Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures
Birendra Kumar Singh | International Journal of Concrete Technology | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 1-5 | ISSN: 2456-8317
Abstract
Abstract
Durable concrete refers to a type of concrete that can effectively resist weathering over a prolonged period, maintaining its structural integrity and functionality. Weathering actions include physical, chemical, and environmental factors, such as temperature variations, freeze-thaw cycles, moisture ingress, and exposure to aggressive chemicals. Concrete durability is critical for ensuring the long-term performance and safety of structures. Rainwater, when mixed with air, often contains dissolved gases and chemicals that can penetrate the pores of concrete. This penetration can lead to chemical reactions with the constituents of concrete, causing disintegration and reducing the material’s strength. The exposed surface of concrete is particularly vulnerable to such damage, especially when it is subjected to prolonged exposure to rainwater. Moreover, waterlogging on roofs, due to inadequate drainage, exacerbates the problem by allowing water to penetrate deeper into the structure, potentially compromising its integrity. To ensure durability, concrete must possess low water absorption properties. High water absorption indicates the presence of voids, making the material more porous and susceptible to damage. Porosity not only reduces strength but also accelerates degradation, particularly when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying conditions. Implementing measures, such as using supplementary cementitious materials, proper mix design, and adequate curing techniques can significantly enhance the durability of concrete. Durability also involves protecting embedded reinforcement from corrosion. This is achieved by providing sufficient cover to steel reinforcements, preventing water and oxygen from reaching the steel. For instance, a steel cover of 40 mm is adequate to protect against a penetration depth of 30 mm. In addition to material improvements, proper maintenance and drainage systems are essential to prevent waterlogging and related structural issues. In summary, durable concrete is a cornerstone of sustainable construction, resisting environmental challenges and ensuring the longevity of infrastructure.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Basheer PAM, Sha’at AA, Long AE, Montgomery FR. Influence of controlled permeability formwork on the durability of concrete. In: Proceedings of the International Conference, Concrete 2000, Economic and Durable Construction Through Excellence; 1993 Sep 6–8; London, UK. London: E & F N Spon; 1993. pp. 737–748. 2. Basheer PAM, Sha’at AA, Long AE. Controlled permeability formwork: Influence on carbonation and chloride ingress in concrete. In: Proceedings of Concrete under Severe Conditions, Environment and Loading; 1995 Aug 28–30; Montreal, Canada. London: E & F N Spon; 1995. pp. 1205–1215. 3. Basheer PAM, Rankin GIB. In-situ evaluation of surface properties cast using Zemdrain formwork liner at Dock Street Bridge, Belfast. Internal report to Du Pont De Nemours, Luxembourg; 1992 Apr. Report No: TAS 131. 4. British Cement Association. BCA investigates hybrid permanent formwork. BCA Bulletin. 1992;13:3. 5. Department of Trade and Industry. Controlled permeability formwork, paper No.8, formwork practice in Japan. Report on an overseas Science and Technology Expert Mission; 1989 Oct. 6. Duggan T. Enhancing concrete durability using controlled permeability formwork. In: Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures; 1992 Aug 26–28; Singapore. Singapore: National University of Singapore; 1992. pp. 57–62. 7. De Nemours DP. Formwork liner for long life concrete. Concrete. 1992;26(3):22. 8. Harrison TA. Hi-tech concrete leads Japanese dam bids. New Civil Engineer. 1990;22. 9. Harrison TA. Introducing controlled permeability formwork. Concrete Quarterly. 1990;6–7. 10. Harrison TA. Introducing controlled permeability formwork. Increase concrete durability in the cover zone. Concrete Construction. 1991;36(2):198–202. 11. Korec E, Mingazzi L, Freddi F, Martínez-Pañeda E. Predicting the impact of water transport on carbonation-induced corrosion in variably saturated reinforced concrete. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.02611. 2024. 12. MDPI. Porosity evaluation of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials. Buildings. 2021;11(9):378. Available at https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/9/378 13. PMC. Influence of a nano-hydrophobic admixture on concrete durability. Materials. 2021;14(24):7927. Available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573076/ 14. ResearchGate. Evaluation of relationship between water absorption and durability of concrete materials. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287626530_Evaluation_of_Relationship_between_Wate r_Absorption_and_Durability_of_Concrete_Materials [Accessed in August 2014]. 15. SCIRP. The effect of mix-design and corrosion inhibitors on the durability of concrete. J Mater Sci Chem Eng. 2020;8(4):1–12. Available at https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=99735
How to cite this article
APA
Singh, B. K. (2025). Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures. International Journal of Concrete Technology, 11(01), 1-5.
MLA
Singh, Birendra Kumar. “Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures.” International Journal of Concrete Technology, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 1-5.
Chicago
Birendra Kumar Singh. “Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures.” International Journal of Concrete Technology 11, no. 01 (2025): 1-5.
Vancouver
Singh BK. Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures. International Journal of Concrete Technology. 2025;11(01):1-5.
BibTeX
@article{SinghBK2025,
author = {Birendra Kumar Singh},
title = {Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures},
journal = {International Journal of Concrete Technology},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {1--5},
issn = {2456-8317},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijct/article=18304}
}
Necessary cookies enable essential site features like secure log-ins and consent preference adjustments. They do not store personal data.
None
►
Functional cookies support features like content sharing on social media, collecting feedback, and enabling third-party tools.
None
►
Analytical cookies track visitor interactions, providing insights on metrics like visitor count, bounce rate, and traffic sources.
None
►
Advertisement cookies deliver personalized ads based on your previous visits and analyze the effectiveness of ad campaigns.
None
►
Unclassified cookies are cookies that we are in the process of classifying, together with the providers of individual cookies.
None
Birendra Kumar Singh | International Journal of Concrete Technology | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 1-5 | ISSN: 2456-8317
Abstract
Abstract
Durable concrete refers to a type of concrete that can effectively resist weathering over a prolonged period, maintaining its structural integrity and functionality. Weathering actions include physical, chemical, and environmental factors, such as temperature variations, freeze-thaw cycles, moisture ingress, and exposure to aggressive chemicals. Concrete durability is critical for ensuring the long-term performance and safety of structures. Rainwater, when mixed with air, often contains dissolved gases and chemicals that can penetrate the pores of concrete. This penetration can lead to chemical reactions with the constituents of concrete, causing disintegration and reducing the material’s strength. The exposed surface of concrete is particularly vulnerable to such damage, especially when it is subjected to prolonged exposure to rainwater. Moreover, waterlogging on roofs, due to inadequate drainage, exacerbates the problem by allowing water to penetrate deeper into the structure, potentially compromising its integrity. To ensure durability, concrete must possess low water absorption properties. High water absorption indicates the presence of voids, making the material more porous and susceptible to damage. Porosity not only reduces strength but also accelerates degradation, particularly when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying conditions. Implementing measures, such as using supplementary cementitious materials, proper mix design, and adequate curing techniques can significantly enhance the durability of concrete. Durability also involves protecting embedded reinforcement from corrosion. This is achieved by providing sufficient cover to steel reinforcements, preventing water and oxygen from reaching the steel. For instance, a steel cover of 40 mm is adequate to protect against a penetration depth of 30 mm. In addition to material improvements, proper maintenance and drainage systems are essential to prevent waterlogging and related structural issues. In summary, durable concrete is a cornerstone of sustainable construction, resisting environmental challenges and ensuring the longevity of infrastructure.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Basheer PAM, Sha’at AA, Long AE, Montgomery FR. Influence of controlled permeability formwork on the durability of concrete. In: Proceedings of the International Conference, Concrete 2000, Economic and Durable Construction Through Excellence; 1993 Sep 6–8; London, UK. London: E & F N Spon; 1993. pp. 737–748. 2. Basheer PAM, Sha’at AA, Long AE. Controlled permeability formwork: Influence on carbonation and chloride ingress in concrete. In: Proceedings of Concrete under Severe Conditions, Environment and Loading; 1995 Aug 28–30; Montreal, Canada. London: E & F N Spon; 1995. pp. 1205–1215. 3. Basheer PAM, Rankin GIB. In-situ evaluation of surface properties cast using Zemdrain formwork liner at Dock Street Bridge, Belfast. Internal report to Du Pont De Nemours, Luxembourg; 1992 Apr. Report No: TAS 131. 4. British Cement Association. BCA investigates hybrid permanent formwork. BCA Bulletin. 1992;13:3. 5. Department of Trade and Industry. Controlled permeability formwork, paper No.8, formwork practice in Japan. Report on an overseas Science and Technology Expert Mission; 1989 Oct. 6. Duggan T. Enhancing concrete durability using controlled permeability formwork. In: Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures; 1992 Aug 26–28; Singapore. Singapore: National University of Singapore; 1992. pp. 57–62. 7. De Nemours DP. Formwork liner for long life concrete. Concrete. 1992;26(3):22. 8. Harrison TA. Hi-tech concrete leads Japanese dam bids. New Civil Engineer. 1990;22. 9. Harrison TA. Introducing controlled permeability formwork. Concrete Quarterly. 1990;6–7. 10. Harrison TA. Introducing controlled permeability formwork. Increase concrete durability in the cover zone. Concrete Construction. 1991;36(2):198–202. 11. Korec E, Mingazzi L, Freddi F, Martínez-Pañeda E. Predicting the impact of water transport on carbonation-induced corrosion in variably saturated reinforced concrete. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.02611. 2024. 12. MDPI. Porosity evaluation of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials. Buildings. 2021;11(9):378. Available at https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/9/378 13. PMC. Influence of a nano-hydrophobic admixture on concrete durability. Materials. 2021;14(24):7927. Available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573076/ 14. ResearchGate. Evaluation of relationship between water absorption and durability of concrete materials. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287626530_Evaluation_of_Relationship_between_Wate r_Absorption_and_Durability_of_Concrete_Materials [Accessed in August 2014]. 15. SCIRP. The effect of mix-design and corrosion inhibitors on the durability of concrete. J Mater Sci Chem Eng. 2020;8(4):1–12. Available at https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=99735
How to cite this article
APA
Singh, B. K. (2025). Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures. International Journal of Concrete Technology, 11(01), 1-5.
MLA
Singh, Birendra Kumar. “Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures.” International Journal of Concrete Technology, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 1-5.
Chicago
Birendra Kumar Singh. “Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures.” International Journal of Concrete Technology 11, no. 01 (2025): 1-5.
Vancouver
Singh BK. Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures. International Journal of Concrete Technology. 2025;11(01):1-5.
BibTeX
@article{SinghBK2025,
author = {Birendra Kumar Singh},
title = {Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures},
journal = {International Journal of Concrete Technology},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {1--5},
issn = {2456-8317},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijct/article=18304}
}
Birendra Kumar Singh | International Journal of Concrete Technology | Vol 11, Issue 01 | pp. 1-5 | ISSN: 2456-8317
Abstract
Abstract
Durable concrete refers to a type of concrete that can effectively resist weathering over a prolonged period, maintaining its structural integrity and functionality. Weathering actions include physical, chemical, and environmental factors, such as temperature variations, freeze-thaw cycles, moisture ingress, and exposure to aggressive chemicals. Concrete durability is critical for ensuring the long-term performance and safety of structures. Rainwater, when mixed with air, often contains dissolved gases and chemicals that can penetrate the pores of concrete. This penetration can lead to chemical reactions with the constituents of concrete, causing disintegration and reducing the material’s strength. The exposed surface of concrete is particularly vulnerable to such damage, especially when it is subjected to prolonged exposure to rainwater. Moreover, waterlogging on roofs, due to inadequate drainage, exacerbates the problem by allowing water to penetrate deeper into the structure, potentially compromising its integrity. To ensure durability, concrete must possess low water absorption properties. High water absorption indicates the presence of voids, making the material more porous and susceptible to damage. Porosity not only reduces strength but also accelerates degradation, particularly when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying conditions. Implementing measures, such as using supplementary cementitious materials, proper mix design, and adequate curing techniques can significantly enhance the durability of concrete. Durability also involves protecting embedded reinforcement from corrosion. This is achieved by providing sufficient cover to steel reinforcements, preventing water and oxygen from reaching the steel. For instance, a steel cover of 40 mm is adequate to protect against a penetration depth of 30 mm. In addition to material improvements, proper maintenance and drainage systems are essential to prevent waterlogging and related structural issues. In summary, durable concrete is a cornerstone of sustainable construction, resisting environmental challenges and ensuring the longevity of infrastructure.
🔒 This is a subscription article
Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.
1. Basheer PAM, Sha’at AA, Long AE, Montgomery FR. Influence of controlled permeability formwork on the durability of concrete. In: Proceedings of the International Conference, Concrete 2000, Economic and Durable Construction Through Excellence; 1993 Sep 6–8; London, UK. London: E & F N Spon; 1993. pp. 737–748. 2. Basheer PAM, Sha’at AA, Long AE. Controlled permeability formwork: Influence on carbonation and chloride ingress in concrete. In: Proceedings of Concrete under Severe Conditions, Environment and Loading; 1995 Aug 28–30; Montreal, Canada. London: E & F N Spon; 1995. pp. 1205–1215. 3. Basheer PAM, Rankin GIB. In-situ evaluation of surface properties cast using Zemdrain formwork liner at Dock Street Bridge, Belfast. Internal report to Du Pont De Nemours, Luxembourg; 1992 Apr. Report No: TAS 131. 4. British Cement Association. BCA investigates hybrid permanent formwork. BCA Bulletin. 1992;13:3. 5. Department of Trade and Industry. Controlled permeability formwork, paper No.8, formwork practice in Japan. Report on an overseas Science and Technology Expert Mission; 1989 Oct. 6. Duggan T. Enhancing concrete durability using controlled permeability formwork. In: Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures; 1992 Aug 26–28; Singapore. Singapore: National University of Singapore; 1992. pp. 57–62. 7. De Nemours DP. Formwork liner for long life concrete. Concrete. 1992;26(3):22. 8. Harrison TA. Hi-tech concrete leads Japanese dam bids. New Civil Engineer. 1990;22. 9. Harrison TA. Introducing controlled permeability formwork. Concrete Quarterly. 1990;6–7. 10. Harrison TA. Introducing controlled permeability formwork. Increase concrete durability in the cover zone. Concrete Construction. 1991;36(2):198–202. 11. Korec E, Mingazzi L, Freddi F, Martínez-Pañeda E. Predicting the impact of water transport on carbonation-induced corrosion in variably saturated reinforced concrete. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.02611. 2024. 12. MDPI. Porosity evaluation of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials. Buildings. 2021;11(9):378. Available at https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/9/378 13. PMC. Influence of a nano-hydrophobic admixture on concrete durability. Materials. 2021;14(24):7927. Available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573076/ 14. ResearchGate. Evaluation of relationship between water absorption and durability of concrete materials. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287626530_Evaluation_of_Relationship_between_Wate r_Absorption_and_Durability_of_Concrete_Materials [Accessed in August 2014]. 15. SCIRP. The effect of mix-design and corrosion inhibitors on the durability of concrete. J Mater Sci Chem Eng. 2020;8(4):1–12. Available at https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=99735
How to cite this article
APA
Singh, B. K. (2025). Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures. International Journal of Concrete Technology, 11(01), 1-5.
MLA
Singh, Birendra Kumar. “Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures.” International Journal of Concrete Technology, vol. 11, no. 01, 2025, pp. 1-5.
Chicago
Birendra Kumar Singh. “Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures.” International Journal of Concrete Technology 11, no. 01 (2025): 1-5.
Vancouver
Singh BK. Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures. International Journal of Concrete Technology. 2025;11(01):1-5.
BibTeX
@article{SinghBK2025,
author = {Birendra Kumar Singh},
title = {Ensuring Long-Term Durability and Resilience in Concrete Structures},
journal = {International Journal of Concrete Technology},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {01},
pages = {1--5},
issn = {2456-8317},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijct/article=18304}
}
