy storage, and biomedical applications. This article examines the changing responsibilities of chemical engineers in the creation and development of functional nanomaterials – substances designed at the molecular or atomic level to exhibit specific characteristics and functions. The article discusses important synthesis methods such as sol–gel processing, chemical vapor deposition, and self-assembly. It also talks …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 14–27 Read article
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The Historical and Architectural Importance of Buckingham Palace
Abstract: Buckingham Palace is a timeless icon of British history, the monarchy, and great architecture. This article examines the Palace’s history, cultural significance, and artistic beauty – from its origins as a small townhouse to its status as the official home of the British monarch. The essay shows how Buckingham Palace represents national identity and royal history by looking closely at its neoclassical architecture, lavish interiors, and ceremonial activities. It also …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction Effects and Mitigation Strategies for RC Structures - A Review
Abstract: Abstract – Soil-structure interaction (SSI) significantly influences the seismic performance of structures, necessitating advanced modeling and mitigation strategies to address dynamic responses across various structural configurations and soil types. This review synthesizes recent research on SSI effects in reinforced concrete (RC) frames, tall buildings, and subway stations, employing nonlinear finite element modeling, shaking table tests, and probabilistic fragility analyses. Studies highlight that SSI alters natural frequencies, damping, and seismic demands, …
Published in International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 36–42 Read article
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EROSION OF UNDERLYING SOIL
Abstract: Abstract : To protect underlying soil erosion on which foundation base is provided like apron provided in water retaining structure like dam, weir etc. In flood zone area this apron is provided at foundation base of building, near village which is situated near bank of river underlying soil erosion will be prevented when apron is provided. Near bank of river (village situated) for protection of village near bank of river …
Published in International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 20–25 Read article
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Investigation of Seismic Pounding Effect on Symmetric 10 Storey Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using SAP2000
Abstract: ABSTRACT Earthquakes have historically been responsible for significant structural failures, often resulting in substantial economic losses and endangering human lives. One notable failure mechanism observed during seismic activity is seismic pounding, which occurs when adjacent buildings collide due to insufficient separation gaps. This phenomenon is particularly concerning in densely populated urban areas where space constraints often prevent the provision of adequate clearances between structures. Such impacts can lead to severe …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 32–42 Read article
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ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH DIFFERENT OUTRIGGER SYSTEM AND LOCATIONS
Abstract: ABSTRACT- Designing and constructing high-rise buildings requires structural systems that can efficiently resist lateral forces caused by wind and seismic activity. Outrigger systems are commonly used in tall structures to increase lateral stiffness, minimize building drift, and better use structural materials. This research examines the performance of multi-storey buildings incorporating various outrigger configurations, including traditional outriggers, belt trusses, deep beams, and shear wall systems. A response spectrum analysis is carried …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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INTERVENTIONS OF LEGISLATION AND ENGINEERING REGULATORY BODIES AS A TOOL FOR ADDRESSING WATER RELATED ISSUES IN NIGERIA
Abstract: ABSTRACT Nigeria faces persistent water-related challenges which include inadequate urban water supply, fragmented governance, groundwater pollution, unsustainable abstraction, poor infrastructure operation and maintenance, and weak enforcement of standards. This paper examines how legislation and engineering regulatory bodies when properly designed and applied can be deployed as practical tools to tackle these problems. Using a multi-method approach-a policy analysis, case studies, and interviews with stakeholders-these are the main gaps in enforcement …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 20–37 Read article
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BEHAVIORAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS DURING MAINSHOCK–AFTERSHOCK EARTHQUAKES
Abstract: ABSTRACT - Earthquakes are among most destructive natural hazards, often causing widespread damage to buildings and vital infrastructure. The extent of this damage depends on various factors, one of which is the nature of fault movement. The point of initial rupture beneath the Earth’s surface is known as the hypocenter or focus. Seismic activity can be broadly divided into two categories: mainshocks and aftershocks. While the mainshock generally causes the …
Published in International Journal of Concrete Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–14 Read article
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Study of Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Rebar Steel in Saline water
Abstract: Corrosion is major problem with metals. When they come in contact of surrounding corrosive medium to construct a corrosion cell on their interface, metals undergo in corrosion reactions. Such environments metals can be exhibited uniform, galvanic, pitting, stress, crevice, embrittlement, intergranular corrosion etc. The corrosion of phenomenon of rebar steel studied in saline water. It creates corrosive medium for rebar steel due to availability of chloride ions. Rebar steel is …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Review on the Synthesis, Reactions, Biological Importance and Application of Phthalic Anhydride
Abstract: Phthalic anhydride (also known as IUPAC name: benzofurandione), abbreviated PA, represents a cyclic organic substance derived through the oxidative transformation of xylene or naphthalene compounds. The coexistence of the benzene and furan-1, 3-dione ring structures significantly contributes to the formation of numerous heterocycles and certain polycyclic molecules. In organic chemistry, the aromatic system within para-amino benzoic acid acts as a reactive site towards double bond-containing molecules like those featuring an …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 12–20 Read article
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Deep Learning with CNNs: A Survey of Techniques and Real-World Applications
Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged one of the most powerfully used tools in deep learning, particularly in image and pattern recognition tasks. CNNs are being revolutionized through deep learning resulting in a dominant architecture in computer vision as well as other various domains. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of CNN-based deep learning, its methodologies, regularizations, and computational efficiencies. We also address the challenges and future directions of CNN. …
Published in International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Fog Computing Architecture and Deployment in IoT
Abstract: The relentless proliferation of Internet of Things maneuvers generates colossal volumes of data at the network edge, straining traditional cloud-centric paradigms with inherent limitations in latency, bandwidth, resilience, and privacy. This necessitates a paradigm shift towards distributed intelligence. Fog Computing arises as a pivotal architectural paradigm, extending computational, storage, and networking capabilities closer to the data source, thereby mitigating latency, reducing bandwidth consumption, and enhancing real-time processing capabilities for critical …
Published in International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–39 Read article
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Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications
Abstract: Abstract Bipolar plates (BPs) are vital components in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), performing multiple essential functions that directly influence system efficiency, durability, and overall operational performance. They ensure uniform distribution of reactant gases across the active area, provide electrical conductivity between adjacent cells, assist in effective thermal management by dissipating heat generated during electrochemical reactions, and maintain proper sealing to prevent leakage of gases and coolant. Among these …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 40–56 Read article
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Aluminum Alloy as Sacrificial Anode for Corrosion Protection: A Review
Abstract: Aluminum sacrificial anodes are widely used for cathodic protection in marine, offshore, and energy applications due to their light weight, high current efficiency, and favorable electrochemical potential. Pure aluminum, however, rapidly passivates in seawater, reducing protective performance. Alloying with elements, such as zinc, indium, gallium, tin, and bismuth, improves activation, ensures uniform dissolution, and stabilizes long-term behavior. This review examines the influence of alloying elements on electrochemical performance, microstructure, and …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Investigation of Thermo-Acoustic Properties of Ethanol-Cyclohexane Binary Mixture
Abstract: The density, viscosity, and speed of sound for ethanol-cyclohexane binary mixtures were determined across mole fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 using an Anton Paar DSA 5000 M within the temperature span of 288.15–318.15 K. From these experimental measurements, several thermodynamic and acoustic properties, such as isentropic compressibility, relative association, free volume, relaxation time, Gibbs free energy of activation, internal pressure, and solubility parameter, were derived. These parameters serve as …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Utilization of Plastic Waste in Pavement Block by Partially Replacement of Fine Aggregate
Abstract: The rapid expansion of urban areas and industrial activities has resulted in a considerable rise in production of plastic waste. This presents a significant ecological issue because of the restricted biodegradability of plastics. The possible approach is to investigate the incorporation of plastic waste in building construction materials. This research investigates the theoretical application of waste plastic in pavement blocks as a partial substitute for fine aggregate. The emphasis is …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Smart Electricity Consumption Monitoring and Billing System
Abstract: Electricity consumption monitoring is essential for optimizing energy use and reducing costs. Traditional meters provide only cumulative readings, leading to inefficiencies and billing discrepancies. This research presents a smart electricity consumption monitoring and billing system that enables users to track real-time power usage and generate automated bills based on actual consumption. A hardware device measures voltage and current, calculates power consumption, and transmits data to a web-based platform via the …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article