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By: Birendra Kumar Singh
Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
Abstract
Durable concrete refers to a type of concrete that can effectively resist weathering over a prolonged
period, maintaining its structural integrity and functionality. Weathering actions include physical,
chemical, and environmental factors, such as temperature variations, freeze-thaw cycles, moisture ingress, and exposure to aggressive chemicals. Concrete durability is critical for ensuring the long-term performance and safety of structures. Rainwater, when mixed with air, often contains dissolved gases and chemicals that can penetrate the pores of concrete. This penetration can lead to chemical
reactions with the constituents of concrete, causing disintegration and reducing the material’s
strength. The exposed surface of concrete is particularly vulnerable to such damage, especially when
it is subjected to prolonged exposure to rainwater. Moreover, waterlogging on roofs, due to
inadequate drainage, exacerbates the problem by allowing water to penetrate deeper into the
structure, potentially compromising its integrity. To ensure durability, concrete must possess low
water absorption properties. High water absorption indicates the presence of voids, making the
material more porous and susceptible to damage. Porosity not only reduces strength but also
accelerates degradation, particularly when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying conditions.
Implementing measures, such as using supplementary cementitious materials, proper mix design, and
adequate curing techniques can significantly enhance the durability of concrete. Durability also
involves protecting embedded reinforcement from corrosion. This is achieved by providing sufficient
cover to steel reinforcements, preventing water and oxygen from reaching the steel. For instance, a
steel cover of 40 mm is adequate to protect against a penetration depth of 30 mm. In addition to
material improvements, proper maintenance and drainage systems are essential to prevent
waterlogging and related structural issues. In summary, durable concrete is a cornerstone of
sustainable construction, resisting environmental challenges and ensuring the longevity of
infrastructure.
Citation:
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