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77 articles for “Grain”
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Buried Rivers, Thirsty Island Belt: A Review of Water Challenges in the Great Rann of Kachchh
Abstract: The Great Rann of Kachchh (GRK) in Gujarat, India, is a hyper-saline environment where isolated island communities face acute water scarcity. This literature review synthesizes Scopus and Web of Science indexed research to evaluate an integrated geo-hydrological approach for sustainable water development. The analysis integrates geology, lithology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, and socio-economic dimensions including population distribution, livelihoods, and agriculture. Subsurface core analysis reveals marine transgression since ~18 ka BP, with fine-grained …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 19–26 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of the Development of Magnesium Composites and the Effect of Nanomaterials on Tribo-Mechanical Performance in Automotive Applications
Abstract: Abstract Magnesium and its alloys have emerged as promising lightweight materials for the automotive industry owing to their extremely low density, high specific strength, and potential to significantly improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Despite these advantages, the widespread structural and functional application of magnesium alloys remains limited due to inherent challenges such as insufficient mechanical strength, poor wear resistance, low hardness, and high susceptibility to tribo-corrosion under severe service …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Cognitive Metallurgy: A Study on Microstructure and Energy Efficiency in High-Temperature Alloying via Sensor Fusion and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Abstract: Background Traditional high-temperature metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting and specialty alloy synthesis, are characterized by high energy consumption, stochastic variability, and reliance on post-process defect inspection. The inability to precisely monitor, model, and predict the real-time thermal, chemical, and mechanical state of molten metal and cooling substrates results in significant material waste and inconsistent microstructural integrity. Methodology This study introduces a novel framework for Cognitive Metallurgy utilizing an integrated …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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A look at friction stir processing for making better surface properties
Abstract: Abstract Friction stir processing is a surface properties modification method consequential from friction stir welding. The process uses a non-consumable tool made up of tool steel material. The tool pin and shoulder plunged in the surface of the base material plates and it mover along the predetermined path. The frictional heat stimulates the plastic deformation during the process & enhances the dynamic recrystallization. The process represents an advanced approach that …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–47 Read article
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Aluminum Alloy as Sacrificial Anode for Corrosion Protection: A Review
Abstract: Aluminum sacrificial anodes are widely used for cathodic protection in marine, offshore, and energy applications due to their light weight, high current efficiency, and favorable electrochemical potential. Pure aluminum, however, rapidly passivates in seawater, reducing protective performance. Alloying with elements, such as zinc, indium, gallium, tin, and bismuth, improves activation, ensures uniform dissolution, and stabilizes long-term behavior. This review examines the influence of alloying elements on electrochemical performance, microstructure, and …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Revolutionizing Glass Science: Analyzing the Crystallization Dynamics of Economical Glass-Ceramic Compositions
Abstract: The development of glass-ceramics presents an innovative approach to material science, leveraging the unique properties of non-crystalline glass combined with controlled crystallization. This study investigates the crystallization dynamics of economical glass-ceramic compositions derived from raw materials, such as blast furnace slag and granite rock. We explore the fabrication processes, examining the influence of these raw materials on microstructural interlocking and phase composition. Our findings reveal that specific ratios of slag …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–15 Read article
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The Impact of Phytohormones on Human Metabolism and Wellbeing
Abstract: Phytohormones, or plant hormones, are vital organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and environmental responses. Recent research has shown that phytohormones like auxins, cytokinin, gibberellins, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylic acid may also positively impact human metabolism and overall health. Humans are exposed to these hormones primarily through the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains, and emerging studies suggest they may influence human metabolic pathways. This …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 37–48 Read article
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A Review on Steel Metallurgy
Abstract: Steel is mostly manufactured in the manufacturing industries and it is nearly ninety percent due to its extremely higher strength and high toughness. This review paper discusses on the classification of steels, steel as a potential engineering material, mechanical properties and fabrication properties of steels. It also explains on its applications, low alloy steels groups and its properties. This review article also discusses on special steels like micro alloyed steels, …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Interpreting Place Memory as a Future Horizon for Architecture
Abstract: The creation of architecture, whether innovative or traditional, entails a certain attitude towards past architecture, an act of interpretation of the past, which requires a new outlook. Though architects should tread carefully and responsibly with regard to past architecture, the past should not cast its shadow on the architect’s imagination, but rather be the grain of inspiration for future change and development. One should not consider the past as separate …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 9–19 Read article
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Photosynthesis at high altitude: A case study in Trans Himalayan region
Abstract: Photosynthesis is the basis of life on earth that converts light energy into chemical energy and is the primary component of crop yield. Significant increase in crop yield by enhancing photosynthesis can answer to global food security. With the increase in population size and limited land availability, efforts have been made to grow crops in tough terrains like high altitude areas. As one ascends a mountain, environmental conditions such as …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 25–34 Read article
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A Study on Establishment of Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Milk Thistle) Seed Extract
Abstract: The fluorescence characteristics of seed powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of long and short wavelengths and ordinary visible light. When the small-grained drug and extracts were treated with totally different reagents and determined below ultraviolet illumination UV actinic radiation normal light, they emitted various color radiations. The colour modification for the seed powder and individual extract were distinctive and consistent revealing the solvent properties to the phytoconstituents and …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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A Comparative Study on Antioxidant Activities in Selected Citrus Fruits and Herbal Spices
Abstract: The compound which can suppress the free radicals generated in our body is known as antioxidant. Antioxidants are must for defense system of the body. Various types of foods taken by the body play an important role in body protection. Scientific evidence suggests that antioxidants reduce the risk for chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Plant sourced …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 17–21 Read article
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MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF MAIZE IN KATHMANDU VALLEY
Abstract: Monitoring study was carried out through survey in Kathmandu valley (Ramkot -5 Kathmandu district, Katunje -5, Bhaktapur district and Bungmati -25 Lalitpur district). Both qualitative and quantitative research approach was use with an objective to find the insect pests of maize in Kathmandu valley. Survey information was collected from 100 households randomly; 33 households from Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts and 34 households from Bhaktapur district during mid - June 2017 …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Studies on Batch Leaching of Excess Salt from Agricultural Soil
Abstract: This paper discusses about the experimentation on leaching of salt from agricultural soil. The leaching behavior of agricultural soil is studied for the recovery of salt. The main aim of leaching of salt from agricultural soil is to remove the salt from agricultural soil as the presence of salt in soil affects the soil fertility and causes 'structural breakdown' in grains. Hence this process is used to remove excess salts …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 40–45 Read article
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THE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
Abstract: A solid foundation in the geological sciences necessitates a thorough understanding of igneous petrology. Sedimentary and metamorphic counterparts, as well as intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks, derive from the inherent outcomes of the crystallization, cooling, and solidification of magma originating from the Earth's deepest realms. Bowen's reaction series elucidates the progression of mineral crystallization and cooling, delineating the variety of minerals formed based on the nature of the …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 17–22 Read article
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Synthesis of Low Cost Artificial Sand From Fly ash and its Application as a Filter Material
Abstract: The usage of natural river sand is increasing vastly. Geopolymers are materials with three-dimensional alumina silicate structures that have a high mechanical strength and can be used as an alternative to Portland cement. The probability of using Natural river sand can also be replaced with geopolymer synthetic sand. There are many properties which may lead the scarcity of natural riversand they are Because of landslides, tsunamis and erosion. The GPSS …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 15–24 Read article
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Some Geomechanical and Petrophysical Linkages Within Paleo-Sedimentary Beds of Ghana
Abstract: Instability issues have been a major challenge in the Sekondian Series of South-Western Ghana. This is particularly affecting civil works and environmental mitigation efforts across the formation as extensive weathered profile impedes structural integrity. Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of lithological units which is a critical stability measure in most engineering projects requires quality sample of appropriate dimension for its determination. Samples for this important design parameter cannot be easily obtained …
Published in International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 31–42 Read article
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Review Insight: Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening to Produce Nanograin Particles
Abstract: Tedious folding and rectifying (RCS) is an as of late created serious plastic distortion procedure to deliver Ultra-Fine Grain (UFG) materials. The initial step is completed by twisting the work piece to a ridged shape, and the second step is expert by fixing the layered work piece between two level platens. The preparing cycle can be rehashed ordinarily.
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 29–31 Read article
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A Survey of Key Policy and Ciphertext Policy Attribute based Encryption on Various Security and Efficiency Parameters
Abstract: ABSTRACTCloud is providing various services and out of which storage is one such credential service. Many users are gaining benefits by storing their data in cloud because cloud provides unlimited storage, High speed Computations and better convenience. But the problem arises when the user has to store some critical data in the cloud. So, a promising Cryptographic scheme called as Attribute based encryption is needed which not only is showing …
Published in International Journal of Software Computing and Testing · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 45–52 Read article
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Deposition and Characterization of ZnO Thin Films by Thermal Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Method for Photoconductive Sensor Application
Abstract: In this work we have deposited ZnO thin films using thermal evaporation method. The films have been deposited on silicon substrate for structural characterization and on glass substrate for optical characterization. The structural, surface morphology, optical properties and electrical properties of ZnO thin films were investigated systematically using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometeric measurement and semiconductor parameter analyzer respectively. The deposited ZnO thin …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–7 Read article