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805 articles for “India”
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Processing of Milk, Indian Standards, and Comparative Analysis of Milk Quality Using Different Tests
Abstract: Milk is one of the most vital food products consumed worldwide, known for its rich nutritional value and chemical complexity. This study aims to analyze the processing techniques of milk, the Indian standards (FSSAI, BIS) that govern milk quality, and the comparative evaluation of milk from different brands (Amul, Mother Dairy, Country Delight, and a local brand). The tests performed include urea test, starch test, detergent test, and formalin test, …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–25 Read article
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Statistical analysis of embodied carbon emissions intensity of hydrogen produced in India by grid connected water electrolysers
Abstract: Electrolytic hydrogen produced through alkaline water or proton exchange membrane electrolysers using clean electricity sources has the potential to contribute to industrial decarbonization by displacing fossil fuels like natural gas, as a low carbon feed material or energy carrier. To have favourable economics of hydrogen production, it is necessary to operate electrolysers continually to make the best use of the installed capacity and associated capital investment. This can be ensured …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Determinants of Homeownership Satisfaction in Urban India: A Comparative Evaluation Across Housing Typologies in Lucknow
Abstract: Housing satisfaction is a multidimensional concept shaped by physical, social, psychological, neighborhood, and socio-demographic factors that collectively influence residents’ perceptions of their living environment. The habitability of a dwelling depends not only on its engineering and physical attributes but also on behavioral, cultural, interpersonal, and community characteristics. This study examines homeownership satisfaction across three major housing categories – private builder-constructed, government-constructed, and self-constructed houses – in Lucknow, India. Using an …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–26 Read article
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A Comparative Environmental Analysis of Traditional and Concrete Construction Methods in Urban India: Statistical Insights into Carbon Footprints, Resource Consumption, and Waste Generation
Abstract: Significant effects on the environment and climate change have resulted from India’s shift from traditional building techniques to the growth of concrete jungles. Traditional structures used passive cooling, cross-ventilation, and the thoughtful use of courtyards and open spaces. They were made from natural materials that were sourced locally, such as clay, wood, stone, and thatch. Because they were made to use as little energy as possible, encourage natural temperature regulation, …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Sustainable Landscape Approaches Incorporating Water Conservation Techniques in Drought-Affected Regions of India: An Architectural Perspective
Abstract: In drought-prone areas of India, where sustainable water management is crucial to guaranteeing long-term water availability, water scarcity is a serious problem. Architecture and landscape design can be vital in promoting sustainable water management practices. Therefore, this study aims to determine how architectural intervention and sustainable landscape strategies contribute to improving water conservation initiatives in these areas. Architectural and landscape designs –—through methods, such as rainwater harvesting, xeriscaping, and groundwater …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 50–58 Read article
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Franchising Kakhi: Converging Mythologies and Geographies in Creating Multiple Manifestations of Kashis in India and Nepal
Abstract: Sacred sites are created to suit and promote particular legend(s), where myth, realities, histories and geographies converge and become inseparable creating unique Sacred Cultural Landscapes. Most prolific of such example is that of Kashi (Banaras/Varanasi), which is eulogised as the religious capital by Hindus. However beside being a tirtha Kashi has also become an ‘Idea’ which has been replicated or manifested at several places within India. These Kashi’s namesakes neither …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 46–63 Read article
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Role of Industries in Technical Education in India: Past, Present, and Future
Abstract: Engineering education in India is passing through trying times. Over the last century, Industries bloomed and stabilized only to slow down due to globalisation and rise of China as the global manufacturing hub. Technical education in India had a humble beginning but over the last two decades has seen mushrooming of institutions with a commercial intent and the very purpose is defeated in majority of the cases. In the quest …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 17–21 Read article
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Ancient Water Management Planning Tradition and Techniwues of India: An Overview
Abstract: India has an ancient tradition of water management system from more than 5000 years and over centuries. The testament to the collection of monsoon rainwater through reservoirs and wells can be seen in the Indus Valley civilization (3000-1500 BC). Mohenjodaro, the largest city belonging to Harappa culture had over open wells. The people of India possessed remarkable skills in the construction of dams, lakes, and tanks since old age. Their …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 59–63 Read article
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ANCIENT WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING TRADITION AND TECHNIQUES OF INDIA: AN OVERVIEW
Abstract: India has an ancient tradition of water management system from more than 5000 years and over centuries. The testament to the collection of monsoon rainwater through reservoirs and wells can be seen in the Indus Valley civilization (3000-1500 BC). Mohenjodaro, the largest city belonging to Harappa culture had over open wells. The people of India possessed remarkable skills in the construction of dams, lakes, and tanks since old age. Their …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 59–63 Read article
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A Review of PPP mode of Urban Transport in Indian Cities
Abstract: The fast pace of urbanization has fuelled the demand for urban mobility which successively triggered sort of projects in urban transport within the country. However, given their capital intensive nature, large scale, long gestation, multifarious stakeholders, poor investment returns and operational deficits; both implementation and financing of such projects become a challenge. Use of Public Private Partnership format in infrastructure in India is now nearly 20 years old. However, application …
Published in International Journal of Urban Design · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Reviewing Adoptability Potential of Green Building Policies of India
Abstract: Abstract Insignificant (25% of world average) carbon footprint of India has doubled in last 15 years, indicating an alarming future overburdened with the threat of climate change, over-population and intense urbanization. To find a greener and sustainable route for this inevitable trend, this paper scrutinizes the success factors and barriers for the acceptability of national green building grading tool GRIHA. It was analyzed to offer limited tangible benefits to commoners …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Protecting the Viewscape and Visual Relationship of Sacred Heritage Monuments in South India – A Case of Gopurams of Tamil Nadu
Abstract: The unique significance and social value of heritage monuments across the world prompted many governments to work out strategies to protect their viewscapes. The Sacred heritage monuments and their viewscape are important to the overall quality of our communities, the views and visual relationships towards these monuments foster emotional bonding between people and them. In India, many such sacred heritage monuments are surrounded by new urban development which destroy the …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 23–35 Read article
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Need of Architectural Restoration and Conservation of Ancient Coastal Manora Fort in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract: An ancient Manora Fort was built by Maratha Ruler in 1814-1815 as victory Tower, eight storied hexagonal Minaret style. Due to unstable ground of sea shore and Indian Ocean tsunami in Dec. 2004, the fort was severally damaged by natural disaster, along with other monuments. The renovation and improvement of infrastructures were made by State Tourism Deptt. In 2007, the tourists are allowed only up to the second level of …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 16–20 Read article
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Study of Various Government Initiatives and Schemes to Enhance the Character of Indian Heritage and Religious Streets: A Case of Puri
Abstract: India consists of seven holy pilgrimage cities and the Chardhams located in the four cardinal directions. The seven pilgrimage cities include Varanasi, Dwarka, Mathura, Ayodhya, Hardwar, Ujjain and Kanchipuram and the Chardhams include Puri in East, Badrinath in North, Dwarka in West and Rameshwaram in South. All these holy cities have a distinct character and religious fervor and follow traditions and rituals from over the years passed from one generation …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 49–56 Read article
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Potential of Urban Agriculture to Enhance Architecture and Lifestyle in Indian Context
Abstract: Since the dawn of humankind, there has been a need for food and shelter. As a result, human life and behaviors as a whole have evolved. But, in recent decades the world has seen tremendous growth in terms of population and usage of resources. The rapid and haphazard urbanization has caused a major loss in parts of rural agricultural lands to build urban infrastructure. India, being the world's largest population …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 15–22 Read article
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Need of Modular Coordination and Standardization in Design and Construction of Urban Mass Housing in India
Abstract: This paper aims to point out the various aspects of modular coordination and standardization in building methodologies suitable for Indian urban mass housing by highlighting the advantages achieved by their adoption in Indian context. In mass housing, the major building components are the foundation, walling, doors, windows, floors and roofing. These components can be individually sized, analyzed and suitably matched for ease/speed of construction and cost saving. These modular system …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Review Insight: Hits of Urbanization on Open Area, Upbringing and Environment in India
Abstract: In the coming century the development of the cities into the rural–urban edging are direct and indirect impacts with those who living there facing new problems and ethics in meeting their life needs and accommodating the concomitant of urbanization. As India is the most populated country urbanization provide entertainment, employment, shopping, and a generally higher standard of living. The flow under which urban population growth in developing countries is going …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Areas of India
Abstract: Water is very important for survival of every human being. India is blessed with adequate rainfall. It is estimated that rainwater captured from 1-2 percent of India’s land can provide water to 950 million persons at 100 liters per person per day. With the development and growth of urban population, the paved area and roof area is also increasing and this situation is ideal for implementing rainwater harvesting techniques. This …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 10–21 Read article
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Assessing Accessibility in Residential Neighbourhoods of Colonial Towns: Case of Little Europe, West Bengal, India
Abstract: Bengal has a strong connection with the history of colonization in the Indian subcontinent. It was witness to commercial forays by East India Companies (EIC) set up by a number of European powers. The four colonial towns of Serampore, Chandernagore, Chinsurah and Bandel set up by the Dutch, French, Danes and Portuguese EICs have recently been designated as “Little Europe” by the Government of West Bengal. These towns, representing the …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 13–26 Read article
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Preferences of Landscape Elements at Different Housing Typologies in Indian Context
Abstract: Abstract Landscape elements help in enhancing the health and well-being of the people along with creating pleasant housing environment. In India housing diverges to a great extent and existing typology of housing depending on its physical appearance, bye-laws, and socio-economic profile. This paper identifies the categories of landscape elements and classifies the housing typology by literature review. In this paper, primary data of 18housing colonies from six identified housing typologies …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–9 Read article