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By: Shubham Tripathi
Student, Department of Engineering, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology (BBDNIIT), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Gas turbines are critical in modern power generation and propulsion systems, where high thermal efficiency, performance, and durability are essential. Operating at extreme temperatures and in aggressive chemical environments places significant stress on hot-section components, such as turbine blades, vanes, and combustor liners. To meet these demands, advanced high-temperature materials and protective coatings have been developed to ensure structural integrity, reduce maintenance, and improve operational lifespan. Nickel-based superalloys remain the foundation for turbine components due to their exceptional mechanical strength, oxidation resistance, and ability to retain performance at elevated temperatures. However, limitations related to density, temperature thresholds, and cost have driven research into alternative materials, such as ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). CMCs, particularly silicon carbide-based systems, offer superior thermal capability and reduced weight, making them suitable for next-generation turbines operating beyond 1400°C. Complementing these materials, protective coatings play a pivotal role in managing thermal loads and resisting environmental degradation. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely applied to metallic components to provide thermal insulation, while environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) protect CMCs from moisture, oxidation, and hot corrosion. Innovations in coating composition, microstructure, and deposition methods – such as electron beam physical vapor deposition – have significantly improved coating durability and performance under cyclic loading conditions. This review presents recent advancements in high-temperature materials and protective coatings for gas turbine applications, emphasizing their role in enhancing thermal efficiency, component longevity, and engine reliability. Challenges, such as coating-substrate compatibility, degradation mechanisms, and scalability are also addressed. These developments are essential for supporting the performance requirements of modern gas turbines, including future designs that integrate cleaner fuels and operate under stricter environmental regulations.
Keywords: Gas turbines, high-temperature materials, thermal barrier coatings, ceramic matrix composites, internal combustion, turbine efficiency, oxidation resistance, coating degradation.
Citation:
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