Abstract

The global transportation sector remains a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, necessitating continuous advancements in emission reduction strategies for internal combustion (IC) engines. Diesel and gasoline engines, despite their efficiency and widespread use, produce harmful pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon monoxide (CO). These emissions contribute to serious environmental and health issues, including global warming, respiratory diseases, and ecosystem degradation. Given the rapid expansion of transportation networks and the increasing number of vehicles worldwide, the need for stringent emission control measures has never been greater. Governments and regulatory bodies have established rigorous emission standards that necessitate the development of innovative technologies to mitigate harmful pollutants. The adoption of cleaner combustion techniques, advanced catalytic converters, and alternative fuel sources plays a crucial role in minimizing environmental impact. This review highlights the latest advancements in emission control technologies, fuel modifications, and alternative fuels, which have been instrumental in reducing emissions from conventional internal combustion engines. Innovations, such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and diesel particulate filters (DPF) have significantly contributed to emission reductions in diesel engines. Meanwhile, improvements in gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems and the use of oxygenated fuels have enhanced the efficiency of gasoline engines while lowering pollutant emissions. Furthermore, this review explores emerging trends and future directions in achieving sustainable and cleaner engine technologies. With the integration of hybrid-electric powertrains, hydrogen combustion, and synthetic fuels, the automotive industry is poised to transition toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly future. By implementing these advanced strategies, the reliance on fossil fuels can be minimized, leading to a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and promoting global environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Emission control technologies, internal combustion engines, fuel efficiency improvement, alternative fuels, combustion optimization, renewable energy integration

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Liu Z, Li W, Zhang J. Optimization of combustion parameters for emission reduction in gasoline engines. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2019;101:56–67.
2. Bicer Y, Dincer I. Review of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil and its impact on emission reductions. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;82:204–216.
3. Li H, Zhang Y, Wang J, et al. Effects of advanced fuel injection strategies on emission and performance characteristics of a gasoline engine. Energy Convers Manag. 2020;205:112320.
4. Sharma D, Arora A, Sharma A. A review on the progress of emission control technologies in internal combustion engines. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2019;26:31909–31925.
5. Sahu AK, Sharma N, Prakash A, et al. A comprehensive review of combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in diesel engines. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;72:929–943.
6. Kumar M, Kumar M, Goel V, et al. Hydrogen as a potential fuel for internal combustion engines: A review. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2019;44(12):6343–6360.
7. Raghunathan S, Ganesan V, Baskar S. Technological advancements in emission reduction for modern diesel engines. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2020;80:106328.
8. Al-Mansoori M, Al-Shahrani M, Alsobhi M. A review of diesel engine emission reduction strategies using alternative fuels. Energy. 2019;188:116053.
9. Puhan S, Basha S, Murugan S. Impact of alternative fuels on internal combustion engine emissions: A review. Fuel Processing Technology. 2020;198:106167.
10. Reitz RD, Zhu L, Yang X. Advances in high-efficiency combustion and emission reduction in internal combustion engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 2019;70:1–45.
11. Banerjee A, Kumar S, Sharma S. Effect of engine operating parameters on the emission characteristics of gasoline engines: A comprehensive review. J Energy Inst. 2020;93(3):803–824.
12. Ladommatos N, McDonald J, Horne P, et al. Fuel formulations and their effects on emissions from modern internal combustion engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 2018;64:38–60.
13. Mahir H, Khedr M, Habib H. Impact of after-treatment technologies on diesel engine emissions: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2019;666:598–609.
14. Bressan L, Faccenda M, Araujo A, et al. A review of alternative fuels and their potential for reduction of NOx and particulate emissions in compression ignition engines. Fuel. 2018;228:438–455.

Abstract

The global transportation sector remains a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, necessitating continuous advancements in emission reduction strategies for internal combustion (IC) engines. Diesel and gasoline engines, despite their efficiency and widespread use, produce harmful pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon monoxide (CO). These emissions contribute to serious environmental and health issues, including global warming, respiratory diseases, and ecosystem degradation. Given the rapid expansion of transportation networks and the increasing number of vehicles worldwide, the need for stringent emission control measures has never been greater. Governments and regulatory bodies have established rigorous emission standards that necessitate the development of innovative technologies to mitigate harmful pollutants. The adoption of cleaner combustion techniques, advanced catalytic converters, and alternative fuel sources plays a crucial role in minimizing environmental impact. This review highlights the latest advancements in emission control technologies, fuel modifications, and alternative fuels, which have been instrumental in reducing emissions from conventional internal combustion engines. Innovations, such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and diesel particulate filters (DPF) have significantly contributed to emission reductions in diesel engines. Meanwhile, improvements in gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems and the use of oxygenated fuels have enhanced the efficiency of gasoline engines while lowering pollutant emissions. Furthermore, this review explores emerging trends and future directions in achieving sustainable and cleaner engine technologies. With the integration of hybrid-electric powertrains, hydrogen combustion, and synthetic fuels, the automotive industry is poised to transition toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly future. By implementing these advanced strategies, the reliance on fossil fuels can be minimized, leading to a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and promoting global environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Emission control technologies, internal combustion engines, fuel efficiency improvement, alternative fuels, combustion optimization, renewable energy integration

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Liu Z, Li W, Zhang J. Optimization of combustion parameters for emission reduction in gasoline engines. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2019;101:56–67.
2. Bicer Y, Dincer I. Review of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil and its impact on emission reductions. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;82:204–216.
3. Li H, Zhang Y, Wang J, et al. Effects of advanced fuel injection strategies on emission and performance characteristics of a gasoline engine. Energy Convers Manag. 2020;205:112320.
4. Sharma D, Arora A, Sharma A. A review on the progress of emission control technologies in internal combustion engines. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2019;26:31909–31925.
5. Sahu AK, Sharma N, Prakash A, et al. A comprehensive review of combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in diesel engines. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;72:929–943.
6. Kumar M, Kumar M, Goel V, et al. Hydrogen as a potential fuel for internal combustion engines: A review. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2019;44(12):6343–6360.
7. Raghunathan S, Ganesan V, Baskar S. Technological advancements in emission reduction for modern diesel engines. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2020;80:106328.
8. Al-Mansoori M, Al-Shahrani M, Alsobhi M. A review of diesel engine emission reduction strategies using alternative fuels. Energy. 2019;188:116053.
9. Puhan S, Basha S, Murugan S. Impact of alternative fuels on internal combustion engine emissions: A review. Fuel Processing Technology. 2020;198:106167.
10. Reitz RD, Zhu L, Yang X. Advances in high-efficiency combustion and emission reduction in internal combustion engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 2019;70:1–45.
11. Banerjee A, Kumar S, Sharma S. Effect of engine operating parameters on the emission characteristics of gasoline engines: A comprehensive review. J Energy Inst. 2020;93(3):803–824.
12. Ladommatos N, McDonald J, Horne P, et al. Fuel formulations and their effects on emissions from modern internal combustion engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 2018;64:38–60.
13. Mahir H, Khedr M, Habib H. Impact of after-treatment technologies on diesel engine emissions: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2019;666:598–609.
14. Bressan L, Faccenda M, Araujo A, et al. A review of alternative fuels and their potential for reduction of NOx and particulate emissions in compression ignition engines. Fuel. 2018;228:438–455.