Journal Menu
By: Sandeep Rai and Pradeep Uthale
1. Sandeep Rai, General Manager R&D, Dyne Chemicals LLP, 3312/18, Chhatral GIDC, Phase-IV, Taluka – Kalol, District – Gandhinagar, Gujarat – 382729, India
2. Pradeep Uthale, Application Manger, Dyne Chemicals LLP, 3312/18, Chhatral GIDC, Phase-IV, Taluka – Kalol, District – Gandhinagar, Gujarat – 382729, India
Butyl and halo butyl rubbers are key raw materials for various industries due to their exceptional properties, like permeability to gases, high chemical resistance, and durability. Butyl rubber (IIR) is composed of isobutylene with small amounts of isoprene, offering a low permeability to gases, making it ideal for applications in the automotive, medical, and consumer goods. Butyl Rubber is non-polar nature and possess excellent insulation properties which further enhance its suitability for tire inner linings, sealants, and other industrial uses. Halo butyl rubbers are butyl rubber derivatives that have been altered by halogens such as bromine or chlorine. Halogenation of butyl rubbers significantly improves its curing characteristics, bond ability, and resistance towards heat and aging. The introduction of halogens in polymer chain of butyl rubber also results in enhanced mechanical strength & improved adhesion properties, which further expands its usage in automotive tires, air bags, and pharmaceutical applications. This review provides brief overview of the synthesis, chemical structure, properties, and applications of butyl and halobutyl rubbers.
Citation:
Refrences:
- Fusco JV, Hous P. Butyl and Halobutyl Rubbers. In: Morton M, editor. Rubber Technology. Dordrecht: Springer; 1999. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2925-3_10
- Alves JB, Vasconcelos MK, Mangia LHR, Tatagiba M, Fidalgo J, Campos D, et al. A bibliometric survey on polyisobutylene manufacture. Processes. 2021;9:1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081315
- De Guzman D. History of Synthetic Rubber Industry. ICIS News. 2008 May 7. https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2008/05/12/9122056/history-of-the-synthetic-rubber-industry/
- Charles Goodyear and Vulcanization. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Goodyear
- Kułakowski B. Butyl Rubber – IIR Rubber – Definition, Production, Properties, Applications. Inpart24. https://inpart24.com/en/resources/article/63/butyl-rubber-iir-rubber-definition-production-properties-applications
- Henze B. Elastomer Fundamentals: What Makes a Rubber Formulation? West Pharma Blog. 2018 Aug. https://www.westpharma.com/blog/2018/august/elastomer-fundamentals-what-makes-a-rubber-formulation
- Sukhareva KV, Sukharev NR, Levina II, Offor PO, Popov AA. Solvent swelling-induced halogenation of butyl rubber using polychlorinated N-alkanes: Structure and properties. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(20):4137. doi:10.3390/polym15204137
- Morgan J. A Comprehensive Guide to Butyl Rubber. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/comprehensive-guide-butyl-rubber-what-you-need-know-jennifer-morgan-aymif/
- Hoffman J. Material Breakdown: What is Butyl Rubber? Timco Rubber Blog. 2023 Aug 25. https://www.timcorubber.com/blog/archive/material-breakdown-what-is-butyl-rubber/
- Hoffman J. What is the Best Rubber for Weather Resistance? Timco Rubber Blog. 2024 Apr 3. https://www.timcorubber.com/blog/archive/what-is-the-best-rubber-for-uv-resistance/
- Butyl Rubber. Eki B.V. https://www.ekibv.com/rubber/butyl-rubber
- Haworth JP, Baldwin FP. Butyl rubber properties and compounding. Ind Eng Chem. 1942;34(11):1301–8. doi:10.1021/ie50395a011
- Butyl Rubber. Hanna Rubber Company. https://hannarubbercompany.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2023/04/Butyl-Rubber.pdf
- Sukhareva KV, Sukharev NR, Levina II, Offor PO, Popov AA. Solvent swelling-induced halogenation of butyl rubber using polychlorinated N-alkanes: Structure and properties. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15:4137. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15204137
- Butyl Rubber (IIR) / Bromobutyl (BIIR) / Chlorobutyl (CIIR). Hepako GmbH. https://www.hepako.de/en/blog/butyl-rubber-iir–bromobutyl-biir–chlorobutyl-ciir/
- Kruželák J, Hudec I. Vulcanization systems for rubber compounds based on IIR and halogenated IIR: An overview. Rubber Chem Technol. 2018;91(1):167–83. doi:10.5254/rct-18-82609
- Rezaeian I, Zahedi P, Rezaeian A. Rubber adhesion to different substrates and its importance in industrial applications: A review. J Adhes Sci Technol. 2012;26:721–44. doi:10.1163/016942411X579975
- Manaila E, Airinei A, Stelescu MD, Sonmez M, Alexandrescu L, Craciun G, et al. Radiation processing and characterization of some ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer/butyl (halobutyl) rubber/nanosilica composites. Polymers. 2020;12:2431. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102431
- Sharma R, Mohanty S, Gupta V. Advances in butyl rubber synthesis via cationic polymerization: An overview. Polym Int. 2021;70. doi:10.1002/pi.6180
- Wang W, Zou HK, Chu GW, Weng Z, Chen JF. Bromination of butyl rubber in rotating packed bed reactor. Chem Eng J. 2014;240:503–8. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.095
- CIIR Rubber – Chlorobutyl Rubber. Inpart24. https://inpart24.com/en/resources/article/59/22-different-types-of-rubber
- Butyl Rubber Applications. Industrial Rubber Goods. https://www.industrialrubbergoods.com/articles/nitrile-and-latex-rubber-gloves.html
- Atwal A. Tire Production Continues to Dominate the Butyl Rubber Market! LinkedIn. 2015 Jul 16. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tire-production-continues-dominate-butyl-rubber-market-anagha-atwal/
- The Role of Rubber in Pharmaceuticals. Coruba Blog. 2024 Oct 10. https://www.coruba.co.uk/blog/the-role-of-rubber-in-pharmaceuticals/
- Takahashi S, Goldberg HA, Feeney CA, Karim DP, Farrell M, O’Leary K, et al. Gas barrier properties of butyl rubber/vermiculite nanocomposite coatings. Polymer. 2006;47(9):3083–93. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.077
- The Advantages and Disadvantages of Butyl Rubber. Ramsay Rubber. https://www.ramsayrubber.com/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-butyl-rubber/
- Ramsay Rubber. https://www.ramsayrubber.com/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-butyl-rubber/
- Impact of Halobutyl Rubber Innerliners on Tire Durability. KGK Rubberpoint. https://www.kgk-rubberpoint.de/wp-content/uploads/migrated/paid_content/artikel/603.pdf
- Commonly Used Materials for Rubber Extruded Products. Redwood Plastics. 2024 Apr 5. https://www.redwoodplastics.com/rubber-extruded-product-materials/
- Jacob S. Butyl and halobutyl elastomers for pharmaceutical applications. Rubber News. 2023 Oct 2.
- Butyl and Halobutyl Rubber. Nordmann Global. https://www.nordmann.global/en/news-events/news/butyl-and-halobutyl-rubber
- Kim HT, Lee S, Jeon WY, Jang MJ, Seo SH, Lee HJ, et al. Sustainable butyl rubber production from microbial isobutanol-derived isobutylene. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2025;13(6):2275–82. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c05992
- Orlov Y. The technologies of halobutyl rubbers production. Part 1. The technology of butyl rubber halogenation implemented in the manufacturing industry. Vektor Nauki Tol’yattinskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 2017;4:83–91. doi:10.18323/2073-5073-2017-4-83-91
- Li J, Isayev A, Wang Q, Soucek M. Sustainable plasticizer for butyl rubber cured by phenolic resin. J Appl Polym Sci. 2017;135. doi:10.1002/app.45500
- Magill C, Adkinson D, Schenkel R. Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites Based on Butyl and Halobutyl Rubbers. In: Handbook of Elastomers. Wiley; 2011. doi:10.1002/9781118092866.ch14
- Fusco JV, Hous P. Butyl and Halobutyl Rubbers. In: Morton M, editor. Rubber Technology. Boston, MA: Springer; 1987. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7823-9_10