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294 articles for “produced water”
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Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Komagataeibacter saccharivorans BC-C1under different culture conditions: A comparative analysis
Abstract: Bacterial cellulose is a significant biopolymer with various applications because of its remarkable properties, like improved crystallinity, better mechanical strength, a high water- holding capacity, and biocompatibility. The current study aims to investigate how static and agitation culture conditions influence the bacterial cellulose production by Komagataeibacter saccharivorans BC-C1. Under static culturing condition, thick cellulose sheets with a higher yield of 0.94 ± 0.19 g/L were obtained, whereas in agitation culture …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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The new method of the desalination of the sea water
Abstract: The paper presents the developed multipurpose method of the desalination of sea water and the specially designed industrial desalinator that permit to desalt the large volumes of sea water, to obtain the valuable products: gas chlorine, oxygen, hydrogen, NaOH are simple with the large economic effectiveness. Because the developed industrial desalinator is the apparatus for continuous action, the use of parallel and series circuits of desalinators permits to control by …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 13–22 Read article
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Development of Superabsorbent Polymers from Natural Sources
Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are special materials that can absorb and hold a very large amount of water compared to their own weight. They are commonly used in products such as baby diapers, sanitary items, agriculture, and wastewater treatment. Most of the SAPs used today are made from petroleum-based chemicals. These materials do not easily break down in nature and may cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important to develop safer …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–34 Read article
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Design of Optimal Water Distribution Using WaterGEMS
Abstract: Water supply network are exorbitant framework planned with a goal of limiting the general expense while fulfilling the water need prerequisites in the adequate amount, quality and at acceptable pressing factor for example discovering a particularly ideal mathematical format which conveys known requests from source to all individual customers for an extensive stretch. In this paper plan of water supply network properly thinking about improvement notwithstanding the expense minimization, least …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Synthesis of Zeolites: An Overview
Abstract: Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. Zeolite synthesized from CFA is a minor but interesting product, with high environmental applications. Zeolites may be easily obtained from CFA by relatively cheap and fast conversion processes. This paper provides an overview on the methodologies for zeolite synthesis from CFA, and a detailed description of conventional alkaline conversion processes, with special emphasis on the experimental conditions to …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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Evaluation of The Resistance of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Steel Slag and Cement with Bentonite Powder
Abstract: According to the WHO, concrete is the third most consumed material by humans after food and water. Concrete consists of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water. In the production of cement, carbon dioxide is released into the environment, which becomes a big problem for environmental protection. Therefore, there is a need to modify the cement with some natural materials with pozzolanic properties. The aggregates, which are extracted from natural …
Published in International Journal of Concrete Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 21–29 Read article
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UNDP for Human Rights-based Approach for Water Governance
Abstract: Today, the deprivation in access to water and sanitation overwhelmingly impacts poor people and marginalised communities who often are systematically excluded as a result of inequality, unequal power relations and failures of governance. Among the poor, women and girls are especially affected. Access to sanitation and water is a human right and its realisation brings multiple human development benefits, including better health, reduced vulnerability, greater productivity, and expanded choices. Beyond …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 41–48 Read article
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Implementation Strategies for Sustainable Irrigation Infrastructures in Nigeria
Abstract: AbstractIrrigation agriculture is critical worldwide, accounting for approximately 70% of total water usage.In Nigeria, implementing effective irrigation strategies is essential to optimize water use and boostagricultural productivity. This paper examines the vital role of civil engineers in developing andapplying sustainable irrigation infrastructure strategies in Nigeria. Currently, irrigation systems facesignificant challenges due to increasing water scarcity and competition. The methodology of thisstudy involves a review of literature and case studies. Various …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Study of Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Rebar Steel in Saline water
Abstract: Corrosion is major problem with metals. When they come in contact of surrounding corrosive medium to construct a corrosion cell on their interface, metals undergo in corrosion reactions. Such environments metals can be exhibited uniform, galvanic, pitting, stress, crevice, embrittlement, intergranular corrosion etc. The corrosion of phenomenon of rebar steel studied in saline water. It creates corrosive medium for rebar steel due to availability of chloride ions. Rebar steel is …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Design Consideration of Rectangular Water Tank
Abstract: Storage reservoirs and overhead tank square measure is used to store water, liquid crude oil, crude oil product and similar liquids. The force analysis of the water tanks is regarding identical regardless of the chemical nature of the merchandise. This paper presents a constant study regarding behavior and style of overhead Rectangular concrete tank subjected to static loading conditions with special stress on IS:3370. The result of the various tank …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 18–21 Read article
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Investigation on Trans-esterification of Terephthalic Acid and Ethylene Glycol for the Production of Polyester Fibers.
Abstract: ABSTRACTThere have been considerable efforts to produce renewable polymers from biomass. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibers for clothing, containers for liiquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing ,etc.The monomer bis(2-hydrooxyethyl) terephthalate can be synthesized by the esterification reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol with water as a byproduct, or by transesterification reaction between glycol and dimethyl …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Study of PLA and its Synthesis Kinetics
Abstract: In this project we studied about Polylactic Acid and its production kinetics. The most often found optically active hydroxycarboxylic acid is lactic acid (LA, also known as 2-hydroxypropionic acid). In the form of L-and D-Lactic Acid, this chiral molecule may be found. The building blocks of polylactide are carboxylic acid monomers produced by fermentation of sugars from renewable sources, such as sugar cane, beet root, or corn starch. These sugars …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 16–27 Read article
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An Eco-friendly approach for the utilization of waste water for the generation of Bioelectricity
Abstract: Abstract: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is pollution free, electricity generation device; it represents a new method for eco-friendly source of electricity generation. When we produce electricity by Microbial fuel cell from food factory waste water we obtained pure water as a byproduct. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a special type of cell by which we can produce eco-friendly energy in the form of electricity. This paper explores the application of …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 23–26 Read article
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Design and Analysis approach of Horizontal Emulsion Treater Vessels using ANSYS Finite Element Software
Abstract: Several million wells around the world, ranging in size from small private wells producing 100 barrels per day to huge bore wells producing 4000 barrels per day, are used to extract oil and gas. Most typically, the oil and gas that is produced is a mixture of water, impurities, and oil that needs to be processed and separated. The gravity separator, the most common type of production separator, is available …
Published in International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 34–47 Read article
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Review Insight: Hits of Urbanization on Open Area, Upbringing and Environment in India
Abstract: In the coming century the development of the cities into the rural–urban edging are direct and indirect impacts with those who living there facing new problems and ethics in meeting their life needs and accommodating the concomitant of urbanization. As India is the most populated country urbanization provide entertainment, employment, shopping, and a generally higher standard of living. The flow under which urban population growth in developing countries is going …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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Nuclear waste heat and renewable energy derived hydrogen: Preliminary feasibility analysis
Abstract: Hydrogen, a possible carbon free energy resource of the future, can be obtained in a sustainable manner from abundantly available resource like water through low temperature, low pressure water electrolysis. This work examines the techno-economic feasibility aspects of a water electrolysis based hydrogen production plant of capacity 1000-10000 Nm3/hr, when coupled with a typical nuclear power plant in India and renewable energy resources in novel ways. The nuclear waste heat …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 7–31 Read article
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Extraction of Furfural (C5H4O2) from Waste Bagasse of Agricultural Source
Abstract: Furfural is an important liquid organic chemical having yellow oily nature with smell of almonds manufactured from Agro industrial wastes & residues containing carbohydrates known as pentosans and is used in refining of lubricating oils, petroleum, and diesel fuel. The raw material for the production of furfural was bagasse and chemicals such as H2SO4, water and NaCl. Bagasse is a waste product from sugar industry which is good source of …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 47–57 Read article
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A review on the Solar Still
Abstract: In present scenario the problem of clean potable water is very crucial. Due to adverse weathercondition the potable water is not available in the required quantity. The available water is brackishand to convert that in to fresh water is the main requirement in present scenario. As per the report byWHO and UNICEF the improved quality of water is used by 91% world population. Due to rapidindustrialization and urbanization the requirement …
Published in International Journal of Mechanics and Design · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Nanoscale Metal Oxide Improvement for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Hydrogen Generation
Abstract: The global pursuit of clean and renewable energy has spotlighted hydrogen as a sustainable fuel, particularly when generated through environmentally friendly methods. Among these, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting stands out as a direct and solar-powered approach to hydrogen (H₂) production. Unlike conventional techniques that rely heavily on fossil fuels, PEC systems utilize semiconductor materials to absorb sunlight and catalyze the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen, without releasing harmful …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Studies on corrosion mechanisms of steel wire ropes
Abstract: Degeneration of lubrication by seepage of water to core of ropes produces corrosion to change relevant properties. Corrosion of wire ropes in suspender of cross-sea bridges has induced from sulfur dioxide present in environment. Stress corrosion accident of steel wire in coalmine has studied by stress corrosion behaviors of high strength steel wires in mine trickling water. Keywords Steel, Rope, Corrosion, Fracture, Mine water, Tensile test, Stress corrosion crack
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 28–35 Read article